The main combat tank (OBT) is a term assigned to a combat vehicle capable of combining high maneuverability, security as well as fireproof. An example of the Soviet OBT serves a heavy T-80 tank, which carries its service for 42 years.

This is the first car, where a gas turbine installation, ahead of its time, was used as the engine designers. According to the Western Military District, about 4,000 units of technology is now in the army of the Russian Federation. In total, more than 10,000 cars of various modifications, including 6000 T-80 tans, were issued.

How to create a legendary car

In fact, the roots of the Code of the T-80 go to distant 1942-1948 of the last century. It was then that the designer Alexander Strainsenko designed the first tank with a gas turbine engine instead of a standard diesel engine. Unfortunately, the project was not launched, but was not forgotten. After seven years in 1955, the designers of cleaning and Reloblin on the Leningrad Kirov plant were designed and released "Object 278", with the engine GTD-1.

Its capacity was a thousand horsepower. This machine, which had a mass of 53.6 taway developed no comic speed for its weight - as much as 57.3 km / h. But again failure - released a little earlier version with a diesel engine "object" were rejected by Khrushchev, and the tank again went to the shadow, this time for three years.

In 1963, together with the new average tank T-64, its gas turbine version was designed under the code title T-64T.

The design continued to modify until 1976. In the end, there are few "sixty-four". In addition to the engine, the chassis, shape of the body, even the tower was redone. The designers left only a tool, the charging and ammunition machine.

And in the summer of 1976, the USSR army received an order for a completely new main combat tank called "T-80". The technique turned out to be successful and suitable for deep modification, which continued until the end of the nineties. That is how the thorny and complex path of our "eight-dimensional" began.

Construction features and changes

Although the T-80 was, on the fact that the "sixty fourth", changes in its design abundantly, and concerns not only the engine. The layout was left the former - classic, the crew consists of three people. But the driver mechanic got at once three inspection devices, although earlier had only one.

In contrast to the predecessors, the designers added the possibility of heating its place with warm air from the turbine compressor.

The case of T-80 was still welded. The angle of inclination of his frontal part was also decided not to change - it remained equal to 68 °. The crew protection is differentiated, the windows of the body of the equipment consist of a multilayer combination booking. Materials - steel with ceramics. The remaining armor is steel, with various angles of inclination and thickness. The boards are covered with special protective screens, from reinforced rubber, this decision has improved protection against cumulative shells.

Within the equipment there is a polymer piping that performs several functions. In case of breaking down the armor with kinetic shells, the piping reduces the breakdown of fragments inside the machine, thereby increasing the protection of the crew. The second function is to reduce the impact of gamma radiation. To prevent irradiation on radioactive areas of the area, a special plate was installed under the seat of the driver mechanic designers. The mass of the tank varies depending on the modifications - from 42 to 46 tons.

The tower initially in the T-80 was cast, with a thickness of 450 mm in the thick place. In 1985, a replacement was carried out on a more modern, welded with a smaller number of vulnerable zones. After modernization, there is the possibility of fastening the dynamic protection "Contact-1/2" and "Cactus". Designers posted the equipment of the underwater driving tank on the feed of the tower, in such a way to cover the MTO compartment and ensuring additional protection.

Weapons T-80

The tank has an in stock 125 mm smooth-bore gun 2A46-1, later 2A46-2 / 2A46M-1, capable of shooting controlled missiles like "Cobra", "Invar", "Reflex-M". Shot of a straight entry - 4000 meters, rockets fly to 5000 meters. The ammunition accommodates podcastberry, fragantic fuzasny and, of course, cumulative shells, with a separate sleeve charge. The total number varies from the modifications of the tank (38-45 charges).

Processing mechanism Designers were also transferred from T-64a.

The carousel of the mechanized combat laying T-80 accommodates 28 shells, the average rate of 6-9 shots. On serial samples, the gun received the thermocouples. Tank is equipped with paired, caliber 7.62 mm. In the turret of the commander there is an anti-aircraftic 12.7 mm "Rock", a range of fire 1500 meters in air and 2000 meters for ground targets.

