Improving the technologies for organizing leisure activities for children and adolescents. Thesis: Organization of leisure for adolescents in rural areas Research base: Novonikolaevsky District House of Culture, director Kalinina Galina Anatolyevna

Coursework on the topic Ways to optimize the work of schools, cultural institutions and families in the process of organizing teenagers' leisure

Introduction

The relevance of research

At present, the work of schools, cultural institutions and families in the process of organizing teenagers' leisure is the most urgent problem of modern society. In the formation of a culture of leisure for the younger generation, it is necessary to fully include the family in the educational system. This is not an easy matter, because now the ideas of folk pedagogy are almost lost, concerns about education, born of folk wisdom, and the knowledge of the basics of the theory of modern education by parents is small and unsystematic.

The active participation of institutions of the socio-cultural sphere and the school in the organization of family leisure, as practice shows, allows us to look at leisure activities as an important factor in overcoming social passivity, some of the families, neutralizing intra-system conflicts, restoring the lack of mutual trust, creating favorable opportunities for the implementation of many alternative including home leisure activities.

The main tasks of the joint activities of the family, schools and cultural institutions in organizing the leisure of the younger generation have always been:

Shaping harmonically developed personality.

Moral, aesthetic and physical development of adolescents.

Satisfaction of the spiritual needs of adolescents and the development of their creative abilities.

There is currently a large number of out-of-school institutions (studios, clubs for young technicians, stations for young tourists, etc.) that focus only on children, and cultural and leisure centers hold events mainly for young people and adults. Theaters put on performances either for children or for adults. This is unlikely whether it is socially and pedagogically justified in modern conditions. The efforts of cultural institutions and schools should be directed, first of all, to the family, as a team, to organize joint socially oriented leisure activities for parents and children - this is one of the necessary conditions for optimizing such work. After all it is the family that gives the image of the world in which the child will live, it is in the family that the formation of role behavior takes place.

The forms of work of institutions of the socio-cultural sphere and schools with families can be very diverse. For example, in teenage clubs in many cities of Russia, family holidays and family evenings have become traditional, individual forms are enriched with new content, based on the interests of the family. The organization of traditional forms family leisure in Russian folk style: youth games, fairs, arts and crafts circles for children and adults - “Skillful Hands”, fine arts, folklore ensembles and orchestras of folk instruments. Family communication clubs, interest clubs, puppet theaters, libraries and other centers.

At present, conferences of fathers, men's clubs, meetings, consultations, conversations of doctors, psychologists, teachers, joint work in workshops, trips, excursions, etc. are increasingly being created and becoming popular.

The value of cultural and leisure forms of work with the family lies in the fact that they actively include such communication mechanisms as: children and children, family-children, family-family, children-teenagers-adults. These contacts make the communication process particularly attractive and sincerity. The ability to communicate with adults together with children creates a favorable psychological microclimate in the family and strengthens its foundations.

The effectiveness of the use of the social potential of the family to a large extent depends on the level of pedagogical culture of the parents. The efforts of schools, social services, clubs, libraries and other centers contribute to its increase.

Today, the idea of combining the efforts of all social and cultural institutions in the pedagogical education of parents remains pedagogically justified. It is necessary to create services psychological help not only to teenagers, but also to families. School teachers, social educators, students can be involved in their work.

Organizational forms of work with adolescents should be aimed at developing their cognitive interests and abilities. It is important to note that the adolescent period of development is characterized by significant changes in all aspects of the personality - the psyche, the physiology of relationships. The task is to direct the forms of communication into a socially valuable channel that contributes to education of culture. You need to think about how to do this in each club specifically, taking into account the traditions, customs, habits characteristic of the area.

Research problem. Currently, there is a problem of the full inclusion of the family in the upbringing and educational system of the younger generation.

Object of study. Features of the work of the school, cultural institutions and the family in the process of organizing the leisure of adolescents.

Subject of study. Ways to optimize the work of schools, cultural institutions and families in the process of organizing teenagers' leisure.

Purpose of the study. To identify the most effective ways to optimize the work of schools, cultural institutions and families in the process of organizing teenagers' leisure.

Research objectives.

To reveal the features of the work of the school, cultural institutions and the family in the process of organizing the leisure of adolescents.

Determine the forms and methods of work of the school, cultural institutions and families in the process of organizing teenagers' leisure.

To consider the specifics of organizing teenagers' leisure in institutions of additional education.

To reveal the variety of cultural and leisure programs of the school, cultural institutions in the process of organizing teenagers' leisure.

Research methods. Theoretical-system-functional analysis, synthesis.

Empirical - observation, analysis, description.

Chapter? Features of the work of the school, cultural institutions and the family in the process of organizing the leisure of adolescents

The specificity of the organization of teenagers' leisure in institutions of additional education.

Out-of-school forms of work with adolescents in institutions of additional education are of great importance, which contribute to the development of creative abilities, self-realization, self-organization, self-education, the formation of moral and spiritual values.

The inability to properly organize their leisure time leads modern teenagers to sit in front of the TV for a long time, computer addiction, etc. A sedentary lifestyle contributes to the development of physical inactivity, there is a loss of appetite, poor sleep. The teenager becomes apathetic, irritable, his mood often changes. The ability to access the Internet and virtual communication does not contribute to the development of communication skills with real peers. On the contrary, some irresponsibility for their words pushes the guys further and further away from real communication. For the time being, "home" children do not cause fears of parents, problems appear later in the form of various illnesses, conflicts with peers, etc.

R a r y in t e x t a. . . . . .

“Autumn-Wonderful Mosaic” is an entertainment and game program for teenagers.

“Autumn-red-haired friend” - dance show program.

“We are all neighbors on the planet” - entertainment program for teenagers.

“The New Year is knocking on us” is a theatrical show program for teenagers.

“This wonderful night of magic” is a musical and entertainment program.

Conclusion

In the current socio-cultural situation, teenage leisure of adolescents appears as a socially conscious necessity. Leisure for teenagers is an area in which they especially sharply and fully reveal their natural needs in freedom and independence, in vigorous activity and self-expression.

The current socio-cultural situation, the crisis of society have given rise to the most difficult problems in the upbringing of the younger generation and in the formation of a single individual.

Many years of ignoring the objective phenomena occurring in the sphere of organizing the free time of adolescents and young people, the low level of the proposed forms of leisure communication, the underdevelopment of material and technical base institutions of culture have led to the fact that every day the crime rate among adolescents is growing; the number of vagrant children, underage prostitutes, and drug addicts is increasing. The number of adolescents who use drugs has increased 10 times over the past ten years, and the age of initiation to drugs is 14 years, but there are even 6-8-year-old children.

Of great importance for adolescents is the efficiency of using the social potential of the family (which largely depends on the level of pedagogical culture of parents). The efforts of schools, social services, clubs, libraries and other centers contribute to its increase. Today, the idea of combining the efforts of all socially - cultural institutions in the pedagogical education of parents. It is necessary to create psychological assistance services not only for adolescents, but also for their families. The opportunity for adults to communicate with children creates a favorable psychological microclimate in the family and strengthens its foundations. , lawyers, employees of out-of-school institutions, teachers and university students.

In the organization of leisure, it is necessary to use those forms of work that are most popular among adolescents and in which there is a need. The challenge is to channel these forms of communication into socially valuable channels that promote culture. You need to think about how to do this in each club specifically, taking into account the traditions, customs, habits that are characteristic of the area.

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Introduction

Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations for organizing free time for children and adolescents

1.1 Organization of free time as a problem in SKD

1.2 Activities of the club for organizing free time for children and adolescents

Chapter 2 The experience of organizing free time for children and adolescents in a rural club

2.1 Features of the organization of leisure for children and adolescents in the conditions of the district House of Culture

2.2 Experience in organizing free time for children and adolescents in the Kalinushka vocal ensemble

Conclusion

Bibliography

Applications

INTRODUCTION

In the last decade, sociologists and educators have paid attention to the problem of underdevelopment of leisure for children and adolescents, especially in the conditions of a rural club. This problem is really relevant in our time and consists of a number of theoretical and practical contradictions, which we will try to understand. Does the individual really choose a certain type of leisure, or has the choice already been made before him? Maybe he, in essence, does not choose, but uses what is? And if the choice is made, then in favor of freedom For something or from something? Is the time for leisure space self-realization and self-improvement, or is it time freedom from parental control and teacher supervision?

At first glance, these questions may seem merely rhetorical. However, let's try to figure it out and look at the state of the leisure sphere for children and adolescents in our time, especially in rural clubs. Then we will make a conclusion about the real possibilities of personal development in the period of free time.

Social disengagement provokes the development of antisocial behavior. “From nothing to do” today most of the hooligan antics and assaults are committed; the use of alcoholic, narcotic and toxic drugs. Thus, young people who “belong to themselves” are prone to behavior that is not consistent with the norms and values of society, to a greater extent than those included in social processes, life. It is not need, the need for essentials that make young people today embark on the path of crime. Permissiveness, promiscuity, disregard for "indifference", the desire to have fun, "break away", demonstrate one's strength and power, "coolness", often manifested by themselves - just like that, "nothing to do", backed up by a dependent attitude to life, are the main reasons an unprecedented increase in crime among young people. In this regard, there is a problem of organizing free time by a specialist of the SKD

Free time, the technology of its organization, plays an important role in the development of personality. Leisure activity is a sphere of self-education and self-determination. A teenager, in accordance with his own attitudes and preferences, chooses a certain type of activity. The development of skills and abilities, mental and physical activity in free time - all this forms certain social qualities and therefore affects the creative potential and moral basis of not only the individual, but also society. In this sense, the organization of free time is a factor in the development of personality, social institutions and society as a whole.

Free time spends not only physical, but also moral strength. The pastime that spends the minimum amount of strength and energy includes walking and yoga, and vice versa, an active type of recreation requires a huge amount of energy - such as kick-boxing and football. Some types of leisure activities do not spend at all physical energy, but at the same moment they exhaust a person, for example, playing chess or drawing a picture. Passive time is the time when a person does not spend either physical or moral strength, such as visiting cinemas, museums, watching TV shows. Many people consider such a pastime not rational, because they believe that with passive pastime all the advantages of “free time” are lost. Although most people still prefer passive pastime.

Leisure time is organized in many schools and universities. Schools offer big choice recreational activities. Nursing homes also provide free time for meetings and games. A large number of people prefer to spend time with friends, joint dinners or cocktails are a good rest after a hard day's work. For many young people, regular trips to bars and clubs with friends is an integral part of their free time.

Some people spend their free time with the goal of doing it as a job in the future, many people study at night courses for the love of learning - and in the hope of career growth.

Club (English club), a public organization that unites groups of people for the purpose of communication related to political, scientific, artistic, sports, leisure and other interests.

Purpose: To analyze the problems of organizing free time and present a system of measures for its organization in a rural club.

The implementation of this goal necessitated the formulation and solution of a number of interrelated and, at the same time, relatively independent tasks:

1. Provide a definition of the definitions of "free time", technology, club.

2. To study the problems of organizing free time for children and adolescents

3. Present the experience of organizing free time for children and adolescents in the conditions of a rural club.

Object of study: problems of organizing free time

Subject of study: The specifics of the organization of free time for children and adolescents in a rural club

Research methods: literature analysis, induction, deduction, questioning

Research base: Novonikolaevskiy District House of Culture, director Kalinina Galina Anatolyevna

The structure of the work: the work consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references.

CHAPTER 1.THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR ORGANIZING FREE TIME FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

1.1 Organization of free time as a problem in SKD

Leisure time is usually defined as a period of time when a person, without having to do obligatory things (work, household chores, study, food, sleep, etc.), is left to himself in the choice of activities. An active activity, similar to the work that a person chooses himself at such a time, is called a hobby, it is performed for the sake of the activity itself, and not for the sake of earning.

"Free time" comes from the Latin "licere" which means "to be free", a term that first appeared in the early 14th century. During the industrial revolution, when workers in factories had to work 18 hours a day, with only one day off on Sunday. Although by 1870 more modern technology and the union resulted in reduced working hours and permission for two official weekend - Saturday and Sunday. Affordable and reliable transportation allowed workers to travel during their days off. The first vacation to the sea was taken in 1870, the novelty quickly spread in Europe and North America. Workers began to save their wages and collect money for their holidays, which led to an increase in organizational work for vacations of the working class.

The capitalist society often valued free time very positively, as "free time" included costs on the part of the population, and this improved the country's economy. And at this time also greater value was given to rich people, since rich people could afford more free time and, accordingly, they spent more money. "Workaholics" are those people who sacrifice their free time for the sake of work. They prefer to work than to rest. Many expect to achieve career heights by sacrificing free time. According to the philosopher Marx Werha Eve, it was the Europeans and Americans who in the 1960s and 1970s became supporters of what in our time can be called "socialism of free time." They believed that if everyone was given a small piece of the pie, then the minimum needs of each person would be met. Then people can use their free time for the benefit and development of art, sports, and many other types of free time. Writer Belfort Bach in 1884 wrote the book "Socialism and the question of Sunday", he wanted everyone to have the opportunity to rest. And focused on highlighting one universal day of rest

Leisure time is the part of non-working time (within the boundaries of a day, week, year), which remains with a person (group, society) minus various kinds of immutable, necessary costs. The boundaries of free time are determined on the basis of a distinction in the composition of the total time of people's life activity of actually working (including additional labor for the purpose of earning) and non-working time and the allocation of various elements of busy (non-free) time in the composition of the latter.

In the life of modern society, the phenomenon of free time is extremely complex, reflects the essential characteristics of a particular type of society, is filled with various, sometimes very contradictory, content. In developed capitalist countries, along with a positive trend of increasing free time, there are invariably negative trends in filling the leisure sphere with “mass culture”, anti-culture phenomena (alcoholism, crime, etc.), and other activities inherent in the ideals of a “consumer society”. With regard to the conditions of socialism, we can speak, first of all, of two main functions of free time: the function of restoring the strength of a person absorbed by the sphere of labor and other indispensable occupations, and the function of spiritual (ideological, cultural, aesthetic, etc.) and physical development of a person, gaining more and more importance. It was her, having in mind, that K. Marx said that time “... remains free for pleasure, for leisure, as a result of which space opens up for free activity and development. Time is a space for the development of abilities...” As a socio-historical category of free time, it is characterized by three main parameters: volume (size), structure and content. The amount of free time depends primarily on the duration of labor time characteristic of a particular society, that is, on the total amount of non-working time. Socialist society is consistently striving to shorten the length of the working day. However, on present stage development, the volume of free time is largely determined by the time spent on some indispensable costs within non-working time, primarily for household needs and transport. Therefore, the main ways to increase the amount of free time are the development and improvement of everyday services, the introduction into practice of more rational principles of urban and industrial construction, resettlement, etc.

Depending on the aspect of consideration and the tasks of analysis, an unequal (up to several tens) number of elements is usually distinguished in the structure of free time. Taking as the basis for classification the nature of the activity carried out by a person in his free time from the point of view of its influence on the development of the human personality, you can get a number of the broadest categories that form the structure of free time. This is an active creative (including social) activity; study, self-education; cultural (spiritual) consumption, which has an individual (reading newspapers, books, etc.) and public entertainment (visiting cinema, theaters, museums, etc.) character; physical activity (sports, etc.); amateur activities such as hobbies; activities, games with children; friendly meetings, communication with other people; passive rest; time expenditures coinciding with the phenomena of anticulture (for example, alcohol abuse). Thus, with the same amount of free time, its structure can be more or less progressive. The main ways to improve the structure of free time under socialism are to increase the amount of free time, create a powerful material and technical base for leisure, increase the effectiveness of organizational and ideological work with workers, etc.

The specific occupations of a person and their quality within the framework of a particular activity in his spare time constitute its content. Ensuring the content of free time, corresponding to the goals of communist construction, is a long process associated with a further change in the position of the individual in the sphere of economic, political, spiritual life of society, in particular with a wider involvement of workers in political creativity, managing social processes, with the flourishing of the general culture of the masses. and so on.

Over the past decade in Russia there has been a change in the conditions for the upbringing and recreation of children. The closure of many sports and music schools or their inaccessibility due to increased fees for classes has become an obstacle to physical development and the acquisition of important cultural and leisure skills by children. Thus, by 2006, only less than half of the children school age attended various circles - paid and free, while the number of free circles continued to decline. Opportunities for summer recreation for children have significantly decreased. The state of the leisure sector is reflected not only in statistical data, but also in the unsatisfactory assessments of the population. "There is no choice in schools for classes, sports sections, and most often there is no equipment, sports equipment, extracurricular activities are not conducted at all. Very few children go in for physical education and sports, especially in villages."

In many families, too, insufficient attention is paid to the development of children. In the last decade, the functions of upbringing are increasingly assigned by parents to official educational institutions - the school, institutions of out-of-school education, and they underestimate their own role in the development of the child. Adult working people, on average, spend only 0.5 hours a week on classes with children. In the best case, a teenager is automatically included in the family's usual way of spending leisure time. However, given the statistics of recent years, such an introduction to family vacations negatively affects the personality of a teenager. In the 1990s, free time, especially in the villages, began to be used more by the family for passive recreation in combination with watching television or socializing. The frequency of reading fiction, and especially newspapers, has decreased.

