Explosive wave Topol m. The best rips from Jumo Aka End. Is there any flaws
5:06 / 24.04.16
RVSN: Movable soil rocket complex "Poplar" with ICBP 15Zh58
RT-2PM "Poplar" (the complex of the complex of the complex / rocket - 15p158 / 15j58, under the START-RS-12M Agreement, according to the NATO classification - SS-25 Sickle, translated - SERP) - Soviet / Russian movable primer strategic rocket complex with A three-step solid fuel intercontinental ballistic rocket RT-2PM.
APU 15U168 complex 15p158 "Poplar" / Photo: tvzvezda.ru, Konstantin Semenov
Story Development
Development of a strategic mobile complex "Topol" (RS-12M) with a three-step intercontinental ballistic rocket suitable for accommodating on a self-propelled car chassis (based on the ICBP 15J58 on a solid mixture fuel weighing 45 tons with a monoblock nuclear warhead Weighing 1 ton) was launched on July 19, 1977 at the Moscow Institute of Heat Engineering under the leadership of the Chief Designer Alexander Nadiramze in 1975. After the death of A. Nadiradze (was the director and ch. Constructor MIT 1961 - 1987, died in 1977), the work was continued under the guidance of Boris Lagutin (gene. Designer MIT 1987-1993). Movable starting installation on a wheel chassis developed TITAN CKB at the Barikard Volgograd Plant.
Alexander Nadiradze / Photo: Liveinternet.ru
Boris Lagutin / Photo: Liveinternet.ru
Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 668-212 on the development of the Rocket Complex "Topol" was published on July 19, 1977. The first rocket test was held on October 27, 1982 at the Kapustin Yar polygon and was unsuccessful. The second (according to other data, the first) launch was conducted on February 8, 1983 at the Plesetsk polygon by combat calculation of the 6th NiU and was successful. The first three test starts were carried out from the mining launching RT-2P rocket for these works.
Starting MBR 15Zh58 / RS-12M "Poplar" with Polygon "Plesetsk" / Photo: pressa-rvsn.livejournal.com
On August 10, 1983, the fourth launch of the RC-12M missile was held, he became the first to be implemented from the self-propelled launcher 15U128. In total, at the stage of joint flight tests of the complex from February 1983 to December 23, 1987, 16 launches of missiles were conducted. The rocket complex was adopted on December 1, 1988.
From November 1984 to September 1994, during the serial manufacture of elements of the complex and setting rocket regiments, 32 control and serial starts were conducted on combat duty (in defense of the party). During the period of operation of PGRK in the RVSN from April 1988 to November 2005, 33 educational starts of RT-2PM missiles were performed.
RS-12M is an intercontinental strategic rocket of mobile primer base, which significantly increases its vitality in conditions of combat operations.
One of the most successful Russian modern complexes was considered the Mobile Ground Rocket Complex "Topol" (SS-25 Sickle "on the Nato-Ya classification) with a RC-12M missile. It became the first mobile complex equipped with an intercontinental range rocket, adopted after almost two decades of unsuccessful attempts made by different design organizations.
Rocket 15J58 (RT-2PM)
Rocket 15J58 is made according to a scheme with three marching steps. To ensure high energetic perfection and increasing the range of shooting in all marching steps, a new, developed in Lyubertsk Lypo Soyuz, a more perfect mixed fuel of increased density with a specific impulse, increased by several units compared to fillers of previously created engines was applied.
Layout Rocket Layout 15J58: 1 - head; 2 transition compartment; 3 - Marshamy RDTT III steps; 4 - Connection compartment II stage; 5 - Marsh Republic RDTT II steps; 6 - Connecting compartment I steps; 7 - Marshamy RDTT I steps; 8 - Stage Stage Tail / Image: RVSN.ruZhany.info
Rocket 15J58 complex 15p158 "Poplar" / Photo: RVSN.ruZhany.info
At all three steps, RDTT with one fixed nozzle is installed. On the outer surface of the head compartment of the first stage, there were folding rotary lattice aerodynamic steering wheel (4 pcs.), Used to control the flight together with gas-jet steering wheel and 4 lattice aerodynamic stabilizers.
Having spent the first stage of the ICBM "Poplar" after starting from the Plesetsk polygon - well visible aerodynamic steering wheel / photo: www.edu.severodvinsk.ru
Nozzle Block of the first stage of the rocket 15J58 complex 15p158 "Poplar" / Photo: www.edu.severodvinsk.ru
The second stage is constructively composed of a connecting compartment and a marching RDTT. The third stage has an almost the same design, but its composition additionally enters the transitional compartment to which the head part is attached.
The first stage of the rocket 15j58 complex 15p158 "Poplar" / photo: RVSN.ruZhany.info
The second stage of the rocket 15J58 complex 15p158 "Poplar" / photo: RVSN.ruZhany.info
Third Stage Rocket 15J58 Complex 15P158 "Poplar" / Photo: RVSN.ruZHANY.INFO
The housings of the upper steps were first performed by the method of continuous winding from organoplastic according to the Cocon scheme. The third stage was equipped with a transition compartment for fastening the combat part.
Stage of removal of combat block Rocket 15J58 complex 15p158 "Poplar" / Photo: Rvsn.ruZhany.info
The shooting range was managed technical objective and washed with a cut-off of the third stage route, with the help of the cut-off knot, with eight reversible crops and "windows", loosening duza (duz - detonating extended charge) in the organoplastic power construction of the case. A knot of cut-off traction was located on the front bottom of the upper stage housing.
The autonomous, inertial control system was developed in automation and instrument making NGOs under the leadership of Vladimir Lapigin. The aiming system was designed under the guidance of the chief designer of the Kyiv Plant "Arsenal" Seraphim Parnyakova.
Vladimir Lapigin / Photo: Faceruss.ru
Seraphim Manakov / Photo: space.com.ua
The inertial control system has its own BTVM, which made it possible to achieve high shooting accuracy. The management system ensures the flight control of the rocket, carry out regulatory work on the rocket and start-up installation, pre-assembled training and launch of the rocket. All pre-training and start-up operations, as well as preparatory and regulatory work are fully automated.
In the foreground layout of the ICBC / photo: MilitaryRussia.ru
The head part of the monoblock, nuclear weighing about 1 t. The headband includes a motor installation and a control system that provides a circular likely deviation (QWA) 400 m (so they say our sources, in the West accuracy is estimated at 150-200 m). "Topol" is equipped with a complex of media overcoming probable opponent. Nuclear warhead was created in the All-Union Research Institute of Experimental Physics under the guidance of the chief designer of Samvel Kocharyanz.
Samvel Kocharyants / Photo: Atomic-Energy.ru
According to Western sources, the rocket at least once was tested with four combat blocks of individual guidance, but this option did not receive further development.
The rocket flight control is carried out at the expense of rotary gas jet and lattice aerodynamic steering wheel. New nozzle apparatus of solid fuel engines have been created. To ensure secrecy, camouflage has been developed, false complexes, disguise means. Like the previous mobile complexes of the Moscow Institute of Heat Engineering. Rocket 15J58 is produced in Votkinsk. The entire period of operation of the rocket 15J58 (RT-2PM) is performed in a sealed transport and starting container with a length of 22 m and a diameter of 2 m.
TPK with rocket 15Zh58 / Photo: RVSn.ruZhany.info
Initially, a warranty period of the rocket was established for 10 years. Later, the warranty period has been extended to 15 years.
