UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization ( United Nations Edukational, Scientific and Kultural Organization) was founded in 1946.

The objectives of UNESCO, according to its Charter, are: promoting peace and international security by developing cooperation between states in the field of education, science and culture; ensuring universal respect for fundamental human rights and freedoms without distinction of race, gender, language or religion.

The supreme body of UNESCO is the General Conference.

The headquarters is located in Paris.

Official languages: English, Spanish, Russian, French, Chinese and Arabic.

Huxley created a complete program, or manifest, new organization... He quickly wrote a brochure, UNESCO, Its Purpose and Philosophy, in which he literally insisted that the organization cannot rely on religious doctrines or any conflicting systems of academic philosophy. The organization must be guided by a "scientific humanism" based on well-established evidence of biological adaptation and social progress. All these phenomena are introduced by Darwinian selection and continue to operate in the human sphere based on psychosocial pressure, which ultimately leads to some types of improvement and even progress with increasing human control over the environment and the preservation of natural forces.

Huxley saw the mission of UNESCO in spreading the ideals of mutual assistance, promoting scientific ideas and cultural exchange... In November 1945, the creation of the organization was announced in London. UNESCO was formally inaugurated in the second half of 1946, and Huxley was elected as its first Director-General.

During a short period of work at UNESCO Huxley traveled the world explaining the mission of the new organization to political and academic leaders, focusing on the future global unity of the world. As Secretary of the Preparatory Commission and Director-General of UNESCO, he has achieved a lot in the development of the system national parks conservation of nature, the creation of museums of science and arts, the application of science and technology to improve living conditions in developing countries. At the age of 61, Huxley left the post of Director-General of UNESCO on a high note. His farewell talk was devoted to the problem of finding a balance between population growth exponentially and limited natural resources... He spoke as if Thomas Malthus has finally firmly entered our life ... "

Gall Ya.M., Julian Huxley's Evolutionary Synthesis, in Collected Works: Creators of Modern Evolutionary Synthesis / Otv. ed. E.I. Kolchinsky, St. Petersburg, "Nestor-History", 2012, p. 355-356.

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What is UNESCO

UNESCO (decryption — United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) - this is special organization which contributes to the achievement of the objectives of the UN Charter in the field of maintaining international efforts to establish and protect the rule of law, fundamental human rights and justice for all. In addition, UNESCO seeks not only to protect human rights and culture, but also the treasures that the world has to offer to its inhabitants.

What is UNESCO - meaning, definition in simple words.

In simple words, UNESCO is an organization whose responsibilities include the preservation of the cultural heritage of mankind. This may include various sites of cultural and historical value. Places like this are marked as UNESCO heritage or UNESCO sites, and are protected by both international and the legislation of the country in which they are located. In addition to preserving various memorable places, the organization conducts its activities in many directions.

Etymology of the word.

UNESCO term ( UNESCO) is formed from English phrase – « U nited N ations E ducational, S cientific and C ultural O rganization ".

Foundation, headquarters and member countries of UNESCO.

This organization was created in 1945 as a division of the United Nations (UN). UNESCO headquarters is located in Paris, France. On this moment the organization has 195 member countries and several countries with which there is close cooperation.

Main field of activity or program of UNESCO:

Culture;
Education;
Natural Sciences;
Social sciencies;
Humanitarian sciences;
Communication and information.

Education.

For reference: At 25% African countries, only 50% of primary-age children are currently attending school. Women make up two thirds of the illiterate adult population worldwide. UNESCO has created a special program "Education for All", which is designed to help improve the level of education in underdeveloped countries. It includes the construction of new schools, the attraction of innovative technologies to improve education.

Natural Sciences.

In 2000, UNESCO established the World Assessment Program water resources... The program aims to focus on the world's water supply and help implement a global water monitoring system to ensure the safety and conservation of water resources. Campaigns such as “Water for Life” and “World Water Day” aim to raise public awareness of issues related to water conservation and water supply. In addition, the organization deals with the problems of global climate change.

Social and Human Sciences.

This area of UNESCO's work focuses on bioethics and, in particular, on the field of genetics. The organization seeks to establish international standards ethics in the sciences, using issues related to religion and philosophy, as well as legal and cultural aspects. Also in the field of activity includes issues related to doping in sports.

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How does the abbreviation "UNESCO" stand for; in what areas does this organization operate; by whom is it funded?

UNESCO (UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

The organization was created on November 16, 1945 and its headquarters are located in Paris, France. The organization includes 67 bureaus and divisions located in different parts the world.

The UNESCO Constitution was adopted at the London Conference in November 1945 and entered into force on November 4, 1946 after the deposit of acts of acceptance by the twenty signatory states. Currently, 191 states are members of the Organization.

The main goal of UNESCO is to contribute to the strengthening of peace and security by expanding cooperation of peoples in the field of education, science and culture in the interests of ensuring universal respect, justice, observance of the rule of law and human rights, as well as the fundamental freedoms proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations for all peoples, without distinction of race, gender, language or religion.

In order to fulfill its mandate, UNESCO has five main functions:

conducts promising research on the forms of education, science, culture and communication required in tomorrow's world;
promotes, transfers and exchanges knowledge, relying primarily on research, training and teaching;
carries out normative activities: preparation and adoption of international acts and binding recommendations;
provides expert services to Member States to define their development policies and design projects in the form of “technical cooperation”;
exchanges specialized information.
In 1972, UNESCO adopted the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and natural heritage.