The table shows TTX various T-80 tanks

A type	T-80	T-80B	T-80U.	T-80UD
Plant designer	Kirov Plant Heavy Tank Building			Kharkov Heavy Tank Building Plant
Tank entered the troops	1976	1978	1986	1987
Mass of technology	42	42,5	46	46
Main dimensions
Length, (mm)	6781	6983	7013	7021
Width, (mm)	3526	3583	3604	3756
Height, (mm)	2300	2220	2216	2216
Clearance, (mm)	450			527
Availability and type of dynamic protection of the machine
Dynamic armor	Not	"Contact-1"	"Contact-5"	"Cactus"
Active defense	Not			"Curtain"
Armor	Cast, welded, combined
Weapons T-80
Main implement	2A46	2A46-2 2A46M-1	2A46M-1 2A46M-4	2A46-1
Shooting range, m	0-4000
Bottop Tanka	40	38	45	45
Crew T-80	3
Engine
A type	Gas turbine (GTD)			Diesel
Power, hp	1000	1110	1200	1000
Maximum asphalt speed	70			60
Country road speed	40-50
Engine power	23,8	25,7	21,73	21,6
Fuel reserve	1845
Fuel consumption l / km	3,65
Suspension	Torsion

Engine and transmission

The main difference between the T-80 from predecessors and contemporaries is a gas turbine engine. The designers had to increase the length of the housing, due to its longitudinal location. The engine weight is 1050 kilograms, and the maximum speed is about 26 thousand revolutions per minute. In the engine compartment there are four tanks with a combustible total capacity of 1140 liters. The main advantage of the GTD is its multi-fuel.

The engine has been successfully operating at a varied aircraft fuel (TC-1/2), as well as on diesel fuel and low-octane gasoline. Thanks to the turbine exhaust sent back, the noise visibility of the tank decreased noticeably, which had a positive effect on the overall disguise.

To facilitate the start of a gas turbine engine on the T-80, designers installed the engine automotive system (SURA). This made it possible to increase its wear resistance of 10 times. The engine starts ranging from -40 ° to + 40 ° on Celsius scale. Operational readiness 3 minutes, oil consumption at the engine is minimal.

The transmission was strongly reworked compared to T-64.

The increased mass and power caused the designers to replace the drive and guide wheels supporting and supporting rollers. New caterpillars acquired rubberized tracks. Some experts consider telescopic shock absorbers with a tank beacher, but their replacement is not difficult even in the field. Thanks to these changes, the chassis of T-80 is considered better in its class.

Comparison with the common enemy

On the right of the main competitor T-80 is the American main. This is quite logical, because the cars entered the armament of their countries approximately simultaneously. American competitor younger than a domestic tank for only 4 years.

An interesting fact is also the fact that both cars are equipped with gas turbine engines. At the same time, the sizes of T-80 is less than M1A1. This makes it less noticeable on the battlefield. Although with the possibilities of modern high-precision weapons, this is a rather controversial advantage, for which the designers had to sacrifice the engine heat exchanger.

According to the given data, the degree of air purity of the M1A1 engine is one hundred percent, and T-80 is 1.5% less. But in the conditions of the desert, Abrams for some reason more difficult to exploit. It bothers the American engine, due to the clogged filter. Domestic equivalent feels perfectly with any weather and climatic conditions.

The mass M1A1 is 60 tons, a stroke of 395-430 kilometers with a maximum speed of 70 km / h. Our T-80 boasts 46 tons of live weight, and 355 kilometers of stroke. This can be determined by a lower fuel consumption of Abrams. Corrected by the establishment of additional tanks on the T-80 case, unfortunately, it does not allow to increase the ceiling speed of 60 km / h.

The American's armament is slightly different from the Soviet competitor.