The lack of organization of leisure in the family, at school, as well as the lack of opportunities for most adolescents for a full-fledged summer vacation, creative and physical development in special circles and sections, leads to the fact that adolescents find themselves on the street. An important role here belongs to the environment of a teenager - a youth company, a subculture whose values he shares. A survey conducted in 2006 shows that 84% of teenagers prefer to spend their free time with their friends, 62% - in the company they joined.

A teenager goes "on the street" to feel his own independence, independence, freedom. Youth companies usually meet in places where the least likely to fall under the control of adults. As a result, the most common answer to the question about the meeting place is “when, how, where you have to,” and as a result, spending time in the basement, in the attic, in the forest. Moreover, 75% of adolescents are satisfied with spending their free time in this way, they are quite satisfied with the lack of attention to them from adults, non-interference in their personal lives. At the same time, up to 90% of drug addicts start using drugs in the companies of peers who gather in such places. Freed from the control of adults, teenagers are left to their own devices and can have fun as they want. As a result, crime and theft are on the rise. The drug mafia actively attracts idle teenagers to its activities. And such an opportunity to earn money is especially attractive for children from large, single-parent families, who often live from hand to mouth and do not have pocket money.

Theoretically, free time is a resource for the development of the individual and society. However, in reality, this resource, as we see, remains only a potential opportunity for development. Free time, if we consider it from the standpoint of the real behavior of a teenager, also contains the path to the degradation of the individual.

1.2 The activity of the club in organizing freeone time kids teenagers

The modern rural schoolchild lives in conditions of sound agricultural production in terms of material and technical terms, which has switched to industrial methods with a broad intensification, cooperation and specialization of agriculture and a constant increase in labor productivity. The composition of the rural population is changing qualitatively due to the increase in qualified workers in various fields. The number of agro-industrial complexes, inter-farm enterprises, research and production and other associations is growing. The material well-being of families in which children grow up is constantly increasing. Before their eyes, the appearance of the village is changing, the process of enlargement and the creation of new well-equipped villages, and large-scale individual housing construction is expanding. Statistics testify to the steady growth of social consumption funds in agriculture. Significant funds are allocated for cultural and community services for workers of state farms and collective farms, the maintenance of children in preschool institutions, pioneer, labor camps, school boarding schools, etc. The leading role in the upbringing of the younger generation outside of school hours in the conditions of the modern village belongs to the school. The school is the center of culture, the most prestigious educational institution for all villagers, it unites most of the respected rural intelligentsia. The strong influence of the family, the attachment of children to the house, household, traditional adherence to household traditions, respect for the authority of parents, older relatives, the fulfillment of constant various household duties - all this most directly affects the extracurricular activities of schoolchildren, their leisure. In comparison with the city, organizations play a completely different role in the upbringing of the younger generation. This is due to the specifics of the life and way of life of the rural population. Here everyone knows each other and everyone knows about each other. Everything happens in front of the village. A strong social control over study, work, and behavior is preserved. He who deserves respect enjoys it from everyone. It is impossible not to take into account today the influence of the media, which have firmly entered the life of a rural teenager. A modern district, settlement, even a village has a fairly extensive complex of cultural and community, cultural and educational, out-of-school, physical culture and sports institutions. The problem of correlation: their activities, coordination, creation of a system becomes even more important. It is important because the dispersion of pedagogical efforts where everything is traditionally united by the social conditions of life and life is simply impossible. To duplicate activities in a small center, to disperse pedagogical influence is unforgivable. More important in the countryside than in the city is the problem of a unified comprehensive plan for educational activities, in which it is important to create close links between all educational institutions with the family and production. The school, as well as the regional house of culture (centralized club system, rural House of Culture, club) leads and directs the organization of extracurricular time for schoolchildren in the village. Taking into account the special social conditions of life in the village, the club worker must remember that in any business it is necessary to create a positive public opinion, to interest the community of the village, to involve teachers, intellectuals, parents, qualified specialists in the implementation of the task. This will create a prestigious attitude towards the club and ensure the effectiveness of the activities. In the formation of a socialist attitude to work, where the main thing is the labor process, emotional satisfaction, deep awareness by adolescents of the role and importance of agricultural production for the national economy, the life and well-being of workers, respect for labor and agricultural workers, responsibility for the present and future of their native village, collective farm, state farm is the most important task of educating the younger generation. In its solution, the club can direct its influence to fostering interest in technology in general and agricultural technology in particular, respect for professional skills, the desire to become a generalist who owns 2-3 related professions, successfully combines them, to develop the qualities of an experimenter, champion of the new, able to resist old traditions. The growth of the technical equipment of agriculture requires a formed interest in technology, and not just individual technical knowledge and skills, because the replacement of obsolete equipment occurs so quickly that the acquired skills and abilities also quickly become obsolete. We need an educated technical inquisitiveness. Only a person with such qualities can become a qualified specialist today. At the same time, familiarization with technology in cognitive, educational, creative terms, forecasting the technical equipment of the future village contribute to the development of respect for agriculture and the desire to participate in its further transformation.

The core problem of the club's activities in the countryside is to help families, schools, public and industrial organizations in the formation of civil, cognitive and creative activity of children and adolescents. Artistic, technical amateur performances are an integral part of club work with the younger generation. Developing the interests of children and adolescents, artistic and technical amateur performances contribute to the pedagogization of leisure, as in the process of doing what they love they educate, develop spiritual needs, tastes, horizons, form the creative qualities of the individual, deepen her social activity. At present, the organs of public education and culture contribute to the maximum to the development of artistic and technical amateur performances of children, adolescents, and youth. In recent years, regulations have been approved on clubs of young technicians, on reviews - competitions, etc. Local club workers and methodologists of state and trade union Houses of amateur art are looking for various opportunities to involve children and adolescents in artistic and technical activities. In a number of cities across the country, this work is being successfully carried out under the guidance of cultural and educational institutions directly on the basis of general education schools. This facilitates the organization, allows the maximum number of children and adolescents to be included in amateur activities, creates the prerequisites for strengthening the primary team, which naturally deepens educational activities.

However, a comparison of the number of its participants with the total number of children and adolescents shows that in the country as a whole, a little more than 15% of children and adolescents are involved in various circles of clubs and extracurricular institutions. Two main reasons for this situation have been identified. Firstly, this is due to the monotony of genres and types of activities - after all, clubs create mainly choreographic, choral, orchestral, theatrical and circus, art, film and photo teams. At the same time, the range of hobbies of children and adolescents is much larger. Secondly, many leaders, when selecting participants, are guided only by natural abilities. In modern conditions, when the club is designed primarily to solve pedagogical problems, the most important and significant is the upbringing and development of the personality of participants in amateur performances: adolescence is a period of intensive formation of moral consciousness, beliefs of the system of value judgments.

At present, state bodies, institutions of public education and culture are paying more and more attention to the issues of educational work at the place of residence. In the structure of the population of each region (urban and rural) of the country, a significant part is made up of children. Recent studies show that children and adolescents spend most of their free time outside of school in the yard, in the company of friends, and that the lack of targeted influence immediately leads to the creation of spontaneous groups of adolescents, which, as a rule, negatively affect their moral world. Work with the younger generation at the place of residence is a huge reserve for improving the whole matter of education. The modern stage in the development of clubs at the place of residence began in the 50s, when, on the initiative of the Central Committee of the Komsomol, preparations for the All-Union competitions for the prizes "Leather Ball" and "Gold" were widely developed throughout the country. washer". In this regard, measures were taken to improve the yards. It was provided for the mandatory construction of sports facilities in new microdistricts during the construction and reconstruction of urban and regional centers. In 1975, the USSR Sports Committee adopted a resolution "On measures to improve physical culture and sports work among children and adolescents in the community." The regulation introduced the position of a teacher-organizer everywhere, it was proposed to allocate premises for sports clubs and halls, to build and equip sites and towns of the TRP. The main organizer of sports work at the place of residence was the district sports committee. At present, there is a unified regulation on a sports club at the place of residence, according to which the club is created at the housing office, house administrations, sports facilities, parks of culture and recreation and other organizations that have the necessary conditions for conducting permanent sports and recreation and sports and mass work with the population . Since the 70s, a wide network of clubs has been created in the country at the place of residence, which help to solve problems with remoteness, inaccessibility of cultural, educational and out-of-school institutions. Thanks to a wide network of clubs at the place of residence, the problem of uniform placement of cultural and educational institutions of the district, city is being solved. In clubs at the place of residence, a special position of a teacher-organizer has been introduced. The activities of teachers - organizers are directed by the departments of public education and culture. Often, in the cities of the country, special coordinating councils are created to manage all educational work at the place of residence, which include representatives of public organizations, commissions for minors, departments of public education, educational institutions, cultural, educational and sports institutions. Bodies of public education and bodies of culture organize training and advanced training of teachers - organizers (permanent seminar, short-term courses, etc.). ) . Creating an atmosphere of friendly communication in the club at the place of residence is facilitated by the free choice of circles and associations, meetings, discos, hikes, excursions, etc. The educational activities of the club at the place of residence are of a special nature: the club attracts well-off children, promotes their further development, captivating with a variety of activities; at the same time, it actively opposes spontaneous courtyard groups of teenagers, involving them individually or in whole groups in the club.

The courtyard is a place of continuous pedagogical influence on children and adolescents. During the holidays, not only does the activity of clubs not stop, but, on the contrary, it intensifies. For this period, especially in summer, playgrounds and city pioneer camps are created.

Since direct and indirect (through the environment of neighbors) parental influence on children is manifested to a much greater extent in the yard, in clubs at the place of residence even more than in other types of clubs, work with parents becomes important. Meetings of the fathers, purpose which - to involve them in an active educational influence on their sons, a variety of sports ("Dad, mom, I am a sports family), art (concerts, exhibitions of families, at the request of families). Taking into account the conditions of the yard, the leaders of the artistic groups of cubes at the place of residence are trying to direct their work towards creating a festive and family atmosphere in the club. Their mission is to bring joy to people. , become part of family events. And in the process of implementing these goals, artistic and pedagogical tasks for moral and aesthetic education and development of team members are also solved. Therefore, thematic musical and literary compositions, concerts by request and holidays dedicated to the red dates of the calendar, which are celebrated in every family, as well as special family dates, become the basis of the circles' repertoire. Thus, club work at the place of residence, uniting children and adolescents living in the same village, district, on the same street, obeying the main tasks, patterns and principles of club activity, is carried out taking into account the characteristics of the socio-cultural environment of their area. The specificity of club work at the place of residence is manifested in the synthesis of the following types of activities: organization in the club of “unofficial” communication between children and adults, creating an atmosphere of ownership of the interests and behavior of children in the life of their district, village; awakening and development of interests and abilities as a condition and means of revealing the individuality of each child and adolescent; joint activities of children, parents and the general public. The condition for the implementation of such a multifaceted activity is the organization of daily patronage assistance from enterprises, the public of the district to the club and the clear coordination of the educational work of all institutions.

conclusions

In the first chapter, we solved the following tasks: 1. Presented the definition of the definitions of "free time", technology, club.

2. Studied the problems of organizing free time for children and adolescents.

CHAPTER 2EXPERIENCE OF ORGANIZING FREE TIME FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTSRH IN THE CONDITIONS OF A COUNTRY CLUB

2.1 Features of the organization of leisure for children and adolescents in the conditions of the district House of Culture

The House of Culture is a leisure center with a wide range of forms of work aimed at developing the spirituality and general culture of the population.

At present, there is a whole program of events that have long been loved by the villagers. These are folk festivals, concerts, festivals, promotions, marathons, fairs, vernissages, festive and anniversary evenings of city enterprises, schools, creative evenings, evenings of rest for various groups of the population, children's game programs, creative meetings with teams, show programs, intellectual games, gatherings, literary, musical and poetic evenings, classes in amateur clubs and associations, etc. And, finally, holidays.

Each holiday has its own peculiarity, its own scale, its own reason for holding. New Year, youth balls, humorous events, the days of March 8, the protection of children, the elderly, professional holidays. In addition to holidays in honor of significant dates from the history of the country: Victory Day, Defender of the Fatherland Day, Liberation of Gatchina from Nazi invaders, Independence Day of Russia, Day of Slavic Culture, etc., holidays are held in honor of writers, poets, songwriters. Calendar folk holidays have firmly entered into practice, turned out to be in demand. Many non-traditional holidays have appeared, surprising in their originality. Traditional elements are introduced into these modern holidays, they are attractive for both children and adults with the opportunity to relax with the whole family, prove themselves in a competition, participate in folk, often forgotten games, competitions.

Regional and International holidays and festivals are held on the basis of the House of Culture. Opening day lovers are invited to exhibitions in the art gallery of the House of Culture. Classical music fans - for musical meetings in the blue living room. The House of Culture offers businesses, institutions and individuals the organization of celebrations, parties, concerts. You can use the music library, methodological literature, scripts, theatrical and carnival costumes, get expert advice.

Everyone knows that the main reason for the growth of juvenile delinquency is the lack of control on the part of adults over the behavior of their children, how they spend their free time, where and how they spend their energy. Many parents complain that they would be happy to take their children in circles and sections, but they cannot afford it. And besides, they are busy with their work, and they have no time to look after the children. Additional information: all classes in studios, ensembles and circles of the theater, choreography and art departments are free of charge.

In total, more than 300 people are engaged in studios, circles and ensembles of the House of Culture. About 200 boys and girls of different ages also study here.

Goose Ensemble. Head - Olga Sukhlyaeva.

The goal of the team is the preservation and promotion of a multi-stringed ancient instrument (gusli - voiced) in the context of traditional Russian culture.

Participants of festivals, competitions in the region and Russia.

The group's repertoire includes goose tunes, arrangements, author's works, work with vocal soloists, as well as traditional Russian ritual folklore, a game program.

- "Art Studio" - for students in grades 1-6, leader Shakhova Svetlana Alexandrovna. The works of the children of the studio also participate in exhibitions that are held both in the district itself on the basis of schools or houses of culture. But they also travel to other cities and districts of the region.

Theater Studio "Chance" (Russian direction) - for students in grades 1-11; leader Maslova Anastasia Stanislavovna. The theater studio "Chance" takes an active part in the cultural life of the district and region. In his work, he combines several forms: professional troupe, amateur and studio.

Vocal Ensemble "Kalinushka", leader Kalinina Galina Anatolyevna

Pop vocal, leader Protasova Olga Nikolaevna.

Also on the basis of the district house of culture there is a Children's School of Arts:

1) On musical department - the guys are engaged in classical music in the following areas: piano, folk instruments, classical guitar, pop guitar, studio "Sverchok".

About 65 children study here, classes are held mainly according to an individual program.

2) Theatrical and choreographic department:

Vocal studio "Victoria" - for students in grades 4-11, leader Nuzhdova Olga Aleksandrovna;

Variety dances, leader Khramova Natalya Vladimirovna.

Since recently, in the regional house of culture, the regional festival-competition of children's and youth creativity"Star Wave" This is a bright cultural event on the territory of the Novonikolaevsky district and on the basis of the House of Culture. The surge in the media, the deep interest of the audience watching the performances of the contestants and artists of the Novonikolaevsky district, as well as the city of Volgograd, indicate that the "Star Wave" has become a spring holiday and a good cultural tradition for everyone. The idea to organize a new competition, unlike anything previously held on the territory of the Novonikolaevsky district, came to the young singer, as well as the director of the competition, Sergey Chernousov, at the end of 2006. KDM and the department of culture of the Novonikolaevsk region fully supported the idea of Sergey Chernousov and already on May 1, 2007 the competition started with great success ... The competition consists of 3 rounds

Participants prepare 2 works, or numbers, lasting no more than 5 minutes.

1 round - View

Round 2 - Semifinal

Round 3 - Final, awarding

How many kind words, how many beautiful faces, clear eyes and friendly smiles are united by "Star Wave".

All the gifted, from young to old, are going to shine at the festival of creativity, known throughout the Novonikolaevsky district.

All regions of the region are in a single creative impulse on one big stage. That's all - the Regional festival-competition of children's and youth creativity "Star Wave".

For two years, the "Star Wave" has made a lot of friends who come to this competition for the second year.

Every year at least 50 talents from 5 to 25 years old gather at the competition.

"Star Wave" is not just a celebration of talented art. For its time, it has earned the title of a serious competition. Evaluate annually the nominees of the world of art and culture.

All participants of the competition receive diplomas of various categories and valuable gifts. So, for example, in 2007 the diploma of the Laureate of the 1st degree was awarded to: gr. "Dali", Sergeeva D., Skvortsova E., Nikulina A., Krivobokova D., ans. "Kalinushka".

This year, on April 1, the qualifying round was held. Of the 53 participants, 27 participants made it to the semi-finals of the competition.

"Star Wave" is a grandiose holiday full of happiness, fun, brilliance and beauty of young talented creativity. And at the same time - tears of joy in the eyes of the surprised kind and friendly atmosphere.

2.2 The experience of organizing free time for children and adolescents in the vocal ensemble "Kalinushka"

The team was founded in 1990. Age of participants from 7 to 16 years. Artistic director - director of the regional house of culture Kalinina Galina Anatolyevna. The vocal ensemble actively participates in city and regional events.

The team has many diplomas and certificates for participation in regional and Russian festivals and competitions.

In their performances, the ensemble uses folk costumes, masks, musical instruments (harp, balalaika, accordion, pity, percussion). For the promotion of Russian folk songs, the ensemble was awarded many certificates, diplomas, memorable gifts.