Startup and equipment
During the operation, the rocket is located in the transport and starting container installed on the mobile starting unit. It is mounted on the basis of the semi-alert chassis of a large-load car MAZ. The start of the rocket is made from the vertical position using a powder pressure battery (pad) located in the transport and starting container (TPK).
The launcher was developed in the Volgograd TITAN CKB under the guidance of Viktor Shurygin.
Victor Shurygin / Photo: TOPWAR.RU
A semi-axle MAZ-7912 (15U128.1) was used as the launcher setup chassis (15U128.1), later - MAZ-7917 (15U168) of the wheel formula 14х12 (Barricade plant in Volgograd).
SPU 15U128.1 on the chassis MAZ-7912 with TPK - the complex "Poplar" ( official photo From documents under ASS) / photo contracts: www.fas.org
Serial APU 15U128.1 on the MAZ-7912 chassis, Complex 15P158.1 / Photo: Military.tomsk.ru/Forum
APU 15U168 on the MAZ-7917 chassis with TPK - a complex "Topol" (official photo from documents under the ASP agreements: www.fas.org
SPU 15U168 complex 15p158 "Poplar". On the right side of SPU, there are no some mandatory structural elements. Exhibition "Patriot", Kubinka, 2015 / Photo: Vitaly Kuzmin
This machine of the Minsk Automobile Plant is equipped with a diesel engine of 710 hp Yaroslavl Motor Plant. The car was located a sealed transport and starting container with a diameter of 2 m and a length of 22 m. The mass of the launch vehicle was about 100 tons. Despite this, the Topol complex had good mobility and permeability.
Solid fuel charges of engines are designed in Lyubertsy NGO "Soyuz" under the leadership of Boris Zhukov (later the association was headed by Zinovy \u200b\u200bPak).
Boris Zhukov / Photo: Liveinternet.ru
Zinovy \u200b\u200bPak / Photo: minpromtorg.gov.ru
Composite materials and container are designed and manufactured in the Central Region of Special Mechanical Engineering under the direction of Viktor Protasov. The steering hydraulic drives of the rocket and hydraulic drives of self-propelled launchers are designed in the Moscow Central Automation and Hydraulics.
Victor Protasov / Photo: Liveinternet.ru
In some sources it was reported that the start could be made from any point of the pathrol route, but on more accurate information: "When receiving an order for a start-up on the asbu, the calculation of the APU is obliged to take the nearest way to start the route point and deploy the APU." In the field (i.e., on the field BSP and IBE, the "Popoles" shelves carry combat duty, as a rule, for 1.5 months in winter and the same summer).
The RS-12M start could be made and directly from the special unit 15U135 "Crohn" in which "Poplar" carry combat duty on stationary BSP. For this, the roof of the hangar is made sliding.
Aggregate 15U135 "Crohn" (official photo from documents under ASP) / photo contracts: www.fas.org
Boarding (preparation time for the start) From the moment of receipt of the order until the rocket has been brought to two minutes.
Output from the structure 15U135 (Crohn) / Photo: Rvsn.ruZhany.info
To ensure the possibility of starting the PU hangs on the jacks and horizontal. These operations are included in the deployment mode. Then the container with a rocket rises into a vertical position. To do this, in the "Start" mode, the powder battery is triggered (PAD), located on the APA itself. It is needed to work the hydraulics system to lift the arrows with TPK to the vertical. In other words, this is an ordinary gas generator. On the "pioneer" arrows rose (i.e., the hydraulic pump engine was working) from the drive from the driving engine (xD) chassis, which led to the need to have a system to maintain the HD in the "hot state", to duplicate the system of launching the HD air cylinders, etc. Such a scheme slightly reduced reliability.
Rocket Division, on combat duty / Photo: RVSN.ruZhany.info
Start type - Artillery: After installing the TPK to the vertical position and shooting its upper protective cap, first triggered the first TPK pad - to extend the mobile bottom of the TPK to "last" to the ground for greater stability, and then the second pad already pushes a rocket to a height of several meters , After that, the first stage of the first-stage margine engine is launched.
The APU control is carried out by the PCP "Zenit" (Divisional link) and Granite (regimental link).
For the Topol complex, a mobile command clause regiment was developed (PCP RP). The units of the PCP RP were accommodated on the MAZ-543 chassis.
Machine security combat duty (MAOC) complex "Poplar" on the chassis MAZ-543M / photo: www.fas.org
Composition of the PCP RP:
- Aggregate 15B168 - Machine of combat control
- Aggregate 15B179 - communication machine 1
- Aggregate 15B75 - Communication Machine 2
One MOBD included the functions of 4 units of the Pioneer complex: MDES, dining room, hostel, MDSO). Those. He had diesel aggregates, household compartment, BPU. () The APU RK "Topol" was equipped with a modernized system of RBU, which made it possible to take commands to start the "perimeter" system for 3 bands.
Testing and deployment
In February 1983, PGRK "Topol" went on the test. The first flight test of the rocket was held on the 53rd NIIP MO (now the 1st GIK MO) Plesetsk February 8, 1983. This two subsequent starts were made from the re-equipped mines of stationary RT-2P rockets. One of the launches was unsuccessful. A series of tests continued until December 23, 1987, more than 70 launches of this rocket were held.
Halfing Shpu type 15p765 / 15p765m at the Pleets Polygon, Frames Starting MBR "Poplar" / Photo: MilitaryRussia.ru
In 1984, construction of stationary basing facilities and equipment of military patrol routes of mobile missile systems "Topol" began in the positional areas of the IBR-2P and UR-100, located in the SPU-OS, which were removed from duty. Later, it was arranged to arrange the positional areas removed from weapons treaty of RSMD complexes medium range.
The testing of the elements of the complex went stages, and apparently the greatest difficulties were associated with the combat management system. After the successful end of the first series of tests, completed by the mid-1985 (during April 1985, 15 test starts took place), on July 23, 1985, RT-2PM was sent for arms and in the city of Yoshkar-Ola was delivered to combat duty The first regiment of PGRK. At the same time, the development of the combat management system, obviously continued.
Test launches Rocket "Poplar" / Photo: RVSN.RUZHANY.INFO
Serial production of rockets was located at the factory in Votkinsk (Udmurtia) since 1985, and Mobile launcher Produced at the Volgograd Plant "Barricades".
In parallel, in 1986, on the basis of the second and third stage of the rocket 15J58, a mobile primer complex of the average radius of action "Speed" was developed with a maximum shooting range greater than at the front-line complex "Temp-C" and less than that of the Pioneer complex. Such a range, with a powerful combat equipment, allowed to squeeze into the starting weight of the rocket, which ensured the acceptable total weight and dimensions of the self-propelled launcher. Acceptable in order to "ride" in the territory of countries of Eastern Europe. Thus, the question of the recent time for London, Rome, Bonna was shot.
The first regiment, staffed by a mobile regulatory team, was put on combat duty only on April 28, 1987 (in the area of \u200b\u200bNizhny Tagil).
Part PGRK "Poplar" was deployed in newly created positional areas. After signing in 1987, the RSDD Treaty, some positional areas of the pioneer disassembled PGRK were reailed for the basing of the Topol complexes.
Test launches of missiles, as early as previously said, ended on December 23, 1987, but completely testing a mobile complex, and not only rockets ended only in December 1988, so the final decision on the adoption of the Topol complex for weapons is dated December 1, 1988 G., i.e. Three S. even a year After the start of trial operation.
On May 27, 1988, the first rocket regiment with a modernized mobile regimental command center was placed on combat duty (in the area of \u200b\u200bIrkutsk).