M1A1 is equipped with a 120 mm smooth-bore cannon, with ammunition 40 shells (against our 45 in T-80U). It is possible to fire with podkaliber and cumulative shells managed by rockets. The instrument of the gun is carried out manually, therefore the number of tankers is equal to four. On the Tower of Abrams installed 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun, Two more 7.62 mm paired with the main tool.

The most important question is the price. The cost of M1A1 Abrams is approximately 6 million dollars. T-80 does the execution of about two million, which is cheaper.
It is better to argue whose main combat tank to infinity. The pros and cons of each, the most important thing is that they meet only on tank competitions, sheets in the cell and virtual space.

Oddly enough, the technique created to protect the frontiers of the Soviet Motherland in their protection participation did not accept. No copy of the T-80 in battles for the USSR did not participate. First combat application It happened in the territory of the Russian Federation in the fall of 1993.

It was the "eighties" fired on the building of the "White House" in Moscow.

And then there was Chechnya. From 1995 to 1996, T-80 tanks participated in battles against the Republic of Ichkeria. I would like to note that the technique was used inadequately, sometimes not for its intended purpose.

Poor crew preparation, lack of dynamic protection, the use of cars in urban and mountain conditions led to losses. The command made conclusions and in the second Chechen campaign T-80 was no longer used.

It should be said that the majority of tanks after the collapse of the USSR remained on the territory of Ukraine, together with the Kharkov plant on which this technique has been produced.

Victory Virtual Space

Tank T-80 is associated with gamers with the confrontation of the USSR - USA. In most games where these superpowers face foreheads, the main armored force of the country of the Council is this car. New "Free To Play" Games, such as Armored Warfare, also promise this copy of Soviet equipment at the end of the branch of pumping. It is popular with the developers of military strategies.

The T-80 became the final chord of the Soviet designers who worked on the creation of the technique of 10 years.

In 2015, the Government of the Russian Federation decided to replace this model of technology on. Replacement is the futility of tank upgrading.

Instead, the newest Tanks "Armat" will also come to the troops. It is impossible to say that this is the end of the T-80, because the replacement will occur gradually, and the technique will last long lasting his homeland. Especially in the cold regions of Russia, where the gas turbine engine is a good trump card in the sleeve. Still, for a tank of 42 years - the smallest of forces, and in no way the end of the life path.

Video

T-80 tank is a vivid example of how heavily-like techniques can hide serious disadvantages. At one time, the Russian military command considered the T-80 high-class car, but these tanks suffered large losses in battles with light-weapon militants during the first Chechen war. After that, he never managed to restore his reputation.

So it should not happen. T-80 tank has become the last major combat tank designed in the Soviet Union. It was the first Soviet tank equipped with a gas turbine engine, and as a result he got the opportunity to move on roads with a maximum speed of 70 kilometers per hour, and also possessed a large power per unit of weight, which was 25.8 horsepower per ton.

Thanks to this, the standard T-80B tank has become one of the fastest and maneuverable among those produced in the 1980s.

The combat skill of Chechen rebels and unsuccessful Russian tactics are more likely to loss T-80 tanks than their design. Nevertheless, he had significant drawbacks. Ultimately, the T-80 was too expensive, and in addition, he consumed too much fuel. The Russian military after a while made a choice in favor of a more economical T-72 tank.

T-80 became the further development of its predecessor - T-64 tank. Being Samoa modern model The late 1960s and the early 1970s, T-64 tank was distinguished from simple on its design machines, which preferred tips, such as T-54/55 and T-62.

Context

Russia adopts tank T-90M

The National Interest 04.02.2018 The National Interest 11/24/2017

What tank is better: chinese "type 99", m1 "Abrams" or T-90

The National Interest 01/25/2018 For example, T-64 was the first Soviet tank, in which instead of the charging, the charging machine appeared, and as a result, the crew was declined from four to three people. The second innovation of the T-64, which created a certain trend, was to use compositional armor, in which ceramics and steel layers were used, and as a result, the tank security was increased in comparison with the use of steel sheets alone.