Being on stage, realizing your creative ideas and keeping the attention of the audience is a great skill. The ensemble throughout all the years of work in the Novonikolaevsky District House of Culture teaches children not only vocal art. For five years of study, children and teenagers take elective courses in playing the piano, Russian folk instruments, folk art, solo singing. On New Year's holidays, the ensemble members take part in "traveling Christmas trees" for children, which are held on the territory of the district in various organizations, schools, kindergartens. They have the opportunity to draw up a performance program, come up with games and contests. Here their imagination and acting skills are shown.

Education of children and teenagers on vocal traditions is one of the most important means of moral and aesthetic education of the younger generation.

Song, modern song in is an effective form of work with children of different ages.

Classes in the ensemble awaken children's interest in vocal art, which makes it possible, based on the child's sympathies, to develop his musical culture and school stage.

Without proper vocal and choral training, it is impossible to appreciate the vocal culture, imbued with love for vocal and choral music.

That is why today, with all its acuteness, the question arises of the optimal connections between the lesson and additional musical work, which is carried out in the Kalinushka ensemble.

The musical and aesthetic education and the vocal and technical development of children and adolescents will be interconnected and inseparable, starting with the youngest schoolchildren.

The leading place in this process belongs to solo singing and singing in an ensemble, choral and solo concepts, which will help to introduce children to vocal art.

Target: instill a love for vocal art and teach how to perform vocal works correctly.

Tasks:

1. Based on the study of children's songs, vocal works, Russian romance, modern pop songs and other things, expand the knowledge of the children about the history of the Motherland, its singing culture. To educate and instill love and respect for the spiritual heritage, understanding and respect for singing traditions.

2. To teach to perceive music, vocal works as an important part of every person's life.

3. To develop the skills and abilities of performing simple and complex vocal works, to teach 2 and 3 voice performance of songs and romances. To teach the basics of musical literacy, stage culture, work in a team.

4. To develop the individual creative abilities of children on the basis of performed works. Use a variety of vocal techniques. Contribute to the formation of emotional responsiveness, love for the world around. Instill the basics of artistic taste.

5. Form the need for communication with vocal music. To create an atmosphere of joy, significance, enthusiasm, success for each member of the ensemble.

6. Take the free time of children and adolescents by holding concerts, "trees" with their participation.

The implementation of tasks is carried out through various types of vocal activities, the main of which are solo and ensemble singing, adding elements of improvisation, movement to music, and elements of theatricalization. Provides interdisciplinary connections with music, culture, literature, folklore, performing arts, rhythm. Approximately reveals the content of classes, combined into thematic blocks, consists of theoretical and practical parts.

The theoretical part includes musical notation, working with text, studying the work of individual composers.

The practical part teaches practical techniques of vocal performance of songs and musical works.

The musical basis is made up of works by classical and contemporary composers and performers, various children's songs, and a significantly updated repertoire of songwriters.

The selection of works is carried out taking into account accessibility, necessity, artistic expression (partially the repertoire depends on dates, special holidays and events).

The song repertoire is selected in accordance with the real possibility of its development within the circle activities. There is variation.

The following methods were chosen as the main methods of work: stylistic approach, creativity, systematic approach, improvisation and stage movement.

1. STYLE APPROACH: widely used, aimed at the gradual formation of a conscious stylistic perception of a vocal work among the members of the ensemble. Understanding the style, methods of performance, vocal characteristics of works.

2. CREATIVE METHOD: used as the most important artistic and pedagogical method, which determines the qualitative and effective indicator of its practical implementation.

Creativity is understood as something purely peculiar, uniquely inherent in each child and therefore always new. This new manifests itself in all forms of artistic activity of vocalists, primarily in solo singing, ensemble improvisation, musical stage theatricalization. In this regard, in the work and activities of a teacher and a member of the vocal circle, uniqueness and originality, individuality, initiative, individual inclinations, peculiarities of thinking and fantasies are manifested.

3. SYSTEMIC APPROACH: aimed at achieving the integrity and unity of all constituent components - themes, vocal material, types of concert activities. In addition, a systematic approach makes it possible to coordinate the ratio of parts of the whole (in this case, the ratio of the content of each year of study to the content of the entire structure of the vocal program). Using a systems approach allows the interaction of one system with others.

4. IMPROVISATION AND STAGE MOVEMENT METHOD: This is one of the main derived methods. The requirements of the time are the ability to hold on and move on stage, the skillful performance of a vocal work, emancipation in front of the audience and listeners. All this gives us the prerequisites for skillful presence on the stage, stage improvisation, movement to the music and rhythmic correspondence to the performed repertoire. Using this method allows you to raise the performing skills to a new professional level, because you have to follow not only the voice, but also the body.

In districts and villages, the village club is the main institution for organizing the free time of children and adolescents. In order for children and teenagers to study in various ensembles or circles, and not to consume alcohol and drugs in the courtyards, it is necessary to spread the work of the club in every possible way. The most important quality of club propaganda should be evidence, thoroughness, prudence.

Conclusion

In the second chapter, we presented the experience of organizing free time for children and adolescents in the conditions of a rural club. Features of the organization of free time for children and adolescents in the district House of Culture.

CONCLUSION

An analysis of the statistical picture of teenagers' leisure over the past decade leads us to the following sad conclusion. Leisure activities of adolescents do not always have a developmental focus, and sometimes have a negative impact on health, limit the development of skills and knowledge, the ability to translate them into cultural and creative activities, social activity.

Children and adolescents, due to their age-related psychological characteristics, are ready to perceive everything new and unknown, without thinking about the consequences. At the same time, they are still ideologically unstable, it is easier to introduce both a positive and a negative image into their minds. When there is no positive alternative, the ideological vacuum is quickly filled with drugs, smoking, alcoholism and other bad habits. Therefore, children and adolescents should be more actively involved in clubs, circles, sections. Sometimes a teenager's leisure comes first in his life. Therefore, it is very important during this period to fill the free time of a teenager. Just do not forget that the organization of leisure activities should not take place under the compulsion of a teenager, but only with the consent and interest of a growing child.

I presented in my work the definition of the definitions of "free time", technology, club. She studied the problems of organizing free time for children and adolescents, and also presented her experience in organizing free time for children and adolescents in the conditions of a rural club. Based on everything, it becomes clear that it is necessary to give way to club formations more widely. They should be varied, active, theatrical. Thematic evenings of different genres, public events, youth discos, clubs and studios. A CDS specialist should not be afraid of difficulties in everyday communication with children and adults, in the ability to find out their interests, requests, needs, which, if possible, should be satisfied by a modern club. The art of the SKD specialist is manifested, first of all, in his ability to involve children, adolescents and adults in some interesting and useful business.

The most important concern of the club is the organization of recreation for the population at the place of residence: on the streets, in courtyards, schools, etc. It is necessary to regularly hold “holidays of our yard”, “holidays of our street”, organize interest clubs, amateur art circles, participate in organizing family celebrations. Such events are very popular, they contribute to creative self-expression, the development of initiative and activity, and the strengthening of a healthy life.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

2. http://ser-chernousov.narod.ru/

3. "Organization and methodology of club work" Editor E. Ya. Zaresky, Ed. "Enlightenment" 1975

4. Frolova G.I. “Organization and methods of club work with children and adolescents”: A textbook for students of cultural institutions. - M.: Enlightenment, 1986. - 160 p.

5. Electronic textbook on Sociology (Terentyeva I.N.): www.social.narod.ru/sociology/uchebnik/

6. Modern technologies of social and cultural activities. Edited by E. I. Grigorieva. Tutorial. Publishing house of TSU named after G. R. Derzhavin 2002, 504 p.

7. Kiseleva T. G. Krasilnikov Yu. D. Socio-cultural activity: Textbook - M.: MGUKI, 2004. - 539

8. Age and pedagogical psychology // Ed. A.V. Petrovsky. M.: Enlightenment, 1993..

9. Bozhovich L.I. Personality and its formation in childhood. - M., 1968.

10. Eroshenkov I.N. The main directions of cultural

educational work with children and adolescents. M., 1997

11. Eroshenkov I.N. Cultural and educational activities with children and adolescents, M., 2001.b.

12. Surtaev V. Ya. Socio-cultural creativity of youth: Methodology, theory, practice. St. Petersburg, 2000

13. Zapesotsky A., Fine A. This incomprehensible youth. Problems of informal youth associations. M., 1994

14. Youth renaissance and problems of youth socialization. M., 1990

15. Socialization of the individual: the historical experience of the Soviet period and current trends. M., 1993

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Introduction

Relevance of the topic:The current stage of development of Russian society is ambiguous and contradictory. The activity of institutions of the socio-cultural sphere, as an integral part of the social organism, takes place against the backdrop of fundamental changes in all spheres of society - from the economy to ideology.

There is a change in value orientations, life goals of both individuals and society as a whole. It is known that today the leisure of both young people and adults who grew up in large and small cities is different. It is so different that, communicating with representatives of small towns, we so clearly catch their difference from representatives big cities, which becomes clear - these are different people, and their leisure culture is different. It is free time that becomes the sphere where a person communicates with art, painting, cinema, literature; playing sports, in drama circles, visiting exhibitions, theaters, museums, meeting interesting personalities. With all the positive aspects of leisure, it can be noted that leisure is clearly subject to the state of politics, economics, ideology, education and culture.

As practice shows, the leisure of the younger generation, with a relatively low culture of its use, not only does not bring the expected restoration of lost strength, the flowering of creative abilities, etc., but, on the contrary, turns into criminogenic factor society. The fragmentation of existing theoretical developments and the limited empirical material on issues related to the socializing impact of leisure on school-age children and reducing it mainly to the implementation of an educational function significantly reduces the effectiveness of practical activities in the field of leisure, which also determines the need and relevance of this study.

An objectresearches - the organization of leisure of children and teenagers.

Itemresearches - the organization of leisure of children and teenagers in the conditions of the School leisure organization.

Targetresearch - to study the features of the organization of leisure for children and adolescents in the conditions of the school leisure organization.

Tasksresearch: 1. Consider the influence of the current socio-cultural situation on the development of the personality of a teenager. 2. Analyze the main ways to optimize the work of schools, cultural institutions and families in the process of organizing teenagers' leisure. 3. To study the peculiarities of organizing leisure activities for children and adolescents in clubs at the place of residence.

The novelty of the course work.

Since this problem is relevant for today, but little studied, therefore, I tried to theoretically generalize sociological approaches to studying the problem of spending leisure time for children and adolescents.

The practical significance of the study.

The results of the work of developing programs can be used in the practical activities of the head teacher for educational work, leaders of circles and for leaders of the cultural and mass sector.

1. Organization of free time for children and adolescents as a social problem

.1 Organization of free time as a problem

"Free time" comes from the Latin "licere" which means "to be free", the term first appeared in the early 14th century. During the industrial revolution, when workers in factories had to work 18 hours a day, with only one day off on Sunday. Although by 1870 more modern technology and the union resulted in reduced working hours and the permission for two official days off, Saturday and Sunday. Affordable and reliable transportation made it possible for workers to travel during their days off.

The capitalist society often valued free time very positively, as "free time" included costs on the part of the population, and this improved the country's economy. And at this time, rich people were also given more importance, since rich people could afford more free time and, accordingly, they spent more money. "Workaholics" are those people who sacrifice their free time for the sake of work. They prefer to work than to rest. Many expect to achieve career heights by sacrificing free time. According to the philosopher Marx Werha Eve, it was the Europeans and Americans who in the 1960s and 1970s became supporters of what in our time can be called "socialism of free time." They believed that if everyone was given a small piece of the pie, then the minimum needs of each person would be met. Then people can use their free time for the benefit and development of art, sports, and many other types of free time. Writer Belfort Bach in 1884 wrote Socialism and the Question of Sunday, he wanted everyone to have the opportunity to rest, and focused on highlighting one universal day of rest.

In the life of modern society, the phenomenon of free time is extremely complex, reflects the essential characteristics of a particular type of society, is filled with various, sometimes very contradictory, content. In developed capitalist countries, along with a positive trend of increasing free time, there are invariably negative trends in filling the leisure sphere with “mass culture”, anti-culture phenomena (alcoholism, crime, etc.), and other activities inherent in the ideals of a “consumer society”. With regard to the conditions of socialism, we can speak, first of all, of two main functions of free time: the function of restoring the strength of a person absorbed by the sphere of labor and other indispensable occupations, and the function of spiritual (ideological, cultural, aesthetic, etc.) and physical development of a person, gaining more and more importance. It was her, having in mind, that K. Marx said that time “... remains free for pleasure, for leisure, as a result of which space opens up for free activity and development. Time is a space for the development of abilities ... ”As a socio-historical category of free time, it is characterized by three main parameters: volume (size), structure and content. The amount of free time depends primarily on the duration of labor time characteristic of a particular society, i.e. of the total amount of non-working time. Socialist society is consistently striving to shorten the length of the working day. At the same time, at the present stage of development, the amount of free time is largely determined by the time spent on some indispensable costs within non-working hours, primarily for household needs and transport. Therefore, the main ways to increase the amount of free time are the development and improvement of everyday services, the introduction into practice of more rational principles of urban and industrial construction, resettlement, etc.

Depending on the aspect of consideration and the tasks of analysis, an unequal (up to several tens) number of elements is usually distinguished in the structure of free time. Taking as the basis of classification the nature of the activity carried out by a person in his free time from the point of view of its influence on the development of the human personality, it is possible to obtain a number of the broadest categories that form the structure of free time. This is an active creative activity; study, self-education, cultural consumption, which has an individual (reading newspapers, books, etc.) and public entertainment (visiting cinema, theaters, museums, etc.) character; physical activity (sports, etc.); amateur activities such as hobbies; activities, games with children; friendly meetings, communication with other people4 passive recreation; time expenditures coinciding with the phenomena of anticulture (for example, alcohol abuse). Thus, with the same amount of free time, its structure can be more or less progressive. The main ways to improve the structure of free time under socialism are to increase the amount of free time, create a powerful material and technical base for leisure, increase the efficiency of organizational and ideological work with workers, etc.

Over the past decade in Russia there has been a change in the conditions for the upbringing and recreation of children. The closure of many sports and music schools or their inaccessibility due to increased fees for classes has become an obstacle to physical development and the acquisition of important cultural and leisure skills by children. So, by 2006, only less than half of school-age children attended various paid and free circles, while the number of free circles continued to decline. Opportunities for summer recreation for children have significantly decreased. The state of the leisure sector is reflected not only in statistical data, but also in the unsatisfied assessments of the population. “In schools there is no choice for classes in circles, in sports sections, and most often there is no equipment, sports equipment, extracurricular activities are not conducted at all. Very few children go in for physical culture and sports, especially in the villages.”

A teenager goes "on the street" to feel his own independence, independence, freedom. Youth companies usually meet in places where the least likely to fall under the control of adults. As a result, the most common answer to the question about the meeting place is “when, how, where you have to,” and as a result, spending time in the basement, in the attic, in the forest. Moreover, 75% of adolescents are satisfied with spending their free time in this way, they are quite satisfied with the lack of attention to them from adults, non-interference in their personal lives. At the same time, up to 90% of drug addicts start using drugs in the companies of peers who gather in such places. Being freed from the control of adults, teenagers are left to themselves and can have fun as they want. As a result, crime and theft are on the rise. The drug mafia actively attracts idle teenagers to its activities. And such an opportunity to earn money is especially attractive for children from large, single-parent families, who often live from hand to mouth and do not have pocket money.

1.2 The specifics of leisure activities with adolescents with deviant behavior

the main task preventive work in the system of juvenile delinquency is the prevention and correction of social deviations and social maladjustment of children and adolescents, which are the result of an unfavorable social development due to various adverse environmental factors, upbringing, psychobiological characteristics.

As you know, deviant antisocial behavior is called behavior that is contrary to legal or moral norms accepted in society.

The main types of deviant behavior are crime and criminally punishable (not illegal) immoral behavior. In the origin of deviant behavior, a significant place is given to the study of its motives, causes and conditions that contribute to its development. In the origin of deviant behavior, defects in the legal and moral consciousness, the content of the needs of the individual, character traits, and the emotional-volitional sphere play a particularly large role.

Deviant behavior is the result of improper development of the personality and the unfavorable situation in which the person finds himself.

It is in adolescence that the first manifestations of deviant behavior are observed and are explained by a relatively low level of intellectual development, the incompleteness of the process of personality formation, the negative influence of the family, the immediate environment, the adolescent's dependence on the requirements of the group and the holistic orientations adopted in it.

Deviant behavior in adolescents often serves as a means of self-affirmation, expresses the process against reality or the seeming injustice of adults.

In turn, the deviations are divided into:

)deviations of selfish orientation;

)aggressive orientation;

)deviations of the socially passive type.

Social deviations of selfish orientation.These include the right of offense and misdemeanors associated with the desire to obtain material, monetary, property support (theft, theft, speculation).

Among minors, such deviations manifest themselves in the form of criminal criminal acts and in the form of misconduct and immoral behavior.

Social Deviations aggressive orientationmanifested in actions directed against a person (insult, hooliganism, beatings, rape and murder).

Deviations of social - passive typeexpressed in the desire for income from an active social life, in the evasion of their civic duties and duty, unwillingness to solve both personal and social problems. Such manifestations include evasion from work and study, vagrancy, the use of alcohol and drugs, toxic drugs, immersing in the world of artificial illusions and destroying the psyche. The extreme manifestation of this position is suicide, suicide. Thus, antisocial behavior, differing both in content and target orientation, and in the degree of public danger, can manifest itself in various social deviations, from violations of morality and law, minor offenses to serious crimes.