An example of the location of structures on the starting position / Image: RVSN.RUZHANY.INFO
At the time of signing the START-1 agreement in 1991, the USSR had 288 Rocket complexes "Topol". After signing START-1, the deployment of these complexes was continued. () The first rocket regiment with the RK "Topol" was put on combat duty on July 23, 1985 (according to other data on July 20), even before the completion of joint flight tests in the 14th Rocket Division (Yoshkar-Ola) (commander - Colonel Dremov in . B.), and by the end of 1985 - another rocket regiment.
On May 27, 1988, the first regiment took over the database, which was part of the divisions of which entered the advanced mobile command point (PCP) equipped with a new automated system Control.
| Development of the RT-2PM grouping. Number of PU on combat duty | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
| RT-2PM | 18 | 72 | 81 | 99 | 162 | 234 | 306 | 333 | 351 | 369 | 360 | 360 | 360 | 360 | 360 | 360 | 360 | 360 | 345 | 333 | 315 | 291 | 254 | 243 | 213 | 180 | 171 |
|
|
|
|
|
| Total ICBM | 1398 | 1398 | 1398 | 1390 | 1398 | 1398 | 1398 | 1333 | 1305 | 1129 | 975 | 870 | 832 | 748 | 756 |
|
||||||||||||||||
| % of the RCSN (including RSD) | 0,94 | 3,76 | 4,23 | 5,37 | 9,34 | 14,63 | 21,21 | 24,98 | 26,89 | 32,68 | 36,92 | 41,38 | 43,27 | 48,13 | 47,62 |
|
||||||||||||||||
The rocket divisions of "Popoles" were stationed near the cities of Barnaul, Upper Salda (Nizhny Tagil), Executive (Bologoye), Yoshkar-Ola, Teikovo, Yuryja, Novosibirsk, Kansk, Irkutsk, as well as the village of the woodwoman of the Chita region. Nine regiments (81 launchers) were deployed in missile divisions on the territory of Belarus - under the cities of Lida, Mozyr and Podavi.
As of the end of 1996, RVSN had 360 PGRK Topol.
Annually produced by one control launch of the Rocket "Topol" from Plesetsk Polygon. The high reliability of the complex says the fact that during its tests and operation was made about fifty tested launches of missiles. All of them passed trouble-free. On November 29, 2005, a training launch of the ICBM RS-12M "Topol" of mobile basing from the Plesetsk cosmodrome in the direction of the Kura Polygon in Kamchatka was carried out. The educational combat part of the rocket with a given accuracy struck the conditional goal at the Kamchatka Polygon Polygon. The main goal of start-up is to check the reliability of the equipment. The rocket stood on the battle duty of 20 years. This is the first case in practice not only domestic, but also global rocket-building - successfully implemented a hard-fuel missile that has been in operation in operation. On the basis of PGRK "Poplar" with a rocket 15J58 were created:
1. Complex "Perimeter-RC", Rocket "Siren" - Complex with a team rocket - a missile complex to ensure the management of information on the need to apply a response in the conditions of termination of the operation of conventional means of communication. The ICBR Regiment "Perimeter-RC" created on the basis of the ICBM 15G58 "Topol" took over the combat duty in December 1990 in the 8th RVSN Rocket Division (Jury, the regiment commander - Colonel S. I. Arzamastev). In December 2011, the Commander of the RVSN Lieutenant-General Sergey Karakayev said that the perimeter system exists and is on combat duty. Tests of the Command Rocket Complex "Perimeter-RC" passed five ICBR starts from Plesetsk Polygon from August 8 to December 25, 1990
2. Rocket 15Zh58E "Topol-E" - Experimental launch vehicle for testing new types of combat equipment of the ICBM, the name of 15Zh58E is alleged.
Starting MBR "Topol-E", Polygon Kapustin Yar, Platage 107, 2009 / Photo: MilitaryPhotos.net.
Projections of the Rocket "Poplar" and "Topol-E" (15j58 and 15zh58E) - SS-25 Sickle / Image: MilitaryRussia.ru
3. "Start-1" - a carrier rocket. The development of a carrier missile has begun in 1989. The first start was produced on 03/25/1993. The design is a 5-step carrier rocket. Mass of payload for low orbit - 500 kg
Rocket carrier "Start-1" in the workshop of the Votkin Machine-Building Plant / Photo: www.iz-article.ru
Abbreviation
According to the Treaty on START-2 360 units of the Rocket Complex "Topol" until 2007 were reduced.
After the collapse of the USSR, part of the "poplary" remained on the territory of Belarus. On August 13, 1993, the conclusion was started by the Grouping of RVSN "Topol" from Belarus, on November 27, 1996, he was completed.
As of July 2006, 243 Topol Rocket Complex (Teikovo, Yoshkar-Ola, Jury, Nizhny Tagil, Novosibirsk, Kansk, Irkutsk, Barnaul, Executive were still on combat duty.
Interesting fact is that the "Topol" complex is the first Soviet strategic missile complex whose name was declassified in soviet pressIn the article that refute the accusation of the American side is that Russia allegedly conducts tests of a new missile complex in violation of the current arms reduction agreement.
Tactical and technical indicators
| Tactical and technical characteristics Topol complex |
|
| Startup preparation time, min | 2 |
| The power of thermonuclear charge, MT | 0,55 |
| Shooting accuracy (CVO), m | 900/200* |
| Square of the combat patrol area, km 2 | 125000 |
| Launcher | 7-axis chassis MAZ-7310 |
| Warranty period for storing rocket in TPK, years | 10
(extended to 15) |
| Type of launcher | mobile, group PU with mortar start |
|
Intercontinental ballistic rocket 15J58 (RT-2PM) |
|
| Shooting range, km | 10500 |
| Number of steps | 3 + dilution combat blocks. |
| Engine | RDTT |
| Start type | ground from TPK Due to Pad |
| Length: | |
| - full, m | 21,5 |
| - without GC, m | 18,5 |
| - first stage, m | 8,1 |
| - second stage, m | 4,6 |
| - third steps, m | 3,9 |
| - Head, m | 2,1 |
| Diameter: | |
| - Cases of the first stage, m | 1,8 |
| - Cases of the second stage, m | 1,55 |
| - Cases of the third stage, m | 1,34 |
| - TPK (transport and starting container), m | 2,0 |
| Starting mass, t | 45,1 |
| Mass of the revolved first stage of the rocket, t | 27,8 |
| Head | Monoblock separated |
| Mass head part, kg | 1000 |
| Control system | Autonomous, inertial with BTVM |
|
Autonomous Startup (APU) |
|
| Number of rockets on the start-up | 1 |
| Base - wheel | MAZ-7912, MAZ-7917 |
| Wheel formula | 14x12. |
| Weight: | |
| - launcher without TPK, t | 52,94 |
| Overall dimensions (without TPK / with TPK): | |
| - Length, m | 19,520/22,303 |
| - Width, m | 3,850/4,5 |
| - Height, m | 3,0/4,5 |
| Engine | Diesel B-58-7 (12V) |
| Power, hp | 710 |
| Fuel reserve | 825 |
| Speed, km / h | 40 |
| Stroke, km | 400 |
| Translation time in combat position, minutes. | 2 |
|
Machine to ensure combat duty (MOBD) |
|
| Mass, kg. | 43500 |
| dimensions: | |
| - Length, m | 15,935 |
| - Width, m | 3,23 |
| - Height, m | 4,415 |
| Power, hp | 525 |
| Stroke, km | |
| A type | garage with sliding roof |
| Purpose | for storing one SPU |
| Built, units | 408 |
| Dimensions: | |
| - Length, m | 30,4 |
| - Width, m | 8,1 |
| - Height, m | 7,2 |
|
Compounds and parts composition |
|
| Rocket Division | 3-5 rocket regiments (KP and 9 bu in each). |
| Regiment team | Stationary and mobile "Barrier" or "Granite" (based on MAZ-543M). |
| Division composition: | |
| - group of preparation and startup, pcs. | 3 |
| - group of combat management and communication | |
What's next...