Language: United Nations Educational, Science, Cultural Organization (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It has 195 states and 7 Associate Members (territories with unrecognized sovereignty). About 60 UNESCO bodies operate in all corners Globe and the headquarters of the organization is in Paris. Lead by UNESCO general manager, who is elected for a four-year term. In 2009, Irina Bokova (representative from Bulgaria) was approved for this post.

The history of the organization dates back to the 40s of the last century. In 1942, the Allied countries discussed the prospects for the restoration of education systems and cultural development, assumed at the end of the Second World War. The negotiations resulted in the signing of the UNESCO Charter on November 16, 1945 and the creation of a preparatory commission. First meetings The General Assembly UNESCO took place in Paris in 1946.

The aim of UNESCO's activities is to consolidate peace and establish universal security by increasing the availability and quality of education everywhere, developing a dialogue between civilizations, preserving the cultural heritage of all nationalities, ensuring equality for all inhabitants of the Earth, regardless of gender and race, language and religion. UNESCO also sees its mission in the victory over poverty and hunger, the eradication of interethnic conflicts, the preservation of the Earth's biosphere and the maintenance of the climate.

From the first years of its existence, UNESCO has been actively involved in the problems of education and science. Today, one of the main goals of the organization is the dissemination of modern communication tools for the cohesion of the world society. In particular, UNESCO long time supported the Free Software Foundation.

Currently, UNESCO sets itself many tasks, highlighting the problem of African countries and the theme of gender equality as priorities.

Tip 2: How the World Heritage List has grown since the UNESCO Forum

From June 26 to July 6, 2012 in St. Petersburg, for the first time in Russia, the 36th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Site was held. The convention of this organization concerning the protection of the world cultural and natural heritage is one of the most effective international legal documents. It has already been joined by 189 countries, whose objects of cultural and natural heritage are included in a special list that guarantees their protection and preservation.

During this representative forum, which was attended by representatives of 21 states, it was planned to consider the issue of including 31 sites on the World Heritage List, some of which are located on the territory of Russia.

Representatives of our country were going to submit for consideration the issue of listing the first Russian serial nomination "Kremlin of Russia" as part of the monuments of ancient Russian architecture of Pskov, Uglich and Astrakhan, the object "Historical Center of St. Petersburg and Related Monuments", as well as the Yakut national park"Lena Pillars".

Unfortunately, the officials could not prepare the package of documents for the first two sites on time, so only one natural heritage site from Russia was considered at the session - "Lena Pillars". 19 countries voted for its inclusion in the World Heritage List. This means that now international experts and observers will control all processes related to the protection and development of this unique natural monument.

For the first time in the history of the organization, properties from Qatar, Congo, Palau, Palestine and the Republic of Chad were nominated. The St. Petersburg Forum added only 26 new sites to the World Heritage List, some of them cultural, some of them natural.

Among the new, protected from now on by UNESCO, natural sites: Lakes Unianga - a complex of 18 interconnected lakes located in the Sahara Desert, the western Ghats mountain range in India. The list also includes such natural monuments as the landscapes of Carioca in Brazil and the Lenggong Valley in Malaysia. The beauty of the rocky islands of the South Lagoon (Palau) and the cultural landscape of Bali province (Indonesia) were appreciated at its true worth at the session.

The objects of cultural heritage were the decorations of rural houses in the Swedish province of Helsingland, a military town in Portugal, as well as places, according to legend, associated with the birth of Jesus Christ, the Nahal Mearot and Wadi el-Mugara caves, found on Mount Carmel in Israel. Moroccan city of Rabat, modern capital and historical city were listed as a common heritage.

As many people know, there is world organization on science, education and culture, which is called UNESCO. In this article, we will tell you in detail what UNESCO is and talk about its activities.

UNESCO - transcript

In fact, this is the name in Russian - just a transfer english letters, the so-called transliteration. Therefore, we will have to decrypt English name... Literally translated UNESCO means: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. In Russian it would sound like UNONK - the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, but such an abbreviation did not take root, so we use such a designation copied into Russian - UNESCO.

UNESCO action

Founded on November 16, 1945, that is, immediately after the end of the Great Patriotic War, the organization launched active activities aimed at restoring the destroyed educational institutions, restoration of monuments. The main goal of UNESCO is to establish cooperation between states in the field of culture, education and science, solving the problems of discrimination in the field of literacy and education, as well as training national personnel for each state and, of course, protecting cultural objects of world importance. We will now talk about this in a little more detail.

UNESCO world heritage

In 1972, the organization adopted the so-called Convention on the Protection of the World Heritage - Natural and Cultural, which entered into force in 1975. At the annual sessions that have been taking place since then, UNESCO members decide on the inclusion of a particular cultural object in the World Heritage Fund. As soon as this or that natural area or a cultural object falls under the protection of the organization (they say: "is under the auspices of UNESCO"), then international standards prohibit to carry out any work there and to erect, demolish and rebuild something without the knowledge of the Organization. You can learn more about the activities of the organization on the official website of UNESCO.