There are several forms of manifestation of deviant behavior of minors:

1. Alcoholization.This phenomenon is spreading more and more. Every year the number of teenagers drinking alcohol is increasing.

Comparative sociological studies have revealed several patterns of this problem:

)Drunkenness is more common where there are more social tensions.

)Drunkenness is associated with specific forms of social control. In some cases, it is an element of some obligatory rituals, in others it acts as anti-normative behavior, a means of liberation from external control.

)Alcoholism is often carried in inner comfort, due to the desire of the individual to overcome the gravitating feeling of dependence.

2. Addiction.Being intoxicated, a teenager can commit a different act. From here the number of crimes, thefts, murders grows.

According to A.E. Personally, there are different levels of addiction:

)single or infrequent drug use;

)repeated use, but without signs of physical and mental dependence;

)drug addiction of the 1st stage, when mental dependence has already formed, the search for a drug for the sake of obtaining pleasant sensations, but there is no physical dependence yet, and stopping drug use does not cause painful sensations;

)drug addiction of the 2nd stage, when there is a physical dependence on the drug and the search for it is already aimed not so much at causing a buzz as at avoiding torment;

)drug addiction of the 3rd stage - complete physical and mental degradation.

According to the observations of psychologists, narcologists, 2/3 take drugs for the first time out of curiosity, a desire to find out what is beyond the forbidden.

3. Aggressive behavior.

Adolescent aggression is most often the result of anger and low self-esteem as a result of experienced life failures. Sophisticated cruelty is often shown by the victims of spoiled sissies who do not know how to be responsible for their actions.

4. Suicidal behavior.

Among adolescents examined by A.E. Lichko,

)32% of suicide attempts are 17 year olds;

)21% - 15 year olds;

)12% - 14 year olds;

)4% - 12-13 year olds.

Prevention of teenage suicides does not consist in avoiding conflict situations, but in creating such a psychological climate where a teenager would not feel lonely, unrecognized and inferior.

In 9 cases out of 10, youthful assassination attempts are not a desire to commit suicide, but a cry for help.

5. Mental disorders.

It is advisable to distinguish, on the one hand, age-specific disorders (diseases) and, on the other hand, character accentuations characteristic of this age, that is, extreme variants of the norm, in which certain character traits are excessively enhanced, resulting in selective vulnerability to certain psychogenic impacts with good and even increased resistance to others.

How are mental disorders and the regularities of the normal course of adolescence related?

.The disease begins in adolescence, the flood that its nature, the latent period extends for many years, and it simply does not have time to develop in childhood.

.Violations are caused by the fact that the environment and society begin to show unbearable demands to the individual. For example, the complication of curricula in high school, reveals in some adolescents borderline mental retardation, inability to cope with the task.

.The processes of adolescence predispose the adolescent, making him particularly susceptible to certain adverse influences.

.The period of puberty provokes the identification of a previously hidden pathology.

6. Illegal behavior.

Adolescents living in dysfunctional families, which is associated with poor housing and material conditions, tense relations between family members and low concern for raising children. According to the observations of psychologists, among juvenile delinquents there are quite a few who are also sane, have certain relations from the norm. According to a sociological study that took place in the Saratov region among juvenile delinquents, 60% of them have some kind of mental disorder (psychosis, neurosis, etc.).

Among the asocial manifestations, it is advisable to single out the so-called pre-criminogenic level, when the minor has not yet become the subject of a crime, and his social deviations are manifested at the level of minor misconduct, violations of the norms and rules of behavior that evade socially useful activities, in the use of alcohol, drugs and toxic substances. means that destroy the psyche and other forms of antisocial behavior that do not pose a great public danger.

Criminogenic(criminal) level. In this case, social relations are expressed in criminal, criminally punishable actions, when a teenager becomes the subject of a crime that is considered by the judiciary and poses a more serious public danger.

In order to better understand the nature of the social relations of minors, let us consider a patent analysis of about a thousand cases discussed at commissions on minors' affairs.

The age composition of minors passing through the commission is older teenagers aged 14-16 (about 40%), followed by younger teenagers aged 11-13 (up to 26%).

Asocial manifestations also served as a reason for consideration: 48% of adolescents were discussed for avoiding study and work; 10% - for escapes and vagrancy; 3-5% - for drinking alcohol and the same amount for immoral behavior.

A more in-depth psychological and socio-psychological study of the personality of adolescents with deviant behavior showed that they are also characterized by varying degrees of deformation of the system of internal behavioral regulation - value orientations, attitudes of needs. Noticeable trouble is revealed in the system of interpersonal relations in the family, school, on the street.

All this indicates that deviant behavior is the result of an unfavorable social development of a violation of the socialization process. A special type of such disorders occurs during adolescence, the so-called hormonal transition period from childhood to adulthood.

2. Technology for organizing leisure activities for children and adolescents in the conditions of the city of Novocherkassk

.1 Ways to optimize the work of schools, cultural institutions and families in the process of organizing teenagers' leisure

To optimize the process of interaction between the family, schools and institutions of the socio-cultural sphere in the formation of a culture of leisure for the younger generation, it is necessary to fully include the family in the educational system. This is not an easy matter, because now the ideas of folk pedagogy, care for education, born of folk wisdom, are almost lost, and the knowledge of the basics of the theory of modern education by parents is small and unsystematic.

The active participation of institutions of the socio-cultural sphere and schools in the organization of family leisure, as practice shows, allows us to look at leisure activities as an important factor in overcoming the social passivity of some families, neutralizing intra-system conflicts, restoring the lack of mutual trust, creating favorable opportunities for the implementation of many alternative, including domestic, leisure activities.

The main tasks of the joint activities of the family, schools and cultural institutions in organizing the leisure of the younger generation have always been:

)formation of a harmoniously developed personality;

)moral, aesthetic and physical improvement of adolescents;

)satisfaction of the spiritual needs of adolescents and the development of their creative abilities.

Currently, there are a large number of out-of-school institutions (studios, clubs for young technicians, stations for young tourists, etc.) that focus only on children, while cultural and leisure centers hold events mainly for young people and adults. Theaters put on performances either for children or for adults. This is hardly socially and pedagogically justified in modern conditions. The efforts of cultural institutions and schools should be directed, first of all, to the family as a team, to the organization of joint socially oriented leisure activities of parents and children - this is one of the necessary conditions for optimizing such work.

The forms of work of institutions of the socio-cultural sphere and schools with families can be very diverse. So, for example, in teenage clubs in many cities of Russia, family holidays, family evenings have become traditional, individual forms are enriched with new content, based on the interests of the family. The organization of traditional forms of family leisure in the Russian folk style has become widespread: youthful games, fairs, Russian gatherings, circles of applied art for children and adults - “Skillful Hands”, fine arts, folklore ensembles and orchestras of folk instruments. Family communication clubs, interest clubs, puppet and actor theaters, libraries and other centers should contribute to the solution of the problem of the lack of communication between parents and children. And at the heart of the activity of the Tambov City Center for work with children and youth is the program "Adults and Children", which includes a variety of experimental programs, among which the most popular are "The world will be saved by beauty", "I am for Russia", "Mercy and care ”, “Know yourself and know the world of people.”

The main goal of the "Adults and Children" program is to focus the attention of children and parents on the expediency of spending time together. The main areas of this program are:

)moral and spiritual revival of the family;

)social - psychological rehabilitation of the family;

)personal rehabilitation of adolescents;

)updating the approach to organizing joint leisure activities for adults and children;

)formation of a healthy lifestyle.

The value of cultural and leisure forms of work with the family lies in the fact that they actively include such communication mechanisms as: children and children, families - children, family - family, children - adolescents - adults. These contacts give the processes of communication a special attraction and sincerity. The opportunity to communicate with adults together with children creates a favorable psychological microclimate in the family and strengthens its foundations. The effectiveness of the use of the social potential of the family to a large extent depends on the level of pedagogical culture of the parents. The efforts of the school, social services, club institutions, libraries and other centers contribute to its increase. Today, the idea of combining the efforts of all socio-cultural institutions in the pedagogical education of parents remains pedagogically justified. It is necessary to create psychological assistance services not only for adolescents, but also for families. School teachers, social educators, educators can be involved in their work. preschool institutions, psychologists, doctors, lawyers, employees of out-of-school institutions, teachers and university students.

2.2 Features of organizing leisure activities for children and adolescents in clubs at the place of residence

Houses, Palaces of Culture and Leisure Centers are traditionally considered the main places of leisure for young people. Young people prefer to gather in yards, in apartments, on green areas, in the entrances of houses and places of residence.

The adult population, for the most part, falls out of sight of cultural and leisure institutions and spends their free family time at home.

In recent years, in many regions of Russia, the development of cultural and leisure activities has a variable character.

The ongoing reorganization in the cultural and leisure sphere, the liquidation of many club institutions and a change in their detail, opened the way for a diverse work of interest clubs in micro-societies.

With expediently formed pedagogical activity, which has a direct impact on the choice of free time for adolescents and young people, there is a development of organized and unorganized types and forms of amateur creativity. In order to satisfy the demands and interests of the modern generation, it is important and necessary to experiment, but not under duress, but under the condition of a comprehensive identification of the individual's interest.

The changes observed in all spheres of public life are reflected both in the development of amateur art activity and in the development of amateurism. It is becoming more and more difficult both to engage in artistic creativity itself and to create an environment for its habitat, which causes new problems to arise. There are many reasons for this:

firstly, the unformedness of the Russian market, when the ratio of supply and demand is not balanced;

secondly, the lack of support in the form of theoretical experience in the organization of leisure activities, which gives rise to uncertainty in the actions of the leaders of club associations;

thirdly, insignificant state support for cultural institutions (and sometimes even the absence of it).

Despite all the difficulties in organizing the work of leisure institutions, the process of democratization of society has increased the manifestation of initiative among workers in the socio-cultural sphere. This was facilitated by the departure from overorganized forms of work, and the modification of the value orientation of adolescents, the desire for independent and free types of leisure, which are the main ones in the work of many cultural and leisure institutions at the present stage. Many variants of the discussion about the possible relocation of club associations to the walls of school institutions, where a large number of circle groups voluntarily exist, have become the main topic of the search for new ways to organize teenagers' leisure. But entrusting the school with all the work of organizing the leisure of schoolchildren is hardly competent, since many of them, especially in cities, suffer from a lack of premises (classes in two or three shifts), and the school atmosphere is not always conducive to free communication and involvement. most children and adolescents in the field of amateur creativity.

In the structure of the social needs of the modern urban population, the trend towards informal "yard communication" has increased. Informal groups exist everywhere, covering most teenagers. Often these groups function outside of pedagogical guidance and control, thus falling out of the sphere of out-of-school work.

One of the ways to solve this problem was in all regions of the country to intensify the activities of teenage clubs at the place of residence. In addition, with the development of teenage clubs, it became possible to unite the efforts of the school, family, public institutions and public organizations for a continuous educational process. The book “Fundamentals of Socio-Cultural Activities” gives the following definition: “Residence is a socio-cultural space surrounding the club, in which: the life of the family is carried out; time is spent; everyday life, leisure and recreation are realized (restoration of forces of teenagers and adults); there is a socio-cultural communication of residents on the basis of the exchange of social norms and cultural patterns; traditions, values and initiatives of community life are formed”

In some regions, cities of Russia, the contingent of participation of the younger generation in clubs at the place of residence is determined by small age limits - this is up to 15 years. But some youth clubs are visited by young people under 30 years old. Where the age limit is higher, sports simulators, tennis, informal communication of interests are at the service of young people. Nevertheless, there are still a number of problems everywhere in the organization of work in the place of residence. Among them are the following: an outdated regulatory framework that does not correspond to new realities; different approaches to determining the status of a youth club (a club is often regarded as an institution of additional education; a club as a cultural institution; a club as a center of youth leisure at the place of residence); the orientation of many clubs to circle-sectional work, the lack of a system for training and retraining specialists, insufficient protection of workers; poor logistical support. This position is reflected by many theorists and practitioners in the field of organizing adolescent and youth leisure.

In teenage clubs at the place of residence, a variety of effective forms of work are used that contribute to: reducing the level of deviance; activation of developing leisure of minors, youth; formation of physical culture and a healthy lifestyle among the youth.

In accordance with the existing base, the contingent of children attending the clubs, their interests and the organizing teacher, the profile of the circles working in the club, the direction of the club is also determined. However, regardless of the choice of any of the activity programs, the club should be a place for children to communicate with each other and with a teacher representing the world of adults. A direct living example and artistic training of the teacher, the head of the association, his competence in various types of art not only give rise in adolescents and young people to an internal contradiction between the existing and necessary level of their aesthetic development, but also arouse in them the need to become familiar with art.

The work of teenage clubs is built in close contact with various socio-cultural institutions. Conducted and planned studies are aimed at considering many unresolved tasks facing cultural workers:

determination of the most priority types of artistic creativity;

study of the problems of the existence of artistic creativity in the adolescent and youth environment;

revealing the role of school and out-of-school institutions in shaping the creative interests of the younger generation;

An analysis of the educational activities of amateur associations in teenage clubs in our country showed that in a short period of time the methodology for organizing and planning leisure activities has changed. The most popular are such forms of creativity that contribute to the embodiment of ideas, ideas in a specific ideological form, as well as the realization of fiction, fantasy through the individual and mass process of seeing many life phenomena. These are arts and crafts studios, sports and recreation sections, music and game programs, and much more.

The decline in interest in traditional forms of amateur circles led to the creation of conditions for the emergence of authorial types of artistic associations in order to spread the practice of craftsmen among amateur associations of children's, youth movements, the disabled and the elderly. As a result, work in many clubs has noticeably intensified and the children's leisure time has become the most interesting.

The most popular are the traditional forms of amateur associations and interest clubs, where in the process of musical and pedagogical education the individual performing abilities of the individual are formed and developed. Creative, performing abilities develop in the process of human life, so it is necessary to create such social conditions that contribute to their formation. Among the main and key problems of adolescents, one can note the organization of leisure and their support during the period of growing up. There is a need to form services of social and psychological assistance to adolescents and youth, as well as the possibility of implementing regional programs of socio-psychological, cultural and educational rehabilitation. A.I. Luchankin and A.A. Snyatsky in the textbook “Social and Club Work with Youth” write: “We need a club of professionals, we need enthusiasts of the club business - and, above all, from among the managers of the social sphere, not to mention just smart people who are able to take responsibility. In this regard, the prospect of promoting the ideology of socio-cultural work, processing the mechanisms for its implementation and testing is not only a practical, but also a methodological task. Each club is a mini-world in which there are traditions, an individual culture of communication is created, a nutritious microclimate of knowledge and creativity. Large-scale events organized by the City Center for Children and Youth can offer a variety of content and form of games, holidays, informative and enlightening conversations, meetings with interesting people. In teen clubs, the younger generation realizes its potential, here everyone compensates for certain communication problems, here socio-cultural patterns of behavior are most realistically assimilated.

The teacher of an amateur association, when leading a team or group, must master three aspects of activity that create favorable conditions for the development of the individual. This is artistic, pedagogical and organizational, without which it is impossible to captivate, satisfy the spiritual needs of a person, and also realize them. This action requires the intuition of the leader, the mutual inspiration of the teacher, individual or group, the presence of novelty in the existing forms of activity and the “life-giving stream” of originality of ideas that are not typical for these conditions. It is then that a creative atmosphere can be created.

IN Lately In Russia, interest in national traditions and holidays is noticeably increasing, in which both children and adult residents of the microdistrict take part with pleasure. Such cooperation contributes to the involvement of "unorganized" amateurs in a collective pastime and is an opportunity to transfer the skills of the older generation to the younger.

Of particular interest, both among children and adults, are traditional holidays - "Christmas gatherings", "Epiphany evenings", "Maslenitsa" and many others, held by clubs at the place of residence and taking over the baton for organizing local traditions from the Houses of Culture. Among the traditional mass holidays, one can name the "Forest Carnival" and the innovation - the forum "Culture of Peace through Children's Perception"

To stimulate the participation of the younger generation in joint pastime, it is necessary to provide cultural leisure skills, which is possible with:

providing favorable conditions for the daily stay of adolescents and youth in amateur art organizations;

creation and implementation of programs for the organization of informal communication in adolescent and youth groups, taking into account demographic data, inclinations and interests;

creation of conditions for an independent, individual contribution of the individual to the artistic and creative activities of the collective, group, for which use a variety of entertainment and business games in order to develop imagination and self-confidence;

implementation of the specific conditions for the development of each individual in identifying the internal state (questionnaires, individual conversations) and the overall development of the individual, not imposing, but captivating types and genres of artistic creativity in the field of free time;

varying the methods of education and hobbies in circles, studios, amateur associations for the individual to independently choose the types and genres of amateur art;

attracting the local population to interest clubs and amateur associations to the live action of harmony, beauty and antiquity;

organizations of amateur associations: "Dad, mom, I am a creative family", "Dad, mom, I am a sports family", "Hut of crafts", "Skillful hands workshop".