In the late 1980s, a competitive basis began to develop a universal MBR of dual-based dual-based basic - mine and on a mobile installation. In Mita, traditionally engaged in the soil complexes, they began to develop a mobile complex, and in the KB "South" in Ukraine (Dnepropetrovsk) - mine. But in 1991, all the work was fully translated into the Moscow Institute of Heat Engineering. Design was headed by Boris Lagutin, and after his retirement in 1997 - Academician Yuri Solomonov, appointed by the General Designer of Mita.
But that is another story...
The IRK CH (the Intercontinental Rocket Complex of the Strategic Appointed) "Topol-M" (SS-X-27, Sickle "according to NATO classification) with a RC-12M2 rocket (RT-2PM2, 15J65) is the result of further modernization of the Topol missile complex ( SS-25). This complex is fully created by Russian enterprises.
Work on the creation of a new rocket complex began in the mid-1980s. By the decision of the military-industrial commission of 09.09.1989, it was prescribed to create two rocket complex (mobile and stationary), as well as a universal three-step solid fuel intercontinental ballistic missile. This experimental design work was given the name "Universal", and the designed complex - the designation of RT-2PM2. The complex was jointly developed by the Moscow Institute of Heat Engineering and the KB "South" (Ukraine, Dnepropetrovsk).
The rocket was to be unified for both complexes, however, in the initial project, a difference was assumed in the combat block breeding system. For the mine basing missile, the combat stage was supposed to be equipped with a liquid jet engine using promising monotocol, penette. For a moving complex, MIT developed a solid propelled motor installation. There were also differences in the transport and starting container (TPK). In the rolling version of TPK was to be made of fiberglass, in stationary - from the metal, with a row of a number of ground-based equipment systems on it. Therefore, the rocket for the mobile complex was assigned the 15Zh55 index, for stationary - 15Zh65.
In March 1992, it was decided to develop the "Wagon" Topol-M complex (CB "South" in April ceased in the works on this complex). On February 27, 1993, the President of the Russian Federation signed the corresponding decree (this date is considered to be the beginning of work on "Topol-M"). This Decree of MIT was appointed by the headquarters for the development of Paste-M, and the financing of work was guaranteed.
In fact, it was necessary to develop a rocket universal by type of basing. At the same time, both in the mine and in mobile variants, the rocket had to have high combat capabilities, high fire accuracy and be able to carry long-term combat duty in different degrees of readiness. In addition, it had to have high resistance to exposure agrowing factors During the flight and overcome the missile defense of the likely enemy.
RT-2PM2 / RS-12M2 complex "Topol-M" with TPK MBR "Yar" during the rehearsal of the parade in Moscow, 04.26.2011 G. Earlier it was believed that this is the APU "Yar" (Photo - Vitaly Kuzmin, http: / /VitalyKuzmin.net/)
The rocket for the ICC "Topol-M" was created as the modernization of the intercontinental ballistic missile RS-12M. The conditions of modernization were determined by the START-1 Treaty. According to this document, the new can be considered a rocket, which differs from the analog to one of the following signs:
- number of steps;
- type of fuel for any of the steps;
- the starting mass is more than 10 percent;
- the length of the collected missile without a GC (head part), or the length of the first stage of the rocket differs by more than 10 percent;
- the diameter of the first stage differs by more than 5 percent;
- throwing weight by more than 21 percent in combination with a change in the length of the first stage by 5 or more percent.
Due to these restrictions, the tactical and technical characteristics of the Rocket MRK "Topol-M" to undergo significant changes and the main differences from the analog (RT-2PM) are in the peculiarities of flight and stability during penetration through the opponent. The head part from the very beginning was developed taking into account the possibility of rapid upgrades in the event of the appearance of existing systems. anti-missile defense At the likely enemy. It is possible to install a GC with sharing warheads with individual guidance.
The Rocket Complex "Topol-M" is largely unique and approximately 1.5 times the rocket complex of the previous generation on combat readiness, survivability and maneuverability (in the mobile version), the effectiveness of the defeat of various objects, even subject to opposition from the enemy. The energy capabilities of the rocket are ensured by an increase in throwing weight, a significant decrease in the height of the active portion of the flight path, as well as effective overcoming a promising pro.
When developing the ICC of CH "Topol-M", the latest achievements of domestic rocket lighting and science were used. For the first time used new system Experimental development during tests with high regulatory modes of operation of aggregates and missile systems. This sharply reduced the traditional test volume and reduced costs without loss of reliability.
The complex is a monoblock three-step solid fuel rocket placed in the transport and starting container. The term of finding a rocket in it is at least 15 years, while the total service life is at least 20 years. Among the features of the complex:
- The ability to use available mining launchers without significant costs (only the fastening system for the container rocket changes). Mine launchers are used, which are exempt from rockets removed from weapons, and PU according to the START-2 Agreement;
- elevated, compared with the "poplar", shooting accuracy, the vulnerability of missiles during the flight from the impact of funds anti-heart defense (including nuclear) and readiness for starting;
- the ability of missiles to maneuver during flight;
- immunity to electromagnetic impulses;
- compatibility with existing management systems, communication and security.
Rocket 15Zh65 (RT-2PM2) has 3 marching steps with powerful solid fuel energy installations. Marsh rocket steps have a solid cocoon hull made of composite material. In 15zh65, unlike the "poplar" there are no lattice stabilizers and steering. The flight control is carried out by the central partially recessed rotary nozzle of the Movie engines of the three degrees of the rocket. The nozzles of the march engines are made of carbon-carbon material. For nozzles inserts used three-dimensional oriented carbon-carbon matrix.
The starting mass of the rocket is more than 47 tons. The full length of the rocket is 22.7 meters, and without the head portion, the length is 17.5 meters. The maximum diameter of the rocket housing (first step) is 1.86 meters. The mass of the head is 1.2 tons. The length of the first stage is 8.04 meters, the mass of a fully equipped stage - 28.6 tons, work time - 60 seconds. The rocket solid fuel engine of the first stage at sea level is 890 kN. The diameter of the second and third stage is 1.61 and 1.58 meters, respectively. The operation time of the steps respectively - 64 and 56 seconds. Three solid fuel marching engines provide a quick set of speeds, reducing the rocket vulnerability in the acceleration site, and modern control systems and dozens of excipients provide a maneuver in flight, making the trajectory of difficult-known for the enemy.
The monoblock thermonuclear separated warhead with the thermonuclear 550-kiloton battle block, unlike the strategic intercontinental ballistic missiles of another type, in a short time it can be replaced by a warhead with the separating headsets of the individual guidance with a capacity of 150 kilotons. In addition, the rocket of the Topol-M complex can be equipped with a maneuvering head. The new nuclear warhead, according to the media, can overcome the USA, which is confirmed by the results of the test of the complex (November 21, 2005) with the new GC. The probability of overcoming American pro currently equals 60-65 percent, in perspective - more than 80.