In addition, the T-64 was equipped with light steel support rollers of small diameter, while large rubber rollers were used on the T-55 and T-62.

The first T-64A model was released with a 125-mm gun 2A46 "Rapira", which became so popular that it began to establish on all subsequent Russian tanks - right up to T-90. It is noteworthy that as a result, the weight of T-64a was only 37 tons, which is quite small for the tank of this size.

But no matter how wonderful these innovations should be recognized that the T-64 had a capricious engine 5TF and an unusual suspension, which often broke. For this reason, the Soviet army specifically sent such tanks into those parts that were stationed near the Kharkov plant, where they were manufactured.

But that's not all. There were rumors that the new automatic charging system takes off the hands of the hazardous tankers, which were too close from it. This is likely to consider the tiny internal space of T-64 tank.

Solving the problems of T-64a, the tips began to think about creating a new tank with a motor equipped with a gas turbine. Gas turbine engines have high pickup and have a good power / weight ratio. They are easily triggered in cold weather without preheating, which is important in the conditions of harsh Russian winters. And besides, they are light.

If we talk about disadvantages, the gas turbine engines consume a lot of fuel and more sensitive to dirt and dust, which is the result of an increased air intake in comparison with conventional diesel engines.

The initial base model of T-80 tank was adopted only in 1976 - much later than planned. The Soviet tank industry was engaged in the correction of shortcomings of T-64 tanks, and the production of T-72 was preparing, because it was a cheaper backup option. At the same time, the tips have increased the production of T-55 and T-62 tanks for their Arab allies who have lost hundreds of armored vehicles during the War of the Day in 1973.

The first T-800 models also had their own problems. In November 1975, the exister then the Minister of Defense Andrei Grechko banned the further production of these tanks due to too much fuel consumption and a slight increase in firepower in comparison with T-64a. And only five months later, the successor of Grechko Dmitry Ustinov allowed the serial production of this new tank.

The construction of the first T-80 model lasted only two years, since it exceeded it in its characteristics T-64B tank, which had a new fire management system, which entered the shooting from the main tool with 9M112 "Cobra" missiles. An even more important point was that the T-80 cost almost three and a half times more expensive than the T-64a.

At the change of the base model in 1978, the T-80B tank came. He was considered the most modern and high-class tank in the East, and therefore most of the T-80B went to the highest risk sites - to the group soviet troops in Germany.

For a high speed, he was called "Tank La Mansha". In the Soviet military games it was believed that the T-80b will be able to reach the shores of the Atlantic Ocean in five days - provided that they will not end fuel.

The new Soviet tank borrowed a lot in T-64. In addition to the podkalibel, cumulative and anti-empty fragmentation projectiles, its 125-mm smooth-bore canter 2A46M-1 could have launches of the same rockets 9k112 "Cobra".

Since anti-tank controlled rockets were significantly more expensive than ordinary tank shells, in the amp of this tank there were only four rockets, but 38 shells. Rockets were designed to shoot down impact helicopters And to strike the machines with the systems installed on them outside the firing range by ordinary shells of T-80B tank.

Paired with a gun 7,62-mm Machine gun PKT and 12.7-mm Machine gun NSW "Rock" on the commander turret made up a complex of anti-personnel weapons of this tank.

T-80 could already boast of modern composite armor, but even greater armor provided him with a complex of dynamic protection (KDZ) "Contact 1". The T-80 tanks equipped with horizontal layers (similar KDZ configuration was the last T-72a models) were called T-80BV.

In 1987, the T-80U began to be made instead of the T-80B, although on the total number they did not exceed their predecessors.

On the tank T-80U, the system of dynamic protection "Contact-5" was installed. It was an improved version of the KDZ "Contact-1", which consisted of hinged containers with explosives, while the "Contact-5" system had a set of filled factory manufacturers to deviate an attacking ammunition