And for this you need to learn:

work with children at a close psychological distance;

organize workshops to improve skills in working with children and youth;

to involve in the children's and youth amateur movement older people who are engaged in some kind of artistic creativity at home for a joint pastime, in order to communicate and transfer the experience of mastery;

to celebrate initiative participants, as well as sponsors (television, newspaper publications, brochures from the experience of employees in the field of culture and leisure), who are actively involved in the revival of the regional culture of their region.

social leisure teenager behavior

2.3 Structure and software of the city specialized service for organizing leisure activities for schoolchildren

This course includes the following programs:

."Free time for students", the purpose of which is to create conditions for the multifaceted development and socialization of each student in their free time from school. When compiling this program, materials from the scientific and methodological journal of the deputy director of the school for educational work were used. The program consists of 7 sections. Section 1 is aimed at creating an optimal pedagogically organized space for students to spend their free time. Within the framework of the 1st section, educational and educational activities are carried out that contribute to the activation of personal and creative potential. Such events include: Sports Day, events dedicated to Knowledge Day, Victory Day, themed Saturdays (theatrical, festival, sports, game, etc.), outdoor concert shows - programs, etc. Also within this section a number of activities are being developed:

)on organizing leisure time for students in after-school groups (involving students in a network of school circles, clubs, sections; organizing thematic walks in the GPA, etc.);

)teaching children personal safety (KVN "On the streets of the city", the game "At the city crossroads", etc.);

)to provide career guidance to students (analysis of students' professional needs, organization of preparatory courses at the school, etc.).

Section 2 is aimed at carrying out organizational and managerial measures necessary for optimizing the employment of children and young students in their free time from study:

)determination of the requests of students and parents for the organization of students' leisure;

)determining the possibilities of the school to organize the life of children in their free time from school;

)carrying out work to establish and expand contacts with institutions of out-of-school education and training.

In the 3rd section, measures are taken to improve the content, forms and methods of organizing the employment of children and young students in their free time from school. This section presents the following events: holding days of museums, holding KTD on historical and local history topics, and others.

Section 4 is aimed at informational support for the employment of schoolchildren in their free time. Activities contained in this section:

)parent meetings

)decorating wall newspapers

)edition of the school newspaper

)work on the creation of the school website by students involved in computer science, etc.

Section 5. Scientific - methodological support and examination of the employment of children after school hours. This section includes activities such as:

)organizing the exchange of experience of teachers in developing scenarios for school and classroom affairs;

)individual consultations with teachers working in the afternoon;

)diagnostics of students' requests for the organization of free time, etc.

Section 6 aims to improve the level of staffing. Within the framework of the 6th section, the following activities are carried out:

)individual interviews with teachers - subject teachers and leaders of circles;

)seminars for class teachers with psychologists, social and medical workers;

)the work of class teachers on their own methodological topic: its selection and development, etc.

Section 7. Creation of the material and technical base for the organization of leisure for schoolchildren. This section includes the following activities:

)equipment assembly hall sound equipment;

)organization and equipment of the methodical office;

)equipping the gym with inventory, etc.

.The target educational program "leisure", the purpose of which is the development of a system of emotional and value ideas, the development and formation of skills and abilities, the development and formation of children's creativity. This program consists of 5 sections.

The program is aimed at artistic and aesthetic education - education through art. It is art that should act as a “protective belt” for the younger generation, protect the child from those media that spread ideas of violence, cruelty and can cause personal and psychological trauma, becoming a source of aggressive behavior in children. All types of arts form a worldview in a person, a system of emotional and value ideas about interaction with nature and society, set the person up for self-improvement, self-education and harmony in relations with nature.

The main directions of the program are: artistic and aesthetic education and organization of cultural leisure.

.Target complex program "Adolescent and the law" (see Annex 3). The objectives of this program are:

)Studying the interests and needs of students;

)Carrying out activities to identify students prone to delinquency;

)Systematic work with the list and card file of "difficult" students.

Expected results: obtaining a description of the interests, needs, inclinations of students, which will facilitate the search for interaction between the child-parent-teacher; reduction and eradication of the number of offenses registered in the PDN and intra-school records, ensuring the employment of adolescents with interesting and meaningful leisure activities throughout the year.

.Target complex program "Family". The objectives of this program are:

)Study the lifestyle of the family;

)Find out the features of family education;

)To identify the relationship between family and school;

)To identify the position of children in the system of intra-family relations.

Expected results: obtaining characteristics of the microclimate of the family, which will facilitate the search for interaction between the school and the family, which is necessary to quickly find the means of qualifying assistance; creating a priority for parenting; building a democratic system of relations between children and adults.

Conclusion

The study of the activities of cultural and leisure centers for the organization of leisure for children and youth confirms that they are currently going through a rather difficult period, which is characterized by the following negative processes:

insufficient funding;

falling interest among the population in the activities of leisure institutions;

their low attendance;

outdated or weak material base of the Houses of Culture and leisure centers.

Significant socio-cultural and socio-pedagogical resources in the formation of civil, personal qualities of children and youth are laid in the sphere of leisure, which is the dominant element of children's and youth culture. The socio-pedagogical value of leisure activity largely depends on the ability of the personality of a child or young person to self-regulate this activity.

When solving the research problems, special literature was studied and analyzed, which made it possible to consider the structure of leisure and reveal its main functions. Leisure activities in free time outside the sphere of social and domestic labor, thanks to which the individual restores his ability to work and develops in himself mainly those skills and abilities that cannot be improved in the sphere of labor activity. This activity is carried out in line with certain interests and goals that a person sets for himself.

Assimilation of cultural values, knowledge of new things, creativity, physical education and sports, travel - this is what and many other things a person can do in his free time. All these activities will indicate the level of the achieved culture of individual leisure. Thus, leisure is a part of the social time of an individual, group, or society as a whole, which is used to preserve, restore the development of a person’s physical and spiritual health, and his intellectual improvement. The culture of children's and youth leisure is characterized by such activities, which are preferred in their free time.

From the ability to direct all activities during leisure hours to achieve generally significant goals, the implementation of one's life program, the development and improvement of one's essential forces, the social well-being of a child and a young person, his satisfaction with free time largely depends.

The next problem considered was the effectiveness of organized leisure as one of the components of the socialization process.

The sphere of youth leisure has its own characteristics. The leisure of children and young people differs significantly from the leisure of other age groups due to its specific spiritual and physical needs and its inherent social and psychological characteristics. These features include increased emotional, physical mobility, dynamic mood swings, visual and intellectual susceptibility. Children and young people are attracted to everything new, unknown. The specific features of youth include the predominance of search activity in it. Thus, the task of the Houses of Culture, schools, cultural and leisure centers is the maximum implementation of developing leisure programs for children and youth, which are based on the principle of simplicity of organization, mass character, inclusion of unused groups of children and youth. Improving the organization of cultural forms of children's and youth leisure will provide it with the opportunity for informal communication, creative self-realization, spiritual development, and will contribute to the educational impact on large groups of children and youth.

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Graduate work

Improving technologies for organizing leisure activities for children and adolescents

Introduction

The current stage of development of Russian society is ambiguous and contradictory. The activity of institutions of the socio-cultural sphere, as an integral part of the social organism, takes place against the backdrop of fundamental changes in all spheres of society - from the economy to ideology. There is a change in value orientations, life goals of both individuals and society as a whole.

It is known that today the leisure of both young people and adults who grew up in large and small cities is different. It is so different that, when communicating with representatives of small towns, we catch their difference from representatives of large cities so clearly that it becomes clear that these are different people, and their leisure culture is different.

It is free time that becomes the sphere where a person communicates with art, painting, cinema, literature; playing sports, in drama circles, visiting exhibitions, theaters, museums, meeting interesting personalities.

With all the positive aspects of leisure, it can be noted that leisure is clearly subject to the state of politics, economics, ideology, education and culture. As practice shows, the leisure of the younger generation, with a relatively low culture of its use, not only does not bring the expected restoration of lost strength, the flowering of creative abilities, and the like, but, on the contrary, turns into a criminogenic factor in society.

The fragmentation of existing theoretical developments and the limited empirical material on issues related to the socializing impact of leisure on school-age children and reducing it mainly to the implementation of an educational function significantly reduces the effectiveness of practical activities in the field of leisure, which also determines the need and relevance of this study.

OBJECT of research - organization of leisure for children and teenagers.

The SUBJECT of the study is the organization of leisure for children and adolescents in the conditions of the leisure organization "Brigantina".

The PURPOSE of the study is to study the features of the organization of leisure for children and adolescents in the conditions of the leisure organization "Brigantina".

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES:

To consider the influence of the modern socio-cultural situation on the development of the personality of a teenager.

To analyze the main ways of optimizing the work of schools, cultural institutions and families in the process of organizing teenagers' leisure.

To study the features of organizing leisure activities for children and adolescents in clubs at the place of residence.

Give a brief description of the Brigantina Club.

Consider the main areas of work of the Brigantina Club.

BASE of research - leisure organization "Brigantine".

In rural areas, the task of organizing the cultural and leisure activities of adolescents, in which their many sociocultural needs are realized, and with the help of which the socialization of children of different ages takes place, is relevant. It is during adolescence that the main structures of the personality are formed, the qualitative characteristics of which largely depend on the development of the environment. The most difficult process of socialization occurs in adolescence, as there are great changes in the body and in consciousness. There is a wide variety of relationships - friendship, enmity, love and others. A teenager is strongly influenced by micro and macro environments, as well as various social institutions.

The socialization of a teenager is the subjective formation of a personality based on the assimilation of sociocultural values, inclusion in socially significant activities, the result of which is social competence: knowledge, skills, abilities and abilities that are formed in the process of socialization and allow a person to quickly and adequately adapt in society and effectively interact with social environment.

The world needs an independent person. A dependent person is dangerous to the world. In the conditions of the dizzying speed of technological achievements, the often changing political and social situation, a person who considers these changes as a tragedy goes into borderline relations with the world. To avoid this, the child needs to be helped to dynamically navigate in a rapidly changing world, to build relationships with other people within the framework of a civilized dialogue.

Diverse cultural and leisure activities of the KFOR in the village. Atrachi Tyukalinsky district of the Omsk region can, in our opinion, be a means of socializing the personality of adolescents, since most often, it is in the sphere of leisure that adolescents act as free individuals.

The problem of leisure pastime of adolescents is dynamic and controversial. A large amount of unorganized free time of adolescents and the inability to manage it often leads children to social problems. The problem of organizing cultural and leisure activities of adolescents in rural areas deserves close attention just because a person who knows how to spend his leisure time with benefit and interest where there are few institutions in the relevant field of activity, not only develops his own personality, but also contributes to the formation of cultural competence of specialists. - leisure sphere.

The object of the course work is the process of socialization of adolescents in rural areas.

The subject is cultural and leisure activities as a means of socialization of adolescents of the creative association "Brigantine" of the Atrachinsk SDK.

Purpose: the impact of cultural and leisure activities on the process of socialization of adolescents.

· Describe the concept of "Cultural and leisure activities."

· To reveal the features of cultural and leisure activities of adolescents in rural areas.

· to diagnose the socialization of adolescents;

· develop and implement a complex of cultural and leisure activities aimed at increasing the level of socialization of adolescents.

In the course of our study, we used theoretical and empirical methods:

literature analysis;

study of documents;

observation

questioning

quantitative and qualitative processing of results

Research base: CDK p. Atrachi, Tyukalinsky district, Omsk region

1.Technology of organization of leisure for children and adolescents

1.1 The influence of the modern socio-cultural situation on the development of the personality of a teenager

teenager sociocultural family

Until recently, in the history of human development, the change of equipment, material and spiritual values was much slower than the change of generations of people. The child was brought up and trained in accordance with the requirements of the existing social environment and political setting. The transfer of experience in the process of upbringing from the older to the younger, their creation “in their own image and likeness” was natural and expedient, since the social system in which the child was to live, with minor changes, resembled the social environment in which his parents lived.

The current situation indicates a rapid change in working conditions, public attitudes and beliefs. Many personal qualities and priority values are being reviewed. Therefore, educational work should be evaluated not so much by how fully the educators managed to convey their knowledge and convictions to the young, but by whether they were able to prepare them to act and make decisions independently.

In order to live and work successfully in the extremely mobile and dynamic society of the near future, the individual must possess two oppositely directed series of qualities. On the one hand, you need to be a person, have a stable worldview, social and moral convictions, otherwise, at every sharp turn in history, in a difficult life situation, a person will, figuratively speaking, disintegrate into its constituent parts or react with neuroses. On the other hand, high psychological lability, flexibility, the ability to assimilate and process new information and create something new are necessary not only in youth, but also at an age when we are used to making do with old baggage. Without this, the individual will lag behind the course of history.

The formation of certain personality traits, attitudes and beliefs is especially important during adolescence. At this age, the socialization of a person takes place, the awareness of oneself as a member of a certain culture, political system. The search for life values and orientation to them in their actions, the development of personal qualities in accordance with them determines the position of the child in this society.

Consider the factors influencing the formation of a modern teenager. I.S. Kohn highlights several most important institutions socialization early youth: family of origin, school, peer society and mass media. It is advisable to add the influence of out-of-school institutions of leisure activities.

I.S. Kohn notes that there is practically no social or psychological aspect of adolescent behavior that does not depend on their family conditions in the present or past.

Unfortunately, in our country, the attitude of parents towards a child is determined depending on the extent to which the child fulfills the requirements of the parents. If a teenager does not study well at school, then, as a rule, he is treated in the family as a loser, rarely praised, thereby causing severe psychological trauma.

In addition, the alienation of childhood from the world of adults in general seems to be psychologically dangerous. The child became, as it were, a stranger, unnecessary. We have a serious lack of attention, respect for the child, including from close people. Today, children are close, but not within the family. Parents are concerned about how to feed and clothe the child, and his problems, worries, inner world remain inaccessible to them.

Adults do not have the time and desire to figure out what and how their child lives. But adolescence, like no other, requires a special attitude, understanding. With unrealized communication, many children have a feeling of loneliness, reaching despair, cynicism grows, respect for the most important human values is lost.

The second most important factor influencing the development of modern adolescents is the school. The word “school” refers not only to a purposeful educational process, but also to the whole set of relations between teachers and students and the relationship of students with each other.

As D.I. Feldshtein, “Historically, the main focus of our school's activities is on learning, acquiring knowledge, and upbringing is still, in fact, a by-product of learning. This state of affairs is due to many reasons. First, the general situation that has developed in society, when social indifference, alienation from social values, and an uncritical attitude to reality have become the norm. Secondly, the attitudes in the field of education, when the formation of self-esteem in students, a sense of their own importance, in fact, was replaced by the education of obedience. Thirdly, the principles and methods of the educational process itself, where there is a well-established system of rewards and punishments, which forms not adherence to principles, independence and responsibility, but opportunism.

Moreover, the students themselves do not decide anything at school. In educational institutions such conditions are created under which children are not required to show responsibility, but such qualities as dependency, passivity are developed, the child takes the position of a consumer.

Unfortunately, our school does not prepare children for real life at all. They are not included in various spheres of society's activity, they are not involved in the discussion of the problems that adults live with: environmental, economic, socio-political.

Neither the parents nor the school fully satisfy the needs of the child for personal communication, which is necessary in the complex world of relationships between people. Children, especially at a transitional age, are often concerned about issues of personal significance, relationships between the sexes, problems of a moral and ethical nature. At this moment, it is important to have an older comrade who could help the teenager in choosing life positions, his self-determination.

In adolescence, peer society is perhaps the most significant factor influencing development, sometimes exceeding the influence of teachers and parents. The need to communicate with peers arises very early and intensifies by adolescence. Lack of communication with peers negatively affects the development communication skills children. I.S. Kohn identifies several reasons for the enormous influence of this factor.

At present, the communication of adolescents often takes ugly forms. The lack of an elementary culture of communication, all kinds of complexes and the inability to cope with them, the desire to assert themselves, to gain recognition by any known means, often pushes teenagers onto the path of an unhealthy lifestyle, criminal behavior, the path of conflicts and stress.

This is partly the fault of the state of modern society. For several years of "shifting" from one extreme to another, the old ideals and principles have been distorted or simply forgotten, and the new ones have not yet been established. Many moral qualities, such as honesty and decency, seem to have been leveled in modern society. The new social policy itself was undecided in its ideals.

Psychologists note that modern teenagers are more cruel and cynical. Our teenagers really lack humanity and humanity in their relationship to each other. The media force them to look at life from a selfish point of view, from the position of "have" and not "be". The quality of life is measured by them by the number of acquired things, and not by spiritual values. Modern teenagers learn the rules of intersexual relations very early, but only in their primitive version. The fruits of these relationships then replenish the children's homes and boarding schools.

The mass media, designed to enrich the spiritual world of man, in our country seem to have forgotten about their main purpose. Of the three main functions: cultural, educational, informational and entertaining, assigned to it, the first of them is given the least importance.

D.N. Kondratyev, after analyzing the programs broadcast by modern television on the main channels, came to the conclusion that our teenagers have practically nothing to watch. These are either entertainment programs that have practically no educational value, or old films that have largely lost their relevance and, therefore, are not able to serve as a guide in modern life. Either these are adult-oriented programs with a weak emotional coloring. From this follows the conclusion already made earlier - modern teenagers are cut off from society.

Education in the era of the scientific and technological revolution should be, above all, the education of independence, creative initiative and social responsibility, which are inseparable from each other. independent, creative personality forms only independent creative activity. An opportunity for such activities can be provided by educational institutions in the leisure sector.