It should be noted that when creating the combat part of the ICBM, technologies and developments obtained when creating a combat part for the "poplar" were used as possible, which made it possible to reduce the cost and reduce the development time. New BC, despite such a unification, is much more resistant to the striking factors of the nuclear explosion and the action of weapons, which is based on new physical principlesCompared to the predecessor, it has a smaller specific mass, and also has more advanced safety mechanisms for transportation, storage and location on combat duty. Combat part It has an increased efficiency of the use of dividing materials. This headset was created without testing of nodes and parts during inventory explosions (for the first time for the domestic military industry).
Rocket 15Zh65 is supplied with a complex of means of a breakthrough of missile defense (SSP Pro Pro) in which passive and active false goals are included, as well as the means of distortion of the characteristics of the GC. False targets from combat blocks are indistinguishable in all ranges of electromagnetic radiation (laser, optical, radar, infrared). They allow you to imitate the characteristics of the BB almost in all selection features at all areas of the descending branch of their flight, are resistant to the PFA, etc. These false objectives are the first to be able to resist radar stations with superior. The means of distortion characteristics of the GC consist of radio absorbing coating, source aerosols infrared radiation, generators of active radio interference and so on.
Rocket 15Zh65 can be operated as part of a stationary (15p065) or mobile (15p165) BRC. At the same time, shaft launchers of missiles are used for the stationary option, which are removed from weapons or destroyed in accordance with START-2. The stationary grouping is created by re-equipment of mine launchers 15p735 and 15p718.
The combat stationary mine rocket complex 15P065 includes 10 missiles 15Zh65 in the starting settings 15p765-35, as well as one unified KP type 15V222 high security (placed in a mine on the suspension using special depreciation). Work on re-equipment of the ShPU 15P735 under the placement of Topol-M missiles was carried out under the leadership of Dmitry Dragun in Vympel OKB.
Rocket 15Zh65 in the process of combat duty is placed in the metallic TPK. Transport and starting container is unified for different species Shpu and combines the functions of a transport and installer. The installation unit was designed in the engine design bureau.
Intercontinental ballistic missiles "Topol-M" Mobile Bases are deployed in the composition of the complex 15P165. Mobile base rocket is placed in high-strength fiberglass transport and starting container on the chassis of high passability MZKT-79221 (MAZ-7922) with the eight axes of the Minsk Wheel Tractor Plant. Constructive TPK from the mine version is practically no different. The launcher and adaptation of it to the tractor was carried out by the TITAN CKB. Serial production of launchers is carried out at the Volgograd Production Association "Barricades". The weight of the launcher is 120 tons, the width is 3.4 meters, the length is 22 meters. Six of eight pairs of wheels are swivels (the first and last three axes), which provides exclusive maneuverability for such dimensions (turning radius, for example, is only 18 meters) and permeability. The pressure on the soil is two times less than that of a regular truck. Starting Engine - 12-cylinder V-shaped 800-Strong Diesel NMZ-847 with turbocharging. The depth of the overcome fusion is 1.1 meters. When creating aggregates and systems 15P165, several fundamentally new ones are used. solutions. For example, the incomplete hanging system allows you to deploy a starting installation "Topol-M" on soft soils. Improved maneuverability and permeability of the installation that increase its vitality. Topol-M can be launched missiles from any point of the position area and has improved disguise means against optical and other intelligence means.
Characteristics of the Topol-M missile complex make it possible to greatly increase readiness rocket forces Strategic appointment to the fulfillment of combat missions in various conditions, ensure secrecy, maneuverability of actions and the vitality of individual launchers, divisions and parts, as well as the autonomous functioning and reliability of management for a long time (without replenishment of stocks materials). The accuracy of aiming is increased almost twice, the accuracy of the definition of geodesic data is increased by one and a half times, the time of preparation for the launch is reduced by two times.
The re-equipment of parts of the rocket troops of the strategic appointment is carried out using the infrastructure. Stationary and mobile variants are fully compatible with existing communication and combat control systems.
Tactical and technical characteristics of the rocket 15Zh65:
Maximum firing range - 11000 km;
Number of steps - 3;
Starting mass - 47.1 tons (47.2 tons);
Thrown mass - 1.2 tons;
The length of the rocket without a head part is 17.5 m (17.9 m);
Rocket length - 22.7 m;
Maximum case diameter - 1.86 m;
Type of head part - nuclear, monoblock;
Equivalent of the Biasaircraft - 0.55 MT;
Circular probable deviation - 200 m;
The diameter of the TPK (without protruding parts) is 1.95 m (for 15p165 - 2.05 m).
Tactical and technical characteristics of MZKT-79221 (MAZ-7922):
Wheel formula - 16x16;
Rotation radius - 18 m;
Road clearance - 475 mm;
Mass in the curb - 40 tons (without combat equipment);
Load capacity - 80 tons;
Maximum speed - 45 km / h;
Power reserve - 500 km.
Prepared by materials:
http://rbase.new-factoria.ru.
http://www.arms-expo.ru.
http://www.kap-yar.ru.
http://army.lv
http://military-informer.narod.ru.
One of the most successful Russian accommodated complexes is considered to be the Mobile Ground Rocket Complex "Topol" (SS-25 "Sickle" on the NATO-US classification) with a RC-12M rocket. "Topol-M" is the result of further modification of the "poplar" complex and is equipped with a more advanced RC-2PM2 missile
One of the most successful Russian accommodated complexes is considered to be the Mobile Ground Rocket Complex "Topol" (SS-25 "Sickle" on the NATO-US classification) with a RC-12M rocket.
The development of an intercontinental ballistic three-step rocket RT-2PM on a solid mixture fuel weighing 45 tons with a monoblock nuclear warhead (mass 1 ton) was carried out by the Moscow Institute of Heat Engineering under the guidance of the Chief Designer Nadiradze (after his death, the development continued Lagutin) and is the further modernization of the RT-2P missile.
The first tension of the rocket was held at the Plesetsk polygon on February 8, 1983, and in 1985 the RTA-2PM rocket entered the RVSN. The RT-2PM rocket is produced in Votkinsk, its PU is a semi-axle MAZ-7310 type machine (late modifications on MAZ-7917) - at the Barricade plant in Volgograd. The entire service life of the RT-2PM rocket is carried out in a sealed transport and starting container with a length of 22 m and a diameter of 2 m. PU with weight about 100t. And very solid sizes has good mobility and passability.
Unlike the RSD-10 and Temp-2C, the Rocket of the Topol complex can be allowed from any point of the battle patrol route. If necessary, the RS-12M start can be made directly from the hangar during the parking for maintenance, through the sliding roof. For starting from an unequipped position, the PU is hanging on jacks and horizontal. Time preparation for starting about 2 minutes. Start type - mortar: After installing the "Penal" to the vertical position and shooting its top cap, the powder pumping batteries are pushed out of a rocket to a height of several meters from it, after which the first stage march engine is launched.
The RT-2PM rocket is made according to the scheme with three marching steps. A new, more perfect mixed fuel developed in Lyubertsk LPPO "Union" was applied in the rocket. At all three steps, RDTT with one fixed nozzle is installed. On the first-stage housing was placed folding rotary lattice aerodynamic steering wheel (4 pcs) used to suspend by flight jointly with gas druses and 4 lattice aerodynamic stabilizers. The housings of the upper steps were made by the method of continuous winding from organoplastic according to the scheme "Cocoon". The third stage was equipped with a transition compartment for fastening the combat part. The shooting range was controlled by the cut-off of the third stage route engine, using the cut-off knot, with eight reversible rasters and "windows", driven by detonating charges in the organoplastic power construction of the case.
Autonomous guidance system, inertial with BTVM. The head of the monoblock, the nuclear weighing about 1 t. The rocket was equipped with a complex of means of overcoming about the likely enemy. A comprehensive control system allowed to fully automate the control of the rocket in flight, preparation for the start and conducting control and regulations.