To optimize the process of family interaction, and institutions of the socio-cultural sphere in the formation of a culture of leisure of the younger generation, it is necessary to fully include the family in the educational system. This is not an easy matter, because now the ideas of folk pedagogy, care for education, born of folk wisdom, are almost lost, and the knowledge of the basics of the theory of modern education by parents is small and unsystematic.

formation of a harmoniously developed personality:

moral, aesthetic and physical improvement of adolescents;

Satisfaction of spiritual needs of teenagers and development of their creative abilities.

Currently, there are a large number of out-of-school institutions (studios, clubs for young technicians, stations for young tourists, etc.) that focus only on children, while cultural and leisure centers hold events mainly for young people and adults. Theaters put on performances either for children or for adults. This is hardly socially and pedagogically justified in modern conditions. The efforts of cultural institutions should be directed, first of all, to the family as a team, to the organization of joint socially oriented leisure activities of parents and children - this is one of the necessary conditions for optimizing such work.

Forms of work of institutions of the socio-cultural sphere with the family can be very diverse. So, for example, in teenage clubs in many cities of Russia, family holidays, family evenings have become traditional, individual forms are enriched with new content, based on the interests of the family. The organization of traditional forms of family leisure in the Russian folk style has become widespread: youthful games, fairs, Russian gatherings, circles of applied art for children and adults - “Skillful Hands”, fine arts, folklore ensembles and orchestras of folk instruments. Family communication clubs, interest clubs, puppet and actor theaters, libraries and other centers should contribute to the solution of the problem of the lack of communication between parents and children. In the leisure time of children, such programs as "Adults and Children" have been developed.

moral and spiritual revival of the family;

socio-psychological rehabilitation of the family;

personal rehabilitation of adolescents;

updating the approach to organizing joint leisure activities for adults and children;

formation of a healthy lifestyle.

The value of cultural and leisure forms of work with the family lies in the fact that they actively include such communication mechanisms as: children and children, family - children, family - family, children - adolescents - adults. These contacts give the process of communication a special attraction and sincerity. The opportunity to communicate with adults together with children creates a favorable psychological microclimate in the family and strengthens its foundations.

The effectiveness of the use of the social potential of the family to a large extent depends on the level of pedagogical culture of the parents. The efforts of the school, social services, club institutions, libraries and other centers contribute to its increase. Today, the idea of combining the efforts of all socio-cultural institutions in the pedagogical education of parents remains pedagogically justified. It is necessary to create psychological assistance services not only for adolescents, but also for families. School teachers, social educators, preschool teachers, psychologists, doctors, lawyers, employees of out-of-school institutions, teachers and university students can be involved in their work.

In the organization of leisure, it is necessary to use those forms of work that are most popular with the population and in which there is a need. The challenge is to channel these forms of communication into socially valuable channels that promote culture. We need to think about how to do this in each club specifically, taking into account the traditions, customs, habits characteristic of the area.

1.2 Psychological characteristics of adolescence

Teenagers, due to their age-related psychological characteristics, are ready to perceive everything new and unknown, without thinking about the consequences. At the same time, they are still ideologically unstable, it is easier to introduce both a positive and a negative image into their minds. When there is no positive alternative, the ideological vacuum is quickly filled with drugs, smoking, alcoholism and other bad habits. That is why the main task of the governing bodies and cultural institutions should be the organization of leisure activities for children and adolescents, the improvement and expansion of the cultural services provided, taking into account the leisure preferences of this category of the population.

Rural populations are distinguished by the history of their individual life and perform so many different functions that it seems no longer so self-evident to make any one function more essential. Instead, the people in the village are recognized as individuals. They manifest themselves in their character, and not in individual roles. Roles are not fixed, they can be performed by different persons and performers can be calculated. Characters are also quantifiable, but they cannot be rented. They belong to a very specific individual, a very specific personality.

Life in a village association has a certain similarity with the life of a family. At the same time, elements of both traditional and modern families are combined in a completely new form. Life in the village is similar to a traditional family in that a large number of its members are connected by common ties. Family associations are quite large, and each village can be considered an even greater unity of branched family ties. So, for example, small holidays take place in individual houses, while large ones are open to all residents of the village. The birth of a child is of universal interest, and baptism is such a great social event that the whole village is invited to the celebration. The same applies to weddings and funerals. In the villages family life does not hide: all residents take part in it.

The social environment of the village acts as a unifying principle for all its inhabitants, including children, who are most susceptible to its spontaneous influence. At the same time, the qualitative characterization of rural cultural institutions (clubs, libraries, film installations), the entire atmosphere of cultural life reveals an ever greater significant lag in the countryside. Understanding the limited (in comparison with the city) "range" of cultural institutions in the village gives rise to a certain dissatisfaction among rural residents with cultural, educational and consumer services.

Cultural Center is a complex that unites all the main cultural and educational institutions serving the population at their place of residence.

The problem of formation and satisfaction of cultural needs is especially acute for rural cultural institutions. Many needs can be met through the interaction of various cultural institutions, for example, a library and a club, a school and a club, a club and sports organizations. Cultural institutions are a kind of leisure centers.

The younger generation, who grew up and lives in rural areas, has socio-psychological characteristics.

1.3 Features of the organization of free time and leisure of adolescents in rural areas

An extensive analysis of the scientific and pedagogical literature and mass practice of content-filled leisure of adolescents allows us to identify activities that ensure the effectiveness of working with children in the field of free time, since most domestic and foreign scientists directly associate free time with activities, defining it as leisure time and creative knowledge outside of production (in our case, outside of schooling), used to satisfy needs and develop human abilities on an independent basis.

Based on a wide range of views of domestic and foreign researchers on the content of leisure and the structure of activities in it, on a deep and lengthy analysis of the types of activities that exist in the structure of the content of free time, which have their own specific and specific content, it is advisable to single out the following types of activities:

educational;

Cultural - leisure;

Labor;

Sports - recreational;

Scientific research;

Communicative;

gaming

It should be noted that the majority of foreign and domestic scientists in the structure of the activities of each individual distinguish 4 main types: study, work, play, communication.

An analysis of the meaningful employment of children's free time in the mass practice of the activities of institutions of additional education for children showed that the most significant specific gravity in the organization of their free time is occupied by educational activities. It is defined as a free activity, not regulated by state compulsory education, based on personal interests, voluntariness, initiative and independence of the children themselves, ensuring the satisfaction of a wide range of their various individual needs and interests, based on a rich arsenal of means, forms and methods of acquiring knowledge, skills and skills sufficient to achieve success in life, allowing you to deepen, supplement and develop the information and knowledge gained in a comprehensive school.

One of the main types of meaningful content of children's leisure is cultural - leisureactivity - the sphere of self-expression and self-realization of the individual, his potential desires and opportunities, which allows you to include this very type of activity in the framework of time, free from social or other coercion.

In cultural and leisure activities, adolescents get acquainted with art, nature, labor, norms and rules of interpersonal communication, moral and aesthetic values. As you know, deviant behavior of adolescents is a consequence of a violation of the process of socialization. And its correction is possible only through the involvement of adolescents in the sphere of leisure activities, since here adolescents are more open to the influence and interaction of various social institutions on them, which allows them to influence their moral character and worldview with maximum efficiency.

Organizational forms of work with adolescents should be aimed at developing their cognitive processes and abilities. It is important to note that the adolescent period of development is characterized by significant changes in all aspects of the personality - the psyche, physiology, relationships, when the adolescent subjectively enters into a relationship with the adult world. In this regard, only a differentiated approach in the choice of certain forms can ensure the effectiveness of their impact. One of these forms - artisticform. Includes messages about the most active events, which are grouped according to the degree of importance and are presented figuratively with the help of emotional means of influence.

This form includes mass performances, evenings of rest, show performances, spectacles, literary evenings, creative meetings with famous people.

educationalforms include lectures, conversations, disputes, discussions. A teenager learns not only something new, but also learns to form his own point of view.

So, for example, in adolescence, the child is very concerned about the problems of sexual development, and in connection with this, lectures and discussions on this topic will arouse great interest.

In the practice of leisure activities, there is such a form as educational and entertaining.

It is of great importance for adolescence. It is during this period that the nature of gaming activity changes, one can say that the game loses its “fabulousness”, “mystery”. The cognitive significance of the game comes to the fore.

A great effect is given by forms borrowed from the television screen, for example, educational - entertaininggames "Bray - ring", "What? Where? When".

Teenagers are most interested in such a form of leisure organization as a disco club. There are two types of disco - educational(disco - club) and dance and entertainment(disco - dance floor). If in the first case a clear goal is pursued, which is accompanied by some kind of theme, then the second has no goal. So, the creation of a disco club contributes to the development of musical taste.

One of the extremely important types of free time employment for children in modern conditions is becoming sports and recreationactivities due to the fact that the state of their health in Russia is of particular concern. The formation of a healthy lifestyle, including a rationally constructed mode of study, rest, physical exercises combined in an optimal mode, proper nutrition, hardening, hygienic and psychophysical measures should become an integral element of the activity of each of the social institutions.

In the structure of teenagers' free time, a rather specific type of activity is gameactivity, which in terms of content is considered in terms of the emotional and moral expression of the attitude of the individual to the events taking place, including to himself. The game type of activity in terms of content involves mastering the experience of the behavior of a socially active person.

It is in this regard that the role of play activity in the sphere of free time and leisure of adolescents is extremely large, since it is organically included in the general system of activity education in the field of free time. It blends well with other activities, often compensating for what they don't provide. Education, cultural leisure, sports, work, play, communication mutually penetrate each other and constitute the content side of the lifestyle of children and adolescents and their creative development in the field of free time and leisure.

Among the mass of organizations involved in the organization of youth leisure, the leading place is occupied by cultural institutions. As practice shows, the actual activities of cultural institutions for the prevention of various asocial phenomena, including crime, are much broader, more diverse and deeper. Almost all categories of the population are involved in it, although, undoubtedly, children, adolescents and youth are singled out as priorities.

Competent organization of leisure employment and education by means of culture and art is considered today as an alternativeteenage neglect, which is one of the prerequisites for committing illegal acts, as one of the components of a large work on primaryprevention of this asocial phenomenon.

It is in this connection that the main task of the governing bodies and cultural institutions should be the organization of leisure activities for children and adolescents, the improvement and expansion of the list of cultural services provided, taking into account the leisure preferences of this category of the population.

Creating a positive, attractive image of a cultural institution will attract more children and adolescents to its walls, which will create a certain alternative to idle pastime, which is one of the prerequisites for committing crimes. This is especially true for adolescents in rural areas, where the cultural level of the population is much inferior to the same level of the urban population. In rural areas and villages, adolescents sometimes have no one to follow an example from, they do not know how to spend their free time usefully.

The issues of organizing leisure activities for children and adolescents are of particular relevance during the holidays, when children have more free time. Adolescents, whose rest is not organized, require closer attention.

Projects and activities carried out within the walls of cultural institutions and aimed at solving these problems should be an integral part of those developed and implemented on the territory municipalities targeted programs for the organization of recreation and leisure activities for children and adolescents in the summer.

The main forms of organizing leisure activities for adolescents and their cultural services in the summer can be:

organization of work of children's health camps on the basis of cultural and leisure institutions

cultural services for urban and suburban children's health camps, playgrounds (concert, intellectual, educational, competitive, game, entertainment programs, theatrical performances, holidays, film screenings, etc.)

Conducting cultural and leisure activities and organizing film screenings for unorganized children and adolescents

holding Days of the Teenager (with the organization of legal and psychological consultations, meetings on career guidance, etc.)

Attracting children and adolescents to club associations and amateur groups folk art

organization of touring activities of groups of amateur folk art

Conducting creative shifts for members of amateur folk art groups and gifted children (“theatrical shifts”, “folklore holidays”, etc.)

participation in the organization and holding of events for the employment of adolescents (“Job Fairs”)

organization of youth actions for the improvement of the city (village), cultural institutions.

One of the options for organizing summer holidays for children and adolescents is the organization of summer camps on the basis of a club institution. The basis of such camps can be a temporary children's association, which must be turned into a temporary children's team. It is possible to create several specialized associations that will unite

teenagers fascinated by one idea. The following areas of activity can be most effective: search, sports, labor, merciful and charitable, aesthetic, etc. The activity of such an association can be most effective if it consists of children of different ages. The advantages of such associations are the following factors:

direct transfer of experience of seniors to juniors, where the juniors borrow a manner of behavior, acquire skills and abilities in a specific joint activity;

the opportunity for everyone to open up as a person around an attractive idea, an interesting business;

satisfaction of age needs: for the younger ones - to have an "example", to be like him; for seniors - to establish themselves in the role of leader;

cooperation between elders and younger greatly enriches the attitude of children in such associations, a respectful attitude towards both elders and younger is certainly brought up;

wide social ties, excluding the danger of isolation, isolation from other groups.

In organizing summer recreation for children and adolescents, the experience of summer health camps and camps based on general education schools can be used.

In addition to the above general fundamental approaches to determining the strategy of activity, the role and place of government bodies and cultural institutions in the system of preventive work, there are very specific areas of activity for the prevention of offenses using the resources of cultural institutions.

First of all, it is the implementation of projects and cultural eventsdirectly aimed at educating legal culture of the younger generation, on the formation of positive attitudes and cultural stereotypes that will help adolescents and young people to adapt more easily in the adult world. When holding events, it is very important to take into account the psychological characteristics of adolescents and young people, to avoid didactics and the principle of prohibition as much as possible. Instead of “you can’t” (you can’t commit crimes, use drugs, drink, smoke, etc.), it’s better to say “you can” - you can be creative, read, sing, draw, play the guitar, dance rap, etc. And then your life will become interesting, eventful and there will be practically no time left for empty pastime.

The disco is still the most popular and demanded form of organizing youth leisure.

The disco is able to synthesize in itself the most diverse types of artistic creativity, amateur hobbies. Absorbing the spirit of the new time, it creates excellent opportunities for the manifestation of creative activity, the expansion of various knowledge and interests. Despite the fact that the combination of informative and exciting in the disco is limited due to the specifics of this form of work, it still allows young people to realize the need for a full-fledged meaningful rest and entertainment. After all, the disco is based on the communication of young people through youth music, despite the fact that the musical hobbies of young people of one generation are very diverse. It is at the disco that a diverse youth audience with a wide range of orientations and requirements gathers. And it is known that visits to disco evenings exceed the number of visits to other types of club events. In this regard, the issues of organizing and improving youth musical leisure are very relevant. This primarily applies to discos in small towns and villages. The level of the material base on the periphery is not very high. This is the essential difference between major city with a huge number of private disco clubs and small towns and villages with their discos.

The development of discos attracts the attention of a wide range of sociologists, psychologists, and musicologists. Obviously, a significant amount of musical information, the influence of television, audio, video programs, the variability of the palette of musical hobbies of young people - all this requires special study at the present stage, constant attention from the organizers of disco programs and constant reflection on their personal experience. After all, the requirements of young people to the work of discos are increasing from year to year.

In the light of the problem under consideration, libraries play an important role as institutions that carry out outreachon the formation of a legal culture among the younger generation, a negative personal attitude towards the commission of unlawful acts. Libraries are characterized by such a form of work with teenagers as various thematic evenings (an ideologically and plot-organized chain of oral presentations, images, united by a script and a director's move). The specifics of the theme evening: the general interests of the audience, the festive situation, entertainment, theatricalization, game situation, a clear and close topic, understanding the depth of content and then active participation-creativity, the use of information-logical and emotional-figurative moments, strict compositional sequence, connection with a significant date in the life of society, or an individual team, person, documentary basis, local material, the presence of a real hero.

The most common genres of themed evenings are: evening meeting, evening portrait, evening meeting, evening ritual, evening reporting, evening story, evening interview, evening dialogue, etc. .

So, the forms of cultural and leisure activities that have developed today are aimed, first of all, at the spiritual development of the personality of a teenager, built on the relationship with the social environment and society as a whole. Houses, Palaces of Culture and Leisure Centers are traditionally considered the main places of leisure for young people. Young people prefer to gather in yards, in apartments, on green areas, in the entrances of houses and places of residence.

The adult population, for the most part, falls out of sight of cultural and leisure institutions and spends their free family time at home.

In recent years, in many regions of Russia, the development of cultural and leisure activities has a variable character.

* firstly, the lack of formation of the Russian market, when the ratio of supply and demand is not balanced;

* secondly, the lack of support in the form of theoretical experience in the organization of leisure forms, which gives rise to uncertainty in the actions of the leaders of club associations;

* thirdly, insignificant state support for cultural institutions (and sometimes even the absence of it). 3. "Organization and methodology of club work" // Editor E.Ya. Zaresky, Ed. "Enlightenment" 1995.

Despite all the difficulties in organizing the work of leisure institutions, the process of democratization of society has increased the manifestation of initiative among workers in the socio-cultural sphere. This was facilitated by the departure from overorganized forms of work, and the modification of the value orientation of adolescents, the desire for independent and free types of leisure, which are the main ones in the work of many cultural and leisure institutions at the present stage. Many variants of the discussion about the possible relocation of club associations to the walls of school institutions, where a large number of circle groups voluntarily exist, have become the main topic of the search for new ways to organize teenagers' leisure. But entrusting the school with all the work of organizing the leisure of schoolchildren is hardly competent, since many of them, especially in cities, suffer from a lack of premises (classes in two or three shifts), and the school atmosphere does not always conducive to free communication and involvement of the greatest number of students. children and adolescents in the field of amateur creativity.

One of the ways to solve this problem was in all regions of the country to intensify the activities of teenage clubs at the place of residence. In addition, with the development of teenage clubs, it became possible to unite the efforts of the school, family, state institutions and public organizations for a continuous educational process. The book “Fundamentals of Socio-Cultural Activities” gives the following definition: “Residence is a socio-cultural space surrounding the club, in which: the life of the family is carried out; time is spent; everyday life, leisure and recreation are realized (restoration of forces of teenagers and adults); there is a socio-cultural communication of residents on the basis of the exchange of social norms and cultural patterns; traditions, values and initiatives of community life are formed”

The work of teenage clubs is built in close contact with various socio-cultural institutions. Conducted and planned studies are aimed at considering many unresolved tasks facing cultural workers:

* determination of the most priority types of artistic creativity;

* study of the problems of the existence of artistic creativity in the teenage and youth environment;

* revealing the role of school and out-of-school institutions in shaping the creative interests of the younger generation;

The most popular are the traditional forms of amateur associations and interest clubs, where in the process of musical and pedagogical education the individual performing abilities of the individual are formed and developed. Creative, performing abilities develop in the process of human life, so it is necessary to create such social conditions that contribute to their formation. Among the main and key problems of adolescents, one can note the organization of leisure and their support during the period of growing up. There is a need to form services of socio-psychological assistance to adolescents and youth, as well as the possibility of implementing regional programs of socio-psychological, cultural and educational rehabilitation. A.I. Luchankin and A.A. Snyatsky in the textbook “Social and Club Work with Youth” write: “We need a club of professionals, we need enthusiasts of the club business - and, above all, from among the managers of the social sphere, not to mention just smart people who are able to take responsibility. In this regard, the prospect of promoting the ideology of socio-cultural work, processing the mechanisms for its implementation and testing is not only a practical, but also a methodological task. Each club is a mini-world in which there are traditions, an individual culture of communication is created, a nutritious microclimate of knowledge and creativity. Large-scale events organized by the City Center for Children and Youth can offer a variety of content and form of games, holidays, informative and enlightening conversations, meetings with interesting people. In teen clubs, the younger generation realizes its potential, here everyone compensates for certain communication problems, here socio-cultural patterns of behavior are most realistically assimilated.

Recently, in Russia, interest in national traditions and holidays has noticeably increased, in which both children and adult residents of the microdistrict take part with pleasure. Such cooperation contributes to the involvement of "unorganized" amateurs in a collective pastime and is an opportunity to transfer the skills of the older generation to the younger.

To stimulate the participation of the younger generation in joint pastime, it is necessary to provide cultural leisure skills, which is possible with:

* providing favorable conditions for the daily stay of adolescents and youth in amateur art organizations;

* creation and implementation of programs for the organization of informal communication in adolescent and youth groups, taking into account demographic data, inclinations and interests;

* creating conditions for an independent, individual contribution of the individual to the artistic and creative activities of the collective, group, for which use a variety of entertainment and business games in order to develop imagination and self-confidence;

* the implementation of the specific conditions for the development of each individual in identifying the internal state (questionnaires, individual conversations) and the overall development of the individual, not imposing, but captivating types and genres of artistic creativity in the field of free time;

* varying the methods of education and hobbies in circles, studios, amateur associations for the individual to independently choose the types and genres of amateur art;

* attraction of the local population to interest clubs and amateur associations to the live action of harmony, beauty and antiquity;

* organizations of amateur associations: "Dad, mom, I am a creative family", "Dad, mom, I am a sports family", "Hut of crafts", "Skillful hands workshop".

And for this you need to learn:

* work with children at a close psychological distance;

* organize workshops to improve skills in working with children and youth;

* to involve in the children's and youth amateur movement older people who are engaged in some kind of artistic creativity at home for joint pastime, in order to communicate and transfer the experience of mastery;

* celebrate initiative participants, as well as sponsors (television, newspaper publications, brochures from the experience of employees in the field of culture and leisure), who are actively involved in the revival of the regional culture of their region.

Thus, the above recommendations are aimed at creating unified system organization of amateur movement at the place of residence. All this suggests that teenage clubs at the place of residence are the ground for self-expression, development and identification of the creative abilities of the individual, where momentary desires are realized, new talent is born, an atmosphere is formed for the development of amateurism, home unorganized creativity. This is a coordinating link in the system of socialization of adolescents and youth with the involvement of the adult population in the process of education, where, subject to a variety of activities, there is a parallel activation of the sphere of communication through hobby groups. It is here that the educational effect of pedagogical influence is manifested by means of art, with the help of which the spiritual and creative qualities of any visitor and club member are revealed.

.4 Features of adolescence

Adolescence is the most difficult and complex of all childhood ages, which is a period of personality formation. At the same time, this is the most crucial period, since the foundations of morality are formed here, social attitudes, attitudes towards oneself, towards people, towards society are formed. In addition, at this age, character traits and the main forms of interpersonal behavior are stabilized. The main motivational lines of this age period, associated with an active desire for personal self-improvement, are self-knowledge, self-expression and self-affirmation.

In adolescence, all cognitive processes, without exception, reach a very high level of development. In the same years, the absolute majority of the vital personal and business qualities of a person are openly manifested. For example, direct, mechanical memory reaches the highest level of its development in childhood, forming, together with sufficiently developed thinking, the prerequisites for the further development and improvement of logical, semantic memory. Speech becomes highly developed, varied and rich, thinking is represented in all its main forms: visual-effective, visual-figurative and verbal-logical. All these processes acquire arbitrariness and verbal mediation. In adolescents, they already function on the basis of the formed inner speech. It becomes possible for a teenager to learn various types of practical and mental (intellectual) activities, moreover, using a variety of techniques and teaching aids. General and special abilities are formed and developed, including those necessary for future professional activities

The teenage period has many contradictions and conflicts characteristic of this particular age. On the one hand, the intellectual development of adolescents, which they demonstrate when solving various problems related to school subjects and other matters, encourages adults to discuss quite serious problems with them, and adolescents themselves are actively striving for this. On the other hand, when discussing issues, especially those related to future profession, ethics of behavior, responsible attitude to their duties, the amazing infantilism of these people, outwardly looking almost adults, is revealed. .

The features of the manifestations of adolescence are determined by specific social circumstances, and, above all, by the change in the place of the child in society, when the adolescent subjectively enters into new relationships with the world of adults, which constitutes a new content of his consciousness, forming such a psychological neoplasm of this age as self-consciousness.

According to the well-known teenage expert I.S. Kohn “A characteristic feature of self-consciousness is the manifestation in a teenager of the ability and need to know himself as a person, with its specific qualities. This gives rise to a teenager's desire for self-affirmation, self-expression and self-development. This is facilitated by the new circumstances that distinguish the way of life of a teenager from the way of life of children of primary school age. First of all, these are increased demands on the teenager from adults, comrades, public opinion which ?s? determined not so much by the success of the student in learning, but by many other features of his personality, views, abilities, character, ability to comply with the "code of morality" adopted among adolescents, all this gives rise to motives that prompt the teenager to turn to an analysis of himself and to compare himself with others . So, value orientations are gradually formed in him, relatively stable patterns of behavior are formed, which, unlike the patterns of children of primary school age, are presented not so much as the image of a particular person, but in certain requirements that adolescents place on people and on themselves. » .

In adolescence, there is a well-known "jump" in the psychophysiological development of the individual.

The appearance of the first signs of puberty (in boys at 12-13 years old, in girls at 10-12 years old) entails a restriction in blood supply, which affects not only the work of muscles, but also other organs, including the brain. Thus, adolescents of this age are characterized by a decrease in motor activity and general endurance, their intellectual activity is temporarily reduced.

In the future, at the third stage of pubertal development (13-15 years for boys and 12-14 years for girls), the volumetric blood flow rate increases and, accordingly, there is a slight increase in physical and intellectual capabilities.

At the same time, the skin temperature rises markedly, especially in the extremities. At the same time, due to the expansion of skin vessels, the possibilities of physical thermoregulation are reduced, which leads to an increase in colds.

Characteristic of a teenager at this stage of adaptation, categorical judgments, the desire, by all means, to seem like an adult, while flaunting his imaginary independence, only emphasizes the marginal nature of the adolescent stage of socialization. The abrupt changes that occur during this period in the body and psyche of a teenager make him irritable and easily vulnerable. He is trying to form his own system of views on the world, but much of it has not been fully thought out, based only on random observations, and the teenager quite easily changes his views, either under the influence of new impressions, or in the course of further deeper understanding.

Adolescents at this time are characterized by impulsiveness, emotionality, sensitivity, negativism, a critical mindset, maximalism, daydreaming.

In adolescence, the scope of the child's activity expands significantly, and its character changes qualitatively. Significant changes are taking place in the intellectual activity of children. There is a growing desire to engage in complex, creative activities, such as evaluating works of art, discounting on a book read, etc.

By adolescence, a person has a fairly mature mindset, the ability to analyze certain phenomena of reality, the ability to understand their complex inconsistency. Adolescents seek to understand the logic of phenomena, refuse to take anything for granted, require a system of evidence. The main feature of the intellectual activity of a 10-16-year-old teenager is the ability to abstract thinking that grows every year. With the activation of the abstract thinking of adolescents, the visual components of thinking do not regress, do not disappear, but remain and develop, continuing to play a significant role in the overall structure of thinking. An important feature This age is the formation of active, independent, creative thinking of children.

The attention of a teenager is characterized not only by a large volume and stability, but also by a specific selectivity. At this time, deliberate attention develops. Perception also becomes selective, purposeful, analyzing. With a significant tendency towards the romantic, the imagination of adolescents becomes more realistic and critical. They more soberly assess their capabilities.

In connection with learning, maturation, the accumulation of life experience and, consequently, advancement in general, psychological development in children, by the beginning of adolescence, new, broader interests are formed, various hobbies arise and there is a desire to take a different, more independent position.

“With the entry of a child into a new age phase - adolescence - his social position at school, family, on the street changes significantly. He learns new disciplines, in the family he is assigned more complex and responsible responsibilities, he no longer plays "these children's games with the kids", but seeks to cling to the youthful "party". That is, he is no longer a child, but not yet an adult.

At this age, a temporary psychological separation of a teenager from the family and school takes place / their importance in the development of the personality of a teenager decreases, while the influence of peers increases. Often he is faced with a choice between an official team and an informal communication group. A teenager gives preference to the environment and group in which he feels comfortable, where he is treated with respect. It can be a sports section, and a technical circle, but it can also be the basement of a house where teenagers gather, chat, smoke, drink, etc. .

As a rule, at this age, adolescents have problems with adults, in particular with their parents. Parents continue to look at their child as if they are small, and he is trying to break out of this guardianship. In this regard, relationships with adults are usually characterized by increased conflict, increased criticism of the opinions of adults, but the opinion of peers becomes more significant. The nature of relations with elders is changing: from a position of subordination, a teenager tries to move into a position of equality. At the same time, the nature of relationships with peers also changes, there is a need for communication with the aim of self-affirmation, which, under adverse conditions, can lead to various forms of deviant behavior; increased interest in the intimate life of a person, which can lead to asocial violations of the sexual life of a teenager.

A teenager develops a sense of adulthood, which manifests itself through the desire for independence and independence, a protest against the desire of adults to “teach” him. A teenager at this age often chooses for himself an idol (the hero of a film, a strong adult, a hero of a program, an outstanding athlete, etc.), whom he tries to imitate: his appearance, demeanor. Appearance for a teenager is very important.

An unusual hairstyle, earrings, or even two or three in the ears, torn jeans, bright cosmetics and other attributes give the teenager the opportunity to separate himself from others, to establish himself in a group of children.

The interests of a teenager change significantly compared to a child younger age. Along with curiosity and the desire for creative activity, he is characterized by scattered and unstable interests.

For adolescents, the opinion and assessment of peers is of great importance, and at the same time, in the adolescent environment there is a kind of behavioral charter, in which the priority belongs to the manifestation of will. It is in this regard that adolescence is sensitive for the formation of a strong will, in particular such traits as purposefulness, independence, endurance, determination, courage, initiative, endurance, masculinity, etc.

“Adolescence is characterized as pubertal ne rhyod associated with deep ne restructuring of the endocrine system, the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics, as well as sexual desire, caused by abundant secretion of hormones. This ne The period when the question of belonging to sex should be reinforced by behavioral acts of relations between boys and girls is the most favorable time for the formation of masculinity and femininity.

According to V.A. Sukhomlinsky "Adolescence differs from other age groups in that the feeling of adulthood determines its further actions and deeds, affects the development of its emotional-volitional and intellectual spheres" .

So, the features of adolescence are: new relationships with the adult world, an expansion of the scope of activities, a change in character, the ability to think abstractly, a change in social status, a psychological distance from one's family and school, a sense of adulthood is formed, and the interests of a teenager change, biological changes, formation qualities: purposefulness, independence, courage, initiative, endurance and determination; ability to build logical schemes.

2. The study of the characteristics of the organization of leisure of adolescents in the village. Atrachi, Tyukalinsky district, Omsk region

2.1 Organization of the study

Target:studying the features of the organization of free time and leisure of adolescents p. Atrachi

Tasks:

) Select the study sample;

) Develop diagnostic tools;

) Organize the survey;

) Carry out data processing;

) Give a description (description) of the organization of leisure activities for adolescents in the House of Culture p. Atrachi

Stages:

Preparatory: selection of diagnostic tools, determination of the research base, identification of the number of adolescents in rural areas, conducting a questionnaire.

Core: research implementation

Final: processing and analysis of the results, writing conclusions and recommendations.

Base:With. Atrachi, Tyukalinsky district, Omsk region.

Sample: 23 teenagers.

Diagnostic tools: questionnaire

The questionnaire is designed to identify the interests of a teenager, which circles he prefers to attend, what he does outside of school, how he organizes his free time. Also, in the questionnaire, a teenager can indicate which circles he would like to create, if none of them interests him from the existing circles. Questioning allows you to determine the level of employment of a teenager.

2.2 Analysis of the organization of leisure of adolescents in the village. Atrachi

Cultural institution with. Atrachi, Atrachinsky rural House of Culture.

The population of Atrachi is 684 people, of which 136 are children and adolescents under 18 years old.

The educational system of social orientation of adolescents performs the following functions:

) Developing, aimed at stimulating positive changes in the personality of the child, supporting the development of the abilities of children, adolescents and adults.

) Integrating, contributing to unite all educational influences into one whole.

) Protective, aimed at increasing the level of social security of adolescents, neutralizing the influence of negative environmental factors on the personality of the child and the process of his development.

) Regulatory, involving the creation of conditions to compensate for the insufficient participation of the family and society in ensuring the life of the child, the disclosure and development of his inclinations and abilities.

) Corrective, which consists in the implementation of an expedient correction of behavior and communication in order to reduce the strength of the negative influence on the formation of his personality.

Implementation of the functions of the educational system of implementation when creating such conditions as:

Expansion of the network of circles. On this moment clubs at the school:

) "Skillful hands"

) Dance circles "Rhythm"

) Circle "Needlewoman" - for older girls

) Circle of Vocal Singing

The school is actively working to organize leisure and free time for teenagers. The following forms are used:

· Thematic evenings (literary evening.)

Thematic concerts (concert for Mother's Day, concert for Teacher's Day, etc.)

Ball (autumn ball, New Year's ball.)

Thematic discos (“Anti AIDS”, “We are against cigarettes”, etc.)

Subject Olympiads.

· Mind games. ("What? Where? When?", "Brainring", Field of Miracles,)

· Exhibitions.

· Sports holidays. (“Autumn Marathon”, etc.)

House of Culture

On the territory of the village there is an amateur association "Brigantina". She is visited by (43) teenagers. The amateur association "Brigantina" is doing a lot of work on the aesthetic education of adolescents. Themed evenings are regularly held, to which high school students from the general education school are invited. Waltz evening, dance evening, evenings and concerts dedicated to the work of famous composers are held. During the summer, the amateur association held an extensive program of various events.

Opening of a children's recreation area "Let me always, I will be ..." 1-8 cells. Game program "Funny get-togethers" 1-6 cells Leisure with benefit"1-8 gradeHistory hour"Blessed memory of the past years1-8 gradeGame program"Minute of glory"1-4 grade

Craft competition "Funny patches"Children 6-9 years oldDance program"Like Ivan Kupala"Children from 6 to 12 years oldTheatrical sports relay race"Zebra on vacation"Children from 6-12 years old Dance evening"Children's party"Children from 6-11 years oldCompetition program "Who wants to become an athlete"Children from 7-12 years oldThematic program"Life without cigarettes"Children from 6-12 years oldGame field of miracles"Mighty nature is full of miracles"Children from 6-12 years oldGame program"Robinson"Children from 6-12 years old

Children's disco "Dragonfly"Children from 6-12 years oldCompetition program"Big races"Children from 6-12 years oldSports program"I choose sport"Children from 6-12 years oldExhibition of drawings"I love my native land"Children from 6-12 years old Dance evening" Retro disco»Children from 6-12 years oldInformative program"Recreation with benefit"Children from 6-12 years oldChildren's program"Colorfulness of summer"Children from 6-12 years oldEntertainment program"Hello school"Children from 6-12 years old

2.3 Analysis of results and conclusions

. Findings from the Adolescent Questionnaire

We conducted a survey on the topic "Leisure for teenagers".