After upgrading, the rocket could be used in the Shpu.
For new complexes, mobile and stationary command points. Movable command post of combat management MBR "Topol" was placed on the chassis of a four-axle car MAZ-543M.
Mobile command points "Barrier" and Granite, equipped with a rocket, with a transmitter, instead of combat load, were used to control the fire, which, after launching the rocket, was duplicated to start the command for PU located in positional areas.
In 1984, construction of stationary basing structures and equipment of military patrol routes of mobile missile systems "Poplar" began in the positional areas of the IBR-2P and UR-100 ICB-100 on duty, located in the OS Shp. Later, it was arranged to arrange the positional areas removable from weapons under the RSMD Agreement complexes of medium range.
The complex "Topol" began to arrive in 1985. The first rocket regiment took over the combat duty near Yoshkar-Oloi on July 23, 1985. The Rocket Divisions "Popoles" were stationed near Barnaul cities, Upper Salda (Nizhny Tagil), Executive (Bologoye), Yoshkar-Ola, Teikovo, Jury, Novosibirsk, Kansk, Irkutsk, as well as at the village of the woodlovaya Chita region. Nine regiments (81 launchers) were deployed in missile divisions on the territory of Belarus - under the cities of Lida, Mozyr and Podavi. After the collapse of the USSR, part of the "poplas" remained on the territory of Belarus and were derived from it by November 27, 1996.
According to the Treaty on START-2 360 units of the Rocket Complex "Poplar" until 2007 will be reduced.
In 1986, on the basis of the second and third stage, the RT-2PM missile was developed by a mobile primer complex of the average radius of action "Speed".
Tactical and technical characteristics of the RS-12 complex complex
"Topol M"
Currently, the basis of the land component of the strategic nuclear forces of Russia is the "Topol-M" complex, manufactured by the Votkinsky engineering plant. This complex is the only serial current missile complex in Russia.
Topol-M is the result of further modification of the "poplar" complex and is equipped with a more advanced RC-2PM2 missile.
Due to the restrictions imposed on the modernization of the main provisions of the START-2 Treaty, the tactical and technical characteristics of the rocket could not undergo significant changes and the main differences from the RS-2PM lies in the features of flight and stability during penetration through the system of possible anti-missile defense of the enemy. Moreover, the head part was originally created taking into account the possibility of rapid upgrades in case of the appearance of active systems of proof. The creators do not deny the technical ability to install a head unit with separating individual guidance warheads. According to experts, they can be from three to seven.
Thanks to three, improved marching solid fuel engines, the RS-12M2 rocket began to gain the speed much faster, and several dozen auxiliary engines, devices and mechanism of control make it also difficult and difficult to predict for the enemy. In RS-12M2, in contrast to its predecessor, there are no lattice aerodynamic stabilizers, an improved guidance system (insensitive to powerful electromagnetic pulses) was used, a more efficient mixed charge is used.
According to the plans of the leadership of Russia and the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the "Topol-M" will have to replace 270 complexes of mine basing with rockets equipped with separating head units. This is, first of all, ballistic liquid rockets of RS-20 systems (SS-18 in Western classification), RS-18 (SS-19), RS-16 (SS-17) and solid fuel RS-22 (SS-24), created yet At the beginning of the eighties. Over time, 350 rolling complexes "Poplar" will be added to these missiles, to replace which the mobile version of the "Poplar-M" based on an eight-axis tractor is developed. According to the latest plans of the government in 2004, it is planned to begin testing the mobile version of the Topol-M complex.
In the process of combat duty, Topol-M rocket will be located in the transport and launch container. It is assumed that it will be operated in the composition of both stationary (in mining launchers) and mobile complexes. At the same time, in the stationary version, it is advisable to use mine starting settings (SPUs) of missiles, removed from weapons or destroyed in accordance with the START-2 Treaty. The revision of these Ships should ensure the impossibility of installing the "heavy" ICBM and includes the fill of the concrete layer to the bottom of the shaft, as well as the installation of a special restrictive ring at the top. The placement of Topol-M missiles to the existing SPU modified in this way will significantly reduce the cost of development and placement of the complex. The starting method is active-reactive ("mortar").
The re-equipment of parts of the RVSN is carried out using the already available infrastructure. Mobile and stationary options are fully compatible with an existing combat management system and communication.
When creating systems and aggregates of the mobile launcheling, the complex "Topol-M" used fundamentally new technical solutions. So, the system of incomplete hanging makes it possible to deploy PU "Topol-M" even on soft soils. Improved permeability and maneuverability of the installation, which increases its vitality. Topol-M is able to make starts from any point of the positional area (and not from a limited number of predetermined positions), and also has improved disguise means both against the optical and other intelligence means.
TECHNICAL SHAFTER CATCHESTERS: Caulted FOPMULA - 16x16, Updated Types and Printing OCI, Padioc - 18 m, DOPOZNE PPOCE - 475 mm, PPEOnable BDOd - 1.1 m, Tires - 1.600x600-685, Macca in Snaping Cottage - 40.000 kg, gpuzapodnapodnost - 80.000 kg, engine - V12 Diesel YAMZ-847 MOCILLY 800 l. c., CKOPOCE - 45 km / h, the extrovex is 500 km.
Characteristics of the RK "Topol-M" allow you to significantly increase the readiness of the RVSN to perform the combat missions in any conditions, to ensure maneuverability, security actions and the survivability of parts, units and individual starting plants, as well as management reliability and autonomous operation for a long time (without replenishment reserves of material means).
Rockets are equipped with monoblock warheads, but, in contrast to all other strategic missiles, it may be minted in the shortest possible time to be separated by the separating head units capable of carrying up to three charges. If necessary, if restrictions under the START-2 Agreement will be removed, several combat units with individual guidance (RGCH) can be installed on this monoblock rocket.
The main advantages of the RK "Topol-M" are in the peculiarities of flight and combat resistance in penetration through the system of possible anti-missile defense of the enemy. Three marching solid fuel engines allow a rocket to dial the speed much faster than all previous types of missiles. Higher energy rocket reduces the effectiveness of pro at the active site of the trajectory. Several dozen auxiliary engines, devices and mechanism of control make this rapid flight are also difficult to predict for the enemy. In addition, the RS-12M2 rocket carries whole complex Breakthrough means about more than American MX with 10 warheads. Finally, according to Western sources, a maneuvering headset has been created for Popol-M (Russian sources of such information do not contain); If this is true, Topol-M embodies a major breakthrough in the means of overcoming the missile defense.
However, "Topol-M" apparently is not an ideal complex; Support on it seems to be largely caused by the absence of alternatives. During the discussion around the Treaty of START-2, its shortcomings were disclosed in numerous publications. In accordance with this information, the "Poplar" has a relatively small speed and low security, which limits its ability to exit from under the impact with a short prevention time and makes it vulnerable to striking nuclear explosion factors, such as a shock wave. Although the "Topol-M", apparently, managed to improve, its wigsabaric characteristics are close to the "Topol", and this puts objective limits on the way of overcoming the above deficiencies.