The survey involved 23 adolescents from the Atrachinsk secondary school, 11 of them boys (47.8%) and 12 girls (52.2%). Adolescents aged 13 to 15 years, namely students in grades 7-9. The age composition of the sample looks like this: 13 years old - 6 people, 14 years old - 6 people, 15 years old - 11 people. We set a goal to determine the most popular types of leisure activities, to identify preferences in leisure activities.

Diagram #1. How satisfied are you with leisure activities in your countryside?

Based on the results of this diagram, we can conclude that most teenagers are satisfied, but not quite, with leisure activities in their area. This can be explained by the fact that the countryside does not have all the available means for organizing a versatile and complete organization of leisure activities for adolescents. Basically, only the House of Culture and the school work with the children. The House of Culture provides choir, dance and art circles and classes, and the school provides sports sections. Leisure activities in the village. Atrachi is done on an artistic level, not a professional one. There are many talented teenagers in the countryside, but there are not enough leisure facilities that would contribute to the realization of the abilities, hobbies and interests of teenagers.

Diagram #2. What kind of activity do you prefer to do in your free time?

The majority of adolescents aged 13-15 who participated in the survey spend their free time rather unevenly. The most preferred pastime for teenagers is watching TV (20%), playing sports and physical education (16%) and communicating with relatives, neighbors, friends (16%). The answers received less distribution - (0%) needlework (knitting, embroidery, wood carving), (1%) help to parents.

Diagram #3. Are you a member of any circle or leisure association in your village?

Most of the respondents (65%) are a member of any circle or leisure association in the village. Atrachi

Diagram #4. If so, what is the main motive for your participation in it?

The predominant motive for participation is the desire to obtain a new amount of information, knowledge, skills and abilities. This can be explained by the fact that there are practically no large families left in the village, children tend to go out somewhere, get additional communication, and prove themselves.

Diagram #5. Can you say to yourself that within the framework of your free time, in the conditions of the countryside, you manage to fully realize your talents and hobbies, skills, personal skills and abilities?

From the results of the diagram, it can be said that most adolescents are far from being able to realize their talents and hobbies, skills, personal skills and abilities in this rural area. It seems that the guys have realized their abilities, they were noticed at the village level, but when they have achieved certain results, they want to go further, consolidate and improve their abilities and skills, but they cannot get further development, so there is no opportunity, for example, to go to the city.

Diagram #6. How is your personal participation in the cultural and mass work of your area expressed?

From this diagram it follows that personal participation in cultural work is expressed by the fact that adolescents participate in concerts,

The respondents were asked the question, "Which circles, sections or public associations would you like to see in your village?". 16% of respondents ask to organize ice skating and football sections in the winter, 8% - to organize free clubs of interest, 4% - to learn ballroom dancing, theater, etc.

To study the distribution of free time by teenagers, we conducted a questionnaire called "My Day". After processing the results, we entered all the data obtained into a pivot table and calculated the average indicator for each type of activity (Table 1).

Table 1

CasesAverage value of time spent1. Sleep.8 h. 50 min.2. Food (except for its preparation). 1 h. 30 min. 3. Taking care of your appearance.1 h. 05 min.4. Caring for parents and other members of their family.1 part 5. Self-service (cooking, cleaning the apartment, room, etc.). 0 h. 50 min. 6. Household work, in home production. 1 h. 20 min. 7. Duration of classes at school.6 h.8. Self-preparation To schoolwork, doing homework.1 h. 10 min.9. Classes in circles. 0 h. 45 min. 10. Physical education and sports.1 h.11. Community work. 0 h. 15 min. 12. Communication with relatives and friends.1 h.13. Reading literature, magazines, newspapers.-14. Watching TV.0 h. 40 min.15. Listening to music.0 h. 10 min.16. Board games.-17. Classes with a computer. 1 h. 10 min. 18. Outdoor games. 0 h. 30 min. 19. Walks. 0 h. 55 min. 20. Complete rest (absence of any activity) 0 h. 15 min. 21. Other cases (write below others). 0 h. 15 min.

As an assessment of the usefulness of leisure and free time, we used two main criteria. The first is the amount of free time (time) allocated for organizing leisure activities. And the second criterion is the content of leisure (form). According to the results presented in the table, the average leisure time for adolescents in rural areas (points 9-21) is 4 hours 11 minutes a day. The content of leisure is determined by the interests of adolescents. Adolescents give an important place in the leisure structure to playing on the computer for 1 hour 10 minutes, physical education and sports - 1 hour, communication with relatives and friends - 1 hour, walking - about an hour. Of particular concern is the lack of interest in reading literature, board games in teenagers. We believe that this is due to the fact that teenagers prefer to spend their free time playing on the computer and the Internet.

Analyzing the results of our study, we can draw the following conclusions.

) Adolescents have a well-formed opinion on the organization of leisure activities.

) The leisure of teenagers is not versatile, there are not enough opportunities for the realization of abilities and skills

) The problem of the village is that people who work with children and organize leisure are already of pre-retirement age, who ?s? I no longer have the strength to go hiking with the guys, to conduct sections and classes.

) Young specialists do not go to the village, who would actively work with children and organize versatile leisure activities.

) In rural areas there are no qualified specialists who would organize leisure.

) The average leisure time for teenagers in rural areas is 4 hours 11 minutes a day.

) Common forms of leisure: physical education and sports, playing on the computer, communicating with relatives and friends, watching TV.

) Adolescents are not interested in such forms of leisure as: reading literature, listening to music, outdoor games,

So, teenagers living in this village do not have enough conditions for revealing their abilities (skating and football sections in the winter, ballroom dancing lessons, theater, etc.), show themselves, do what they love. According to the results that we have obtained, we believe that the hypothesis of our study was partially confirmed.

Based on the conducted research and the results obtained, we offer recommendations on the organization of leisure and free time for adolescents in the village of Atrachi

) include parents in joint leisure activities with their children so that they are interested in the abilities of their children and help them realize them;

) use the possibilities of the family to organize the free time of children, their comrades in the yard, class, school (home libraries, audio, video equipment, sports and tourist equipment, musical instruments).

) open circles, clubs, creative associations for organizing leisure activities in accordance with the interests of children;

) the initiator of the creation and organization of work with adolescents and youth associations should be the social institution of the village: school, village club, museum, rural administration ???tradition, committee for youth affairs, peasant economy, etc.;

) the basis for the development of the youth movement in the countryside should be traditions, which are a form of transferring educational values from one generation to another, they must be preserved.

) develop modern youth associations, which should be based on the introduction of the latest information technologies, telecommunications .

) organize joint socially useful and cultural and leisure activities of adolescents and adults in society;

2.5 Ways to optimize the work of schools, cultural institutions and families in the process of organizing teenagers' leisure

To optimize the process of interaction between the family and institutions of the socio-cultural sphere in the formation of a culture of leisure for the younger generation, it is necessary to fully include the family in the educational system. This is not an easy matter, because now the ideas of folk pedagogy, care for education, born of folk wisdom, are almost lost, and the knowledge of the basics of the theory of modern education by parents is small and unsystematic.

The active participation of institutions of the socio-cultural sphere in the organization of family leisure, as practice shows, allows us to look at leisure activities as an important factor in overcoming the social passivity of some families, neutralizing intra-system conflicts, restoring the lack of mutual trust, creating favorable opportunities for the implementation of many alternatives, including number of domestic, leisure activities.

The main tasks of the joint activities of the family and cultural institutions in organizing the leisure of the younger generation have always been:

) the formation of a harmoniously developed personality;

) moral, aesthetic and physical improvement of adolescents;

) satisfaction of the spiritual needs of adolescents and the development of their creative abilities.

The forms of work of institutions of the social and cultural sphere with the family can be very diverse. So, for example, in teenage clubs in many cities of Russia, family holidays, family evenings have become traditional, individual forms are enriched with new content, based on the interests of the family. The organization of traditional forms of family leisure in the Russian folk style has become widespread: youthful games, fairs, Russian gatherings, circles of applied art for children and adults - “Skillful Hands”, fine arts, folklore ensembles and orchestras of folk instruments. Family communication clubs, interest clubs, puppet and actor theaters, libraries and other centers should contribute to the solution of the problem of the lack of communication between parents and children. And at the heart of the activity of the Tambov City Center for work with children and youth is the program "Adults and Children", which includes a variety of experimental programs, among which the most popular are "The world will be saved by beauty", "I am for Russia", "Mercy and care ”, “Know yourself and know the world of people.”

The main goal of the "Adults and Children" program is to focus the attention of children and parents on the expediency of spending time together. The main areas of this program are:

) moral and spiritual revival of the family;

) socio-psychological rehabilitation of the family;

) personal rehabilitation of adolescents;

) updating the approach to organizing joint leisure activities for adults and children;

) the formation of a healthy lifestyle.

The value of cultural and leisure forms of work with the family lies in the fact that they actively include such communication mechanisms as: children and children, families - children, family - family, children - adolescents - adults. These contacts give the processes of communication a special attraction and sincerity. The opportunity to communicate with adults together with children creates a favorable psychological microclimate in the family and strengthens its foundations. The effectiveness of the use of the social potential of the family to a large extent depends on the level of pedagogical culture of the parents. The efforts of the school, social services, club institutions, libraries and other centers contribute to its increase. Today, the idea of combining the efforts of all socio-cultural institutions in the pedagogical education of parents remains pedagogically justified. It is necessary to create psychological assistance services not only for adolescents, but also for families. School teachers, social educators, preschool teachers, psychologists, doctors, lawyers, employees of out-of-school institutions, teachers and university students can be involved in their work.

conclusions

In order to socialize the younger generation, a special system of institutions has been created. These are, first of all, kindergartens and schools. In addition, there are naturally formed institutions and organizations, the functioning of which is aimed at the "inclusion" of individuals in society. These are cultural and leisure institutions, sports complexes, scientific and technical centers, etc., operating in the field of leisure, with the expansion of the boundaries of which the socializing impact on children, adolescents and youth increases.

However, leisure itself is not an indicator of values. The most important thing is the nature of its use, the degree of its social saturation. Leisure can be a powerful stimulus for personal development. Therein lie its progressive possibilities.

A very significant role in the socialization of children, adolescents and youth is played by the school, where at various stages the educational program includes subjects that contribute to the implementation of this process.

According to the results of the study, we came to the following conclusions that: adolescents have a clearly formed opinion on the organization of their free time and leisure; leisure and free time of adolescents is not versatile, there are not enough opportunities for the realization of abilities and skills; the problem of the village is that people who work with children and organize leisure activities are already of pre-retirement age, who ?s? no longer have the strength to go hiking with the guys, to conduct sections and classes; young specialists do not go to the village, who would actively work with children and organize versatile leisure activities; in rural areas there are no qualified specialists who would organize leisure and free time; the average leisure time for adolescents in rural areas is 4 hours 11 minutes a day; common forms of leisure: physical education and sports, playing on a computer, communicating with relatives and friends, watching TV; teenagers are not interested in such forms of leisure as: reading literature, listening to music, outdoor games. An analysis of the statistical picture of teenagers' leisure over the past decade leads us to the following sad conclusion. Leisure activities of adolescents do not always have a developmental focus, and sometimes have a negative impact on health, limit the development of skills and knowledge, the ability to translate them into cultural and creative activities, social activity.

insufficient funding;

their low attendance;

Conclusion

Summarizing the above, leisure and free time is the sphere of free human behavior, the possibility of choosing leisure activities and, at the same time, the purposefulness of the leisure process itself, which includes art, play, communication, entertainment, artistic creativity, etc.

The leisure sphere gives the child the opportunity to do what they love, meet interesting people, visit places that are significant to him, and be a participant in important events.

In the process of leisure, it is much easier for a child to form a respectful attitude towards himself, even personal shortcomings can be overcome through leisure activities.

In the sphere of leisure, children, adolescents, boys and girls are more open to the influence and impact on them of a variety of social institutions, which allows them to influence their moral character and worldview with maximum efficiency. In the process of active leisure pastime, a sense of camaraderie is strengthened, labor activity is stimulated, a life position is developed, and norms of behavior in society are taught.

Leisure can be a powerful stimulus for personal development. Therein lie its progressive possibilities. But leisure can turn into a force that cripples a person, deforms consciousness and behavior, leads to a restriction of the spiritual world and even to such manifestations of asociality as drunkenness, drug addiction, prostitution, and crime.

So, the question of an integral system of education in various fields of activity - in the family, at school, in leisure institutions, is of particular relevance.

According to the results of the study, we came to the following conclusions that: students have a clearly formed opinion on the organization of their free time and leisure; leisure and free time of adolescents is not versatile, there are not enough opportunities for the realization of abilities and skills; the problem of the village is that people who work with children and organize leisure activities are already of pre-retirement age, no longer have the strength to go hiking with the guys, to conduct sections and classes; young specialists do not go to the village, who would actively work with children and organize versatile leisure activities; in rural areas there are no qualified specialists who would organize leisure and free time; the average leisure time for adolescents in rural areas is 4 hours 11 minutes a day; common forms of leisure: physical education and sports, playing on a computer, communicating with relatives and friends, watching TV; teenagers are not interested in such forms of leisure as: reading literature, listening to music, outdoor games.

insufficient funding;

falling interest among the population in the activities of leisure institutions;

their low attendance;

outdated or weak material base of the Houses of Culture and leisure centers.

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Coursework on the topic Ways to optimize the work of schools, cultural institutions and families in the process of organizing teenagers' leisure

Introduction

The relevance of research

The main tasks of the joint activities of the family, schools and cultural institutions in organizing the leisure of the younger generation have always been:

Formation of a harmoniously developed personality.

Moral, aesthetic and physical development of adolescents.

Satisfaction of the spiritual needs of adolescents and the development of their creative abilities.

Currently, there are a large number of out-of-school institutions (studios, clubs for young technicians, stations for young tourists, etc.) that focus only on children, and cultural and leisure centers hold events mainly for youth and adults. Theaters put on performances either for children, or for adults. This is hardly socially and pedagogically justified in modern conditions. The efforts of cultural institutions and schools should be directed, first of all, to the family, as a team, to organize joint socially oriented leisure activities for parents and children - this is one of the necessary conditions for optimizing such work. After all, it is the family that gives the image of the world in which the child will live, it is in the family that role behavior is formed.

The forms of work of institutions of the socio-cultural sphere and schools with families can be very diverse. For example, family holidays and family evenings have become traditional in teenage clubs in many cities of Russia, individual forms are enriched with new content, based on the interests of the family. The organization of traditional forms of family leisure in the Russian folk style: youth games, fairs, arts and crafts circles for children and adults - “Skillful Hands”, fine arts, folklore ensembles and orchestras of folk instruments. Family communication clubs, clubs should contribute to the solution of the problem of lack of communication between parents and children on interests, puppet theaters, libraries and other centers.

Today, the idea of combining the efforts of all social and cultural institutions in the pedagogical education of parents remains pedagogically justified. It is necessary to create psychological assistance services not only for adolescents, but also for families. School teachers, social pedagogues, and students can be involved in their work.

Research problem. Currently, there is a problem of the full inclusion of the family in the upbringing and educational system of the younger generation.

Object of study. Features of the work of the school, cultural institutions and the family in the process of organizing the leisure of adolescents.

Subject of study. Ways to optimize the work of schools, cultural institutions and families in the process of organizing teenagers' leisure.

Purpose of the study. To identify the most effective ways to optimize the work of schools, cultural institutions and families in the process of organizing teenagers' leisure.

Research objectives.

To reveal the features of the work of the school, cultural institutions and the family in the process of organizing the leisure of adolescents.

Determine the forms and methods of work of the school, cultural institutions and families in the process of organizing teenagers' leisure.

To consider the specifics of organizing teenagers' leisure in institutions of additional education.

To reveal the variety of cultural and leisure programs of the school, cultural institutions in the process of organizing teenagers' leisure.

Research methods. Theoretical-system-functional analysis, synthesis.

Empirical - observation, analysis, description.

Chapter? Features of the work of the school, cultural institutions and the family in the process of organizing the leisure of adolescents

The specificity of the organization of teenagers' leisure in institutions of additional education.

R a r y in t e x t a. . . . . .

“Autumn-Wonderful Mosaic” is an entertainment and game program for teenagers.

“Autumn-red-haired friend” - dance show program.

“We are all neighbors on the planet” - entertainment program for teenagers.

“The New Year is knocking on us” is a theatrical show program for teenagers.

“This wonderful night of magic” is a musical and entertainment program.

Conclusion

In the current socio-cultural situation, teenage leisure of adolescents appears as a socially conscious necessity. Leisure for teenagers is an area in which they most acutely and fully reveal their natural needs for freedom and independence, for active work and self-expression.

The current socio-cultural situation, the crisis of society have given rise to the most difficult problems in the upbringing of the younger generation and in the formation of a single individual.

Many years of ignoring the objective phenomena occurring in the sphere of organizing free time for adolescents and young people, the low level of the proposed forms of leisure communication, the underdevelopment of the material and technical base of cultural institutions have led to the fact that every day the crime rate among adolescents is growing; the number of vagrant children, underage prostitutes, and drug addicts is increasing. The number of adolescents who use drugs has increased 10 times over the past ten years, and the age of initiation to drugs is 14 years, but there are even 6-8-year-old children.