Tactically specific characteristics of PC-12M2 "Topol-M" (Russia)
| Arms year | 1997 |
| Maximum shooting range, km | 10000 |
| Number of steps | 3 |
| Starting mass, t | 47,1 |
| Throwing weight, t | 1,2 |
| Length of the rocket without a head, m | 17,5 |
| Length of the rocket with the head part, m | 22,7 |
| Maximum rocket diameter, m | 1,86 |
| Number of combat units, pcs | 1 |
| Type of head | monoblock, nuclear, separated |
| Mattress of combat charge, MT | 0,55 |
| Shooting accuracy (CVO), m | 350 |
| Type of fuel | solid mixed |
| Type of control system | Autonomous, inertial on the basis of BCVK |
| Way of start | Mortary |
| Basing method | Mine and mobile |
Russian civilization
July 23, 2010 marks 25 years since that day, soil mobile intercontinental missiles "Poplar" were delivered to combat duty.
RT-2PM "Poplar" (the index of the main rocket-artillery management of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Grau) - 15Zh58, the code of START RS-12M, according to NATO classification - "SERP", SS-25 "Sickle") - a strategic mobile complex with a three-stage solid fuel intercontinental RT-2PM ballistic missile, first Soviet mobile complex with an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBD).
Development of a draft strategic mobile complex with a three-stage intercontinental ballistic rocket, suitable for accommodating a self-propelled car chassis (based on solid fuel ICBM RT-2P), was launched at the Moscow Institute of Heat Engineering under the direction of Alexander Nadiramze in 1975. The Government's Decision on the development of the complex was published on July 19, 1977. After the death of Nadiradze, the work was continued under the guidance of Boris Lagutin.
The mobile complex should have become a response to increasing the accuracy of American ICBM. It was necessary to create, achieved not by the construction of reliable shelters, but by creating an opponent of uncertain ideas about the place of finding a rocket.
The conditions of modernization were strictly limited by the provisions of the AUC-2 Treaty, which determined the modest improvement in the basic characteristics of the rocket. The first experienced launch of the rocket, which received the designation of the RT-2PM, took place at the Plesetsk polygon on February 8, 1983. The launch was made from the re-equipped mine of stationary rockets of RT-2P.
By the end of the autumn of 1983, an experienced series of new missiles was built. On December 23, 1983, flight tests began at the Plesetsk polygon. For all the time, only one start was unsuccessful. In general, the rocket showed high reliability. There were also tests and combat units of the entire combat missile complex (BRC). In December 1984, the main series of tests was completed and decided to start serial production complexes. However, completely testing the mobile complex, called the "Poplar", ended only in December 1988.
Do not expect the full completion of the joint test program, with the aim of accumulating the experience of the operation of the new complex in military units, On July 23, 1985, under the city of Yoshkar-Oloa, the first regiment of mobile "poplars" was deployed at the site of the dislocation of RT-2P rockets.
The RT-2PM rocket is made according to the scheme with three marching and combat steps. To ensure high energy mass perfection and increasing the shooting range in all flight steps, a new high-density fuel was used with a specific impulse, increased by several units compared to fillers of previously created engines, and the tops of the upper steps were first performed by a continuous winding from organoplastic according to the scheme "Cocoon ".
The first stage of the rocket consists of a march rocket Engine On solid fuel (RDTT) and tail compartment. The mass of a fully equipped stage is 27.8 tons. It is 8.1 m and a diameter of 1.8 m. The first-stage Marsh RTT has one fixed centrally placed nozzle. Cylindrical tail compartment, on the outer surface of which aerodynamic steering wheel and stabilizers are placed.
The rocket flight control on the operation site of the first stage is carried out due to rotary gas forces and aerodynamic steering wheel.
The second stage consists of a connecting compartment of the conical shape and a marching RDTT. The diameter of the housing is 1.55 m.
The third stage includes connecting and transitional conical shape compartments and a marching RDTT. Case diameter - 1.34 m.
The head of the rocket consists of one combat block (nuclear) and the compartment with a propulsion installation and control system.
The control system is inertial-type, built using an on-board computing machine, microcircuits with a high degree of integration, a new complex of command instruments with float sensitive elements. Computing complex control systems allows you to implement autonomous combat application self-propelled launcher.
The control system ensures the flight control of the rocket, conducting regulatory work on the rocket and launchers, pre-commission preparation and launch of the rocket, as well as solving other tasks.
In the process of operation, the RT-2PM rocket is located in a transport and starting container placed on a mobile starting unit. The length of the container is 22.3 m and a diameter of 2.0 m.
The launcher is mounted on the basis of the semi-alend chassis of the MAZ car and is equipped with aggregates and systems providing transportation, maintaining a set degree of combat readiness, preparation and conducting a rocket launch.
The launch of the rocket is possible both when finding a start-up installation in a stationary shelter with a sliding roof and from unequipped positions, if it allows relief of the area. To start a missile, the launcher is hanging on jacks and horizontal. The launch of the rocket is made after lifting the container in a vertical position using a powder battery of the pressure placed in the transport and starting container ("mortar start").
After shooting a protective cap of the rocket container, the rocket is thrown out of it with powder starting engines a few meters upwards, where the first-stage margine engine is turned on.
Maximum firing range - 10,500 km. The length of the rocket is 21.5 m. The starting mass of 45.1 tons. The mass of the head part is 1 t. The power of the nuclear fuel engineering is 0.55 mt. Shooting accuracy (limit deviation) - 0.9 km. The combat patrol area of \u200b\u200bthe complex - 125 thousand square meters. km.
The mass of the launching with a rocket is about 100 tons. Despite this, the complex has good mobility and permeability.
Boarding (preparation time for the start) From the moment of receipt of the order until the rocket has been brought to two minutes.
The rocket complex also includes a movable combat management team on a four-axle MAZ-543M chassis. Mobile command points "Granite" and "Barrier", armed with a rocket, which had a radio transmitter instead of a combat load, were used to control fire. After starting the rocket, it duplicated starting commands for starting plants located on remote positions.
The mass production of RT-2PM rocket was deployed in 1985 at the factory in Votkinsk (Udmurtia), and its mobile starting unit was manufactured at the Volgograd Barricade Plant.
On December 1, 1988, the new missile complex was officially adopted by the rocket forces of strategic appointment (RVSH). In the same year, a full-scale deployment of rocket regiments with a complex "Poplar" and the simultaneous removal from the combat duty of outdated ICBMs began. By mid-1991, 288 missiles of this type were deployed.
Rocket Divisions "Popoles" were stationed near Barnaul cities, Upper Salda (Nizhny Tagil), Executive (Bologoye), Yoshkar-Ola, Teikovo, Yuryja, Novosibirsk, Kansk, Irkutsk, as well as the village of the woodwoman of the Chita region. Nine regiments (81 launchers) were deployed in missile divisions on the territory of Belarus - under the cities of Lida, Mozyr and Podavi. Part of the "poplars" remaining in the territory of Belarus after the collapse of the USSR was derived from it by November 27, 1996.
Annually produced by one control launch of the Rocket "Poplar" from Pleetsk Polygon. The high reliability of the complex says the fact that during its tests and operation was made about fifty tested launches of missiles. All of them passed trouble-free.
On the basis of the ICBM "Topol" developed a conversion space missile carrier "Start". Rocket launches "Start" are carried out with the cosmodrome Plesetsk and free.
Material prepared on the basis of open sources information
Suppose the rocket starts from the American continent, with a period of a few seconds. After 3-4 minutes, the APRN officer receives a rocket attack signal. Another 2-3 minutes the message reaches the country's leadership, and it begins to think. At best, 10-13 minutes after the start, the team comes on the "Poplar" about the start of the rockets - they go out of the garages, or stop at a specified point of the route, and begin to unfold (the supports are descended, the rockets are rake, the coordinates are lifted and injected them in computer).
While all the calculations do it - this is, at best, 8 minutes. And so, 20 minutes passed, the first starts began.
After 25-30 minutes, almost all installations can shoot, the last rockets can be destroyed by the explosions of American 500-kiloton warheads.
But this will suede, at best, with a fully working SPRN, with communication systems (which can be contaminated in order to deal with the group of saboteurs), the presence of decisive people in the country's leadership, as well as the start of missiles from the American territory, and not from somewhere , Turkey, moderate or Central Asia, from submarines in a quiet or northern ice-bearing ocean, the Mediterranean, or from the Persian Gulf. Time is rapid in this case, it is reduced to ... 8 minutes.
If any of these conditions is not, Tom "Poplar" will be seen from satellites and are simply shot.
American satellites could already monitor part of the trains by nuclear missiles, which are indistinguishable from dozens of compositions along with them. What to say now, after 20 years, after what happened in the military sphere of the scientific and technical revolution .. After 5, they will increase their opportunity.
The satellite of radar intelligence "Spot" can distinguish an object on Earth, up to 10 meters, "Lacross" of the VEGA series, worth half a billion dollars - up to 1 meter. It can distinguish the tank from BMP, not to mention the poplar tractor, 25 meters in length and 5 width. These satellites are not noise no night, nor fog, no thick layer of clouds - using a giant radar antenna, they are able to identify the enemy objects, even if they are disguised, covered with snow or sand, hidden by foliage, artificial smoke curtain or tarpaulin trend. Is now being developed by less expensive "disco-2" capable of obtaining three-dimensional radar images ground surface With a resolution of 0.3 m and produce the selection of moving purposes. By 2010, the United States intends to bring 24 such satellites into space, which will have to fly over any point of land every 15 minutes. The object of detection can also solve satellites of optical-electronic intelligence type KN11 and KN12 (15 cm), geological satellites "Landsat-7" (15 m), cartographic satellites "Kvik Berd-2" (0.6 m), satellites of hyperspectral shooting MIGHTYSAT Ii (under the program "Whafayter-1" until 2010 it is planned to create and deploy a space group based on these satellites) (cm.1).
Already, the Americans are now around the clock receive information from the Basing Places of Patoles (Angara Actually, and the network of roads from concrete slabs).
If you keep "Poplar" where they are now placed, they can be destroyed right on their parkingians, either to go grounds, even if they are moving.
Consider ourselves: the radius of the defeat (cm.2) in 500-CT warheads - 3.6 kilometers (shock wave of 40 kPa, necessary for partial destruction of buildings type objects, "Popoles"), 100-CT warheads - 2.2 kilometers . This means that, in principle, the "poplar", which comes at its speed 45 km / h can leave the dangerous zone of destruction in 5 minutes or 3 minutes, respectively.
From the zone of "tipping" the rocket of the shock wave in 20 kPa (500-CT - it is 6 km, at 100-CT - 4 km) - 8 minutes and 5 minutes.
From the zone of the defeat (cm.3) by the radiation of a practically not protected "Poplar", the crew of which will not be able to perform the task when expulsing more than 5000 x-rays / h, "Topol" to leave - with an explosion of 500 kD (radius - 13 km) 17 minutes, at 100 CT - 7 minutes.
But you can beat the "volley" of several warheads, entering into a mobile complex in a trap (especially dangerous in this OHIO submarine plan, carrying 24 modernized Rockets Trydent II D5, which are installed 14 warheads that have accuracy of getting 100).
To get away from all these affecting factors, the speed of more than 400 km / h is needed.
If we use them not as now, but by appointment - constantly moving through the fields, forests, roads, steppes, the possibility of their detection by American satellites does not decrease not much, but the problem of militants or saboteurs with grenade launches or "stinger" will be added to and satellite navigation systems (actually, at night they can wade on the bases themselves). They will be able to destroy the complexes "Poplar" still on Earth, or shoot the starting Rockets of the CRKK with infrared heads of homing (after all, the thermal "torch" of the rocket is much more than the aircraft, and it flies slower and does not maneuver).
When conducting conventional fighting, "Poplar" does not at all in any comparison with a mine capable of withstanding nuclear explosion! After all, the tractor "Poplar" can be destroyed by any low-power bomb that exploded nearby, any rocket. "Poplar" can be stopped even by Fugas, and shoot his crew from large-caliber sniper rifles.
Now it is - detectable and vulnerable to all affecting factors slow in in the deployment system.
Conclusion: Mobile complexes "Topol" were well complemented by the Soviet nuclear arsenals, but now the very idea of \u200b\u200b"poplar", according to which "can not be stopped in advance", nominated in the early 80s - outdated. Its "advantages in inconsistency" are leveled by the appearance in the orbit of modern satellites of radar intelligence, which took place in the early 90s (i.e. it must be taken as a given). The placement of intercontinental missiles on a mobile chassis has to be recognized in impractical, since in the event of a real military conflict, for which they are actually done, in modern conditions a very small percentage of such complexes will be able to perform a combat task. This complex cannot fully fulfill the task of the response-counter strike (on the prevention of SPRN), and it is not capable of acting.
Make the main emphasis on these complexes - to cause the fiction of the temptation to apply the first "disarming" blow.
We said many times that there are no such complexes from other states - this is why there is no ...
And in the States, they understand perfectly well, and write in the articles like "The Rise Of ..." Foreign Affairs.
And in addition ... a few quotes about a missile attack warning system (see.4):
As of May 2006, three satellites are working as part of the Space Echelon of the Early Warning System: one geostationary (space-2379) and two satellites on high-elliptical orbits (space-2388 and space-2393).
SATLERS COSMOS-2388 (VEO, Run made 01.04.02, Number in the catalog NORAD 27409) and space-2393 (VEO, 12/24/02, 27613) - ... Designed to detect ballistic missile starts from the United States and cannot detect Starts of marine base missiles ... Space-2379 (GSO, 24.08.01, 26892), located on a geostationary orbit ... was developed for the UC-KMO system, which should ensure the global coverage of all rocket stuffy areas. This system has not yet been deployed to date.
(The Center for Studying Disarmament Problems at MFTI SPRN and Defense - Strategic Nuclear Arms of Russia)
Newspaper Washington Post February 10, 1999 published two articles by David Hoffman, dedicated to the state russian system Warnings about a missile attack (SPRN). In particular, the author of the article referred to Paul Podav, the scientific officer of our center: "... only three satellites continue to function ... every 24 hours the satellite system on the high-elliptical orbits" blind "for two periods, the duration of which is six and one hour respectively...".
"Hole" in observation today in total is about 9 (!) Watches per day. She moves depending on the time of year. For example, our military does not see American missile databases on the continent during the day, and in the winter they will not be able to control them at night ... There are only three satellites left in orbit, "Mary Kudryavtseva, new news, June 29, 1999, p. 1-2 )
"... Major General V.Z. Dvorkin commented on the information published in the Washington Post newspaper, but refused to talk about the existing opportunities of the Russian SPRN register launches of missiles:" ... speak now or confirm how many hours we see or not see , I just can't, because it is a state secret. If I tell you, regardless of the dependence of it or bad numbers, the next interview you will take with my bastard. "(NTV news, release 22:00, February 10, 1999)
"Currently, Russia simply will not see the start of the Trident missiles from submarines located in the water area of \u200b\u200bthe Atlantic or Pacific Ocean. Almost the same can be said about Minitman's missiles and MX running from the bases in the continental part of the United States," False Alarm, Nuclear Danger (by Geoffrey Forden, Pavel Podvig and Theodore A. Postol, Ieee Spectrum, March 2000, V37, N 3.).
Search
We can notify you about new articles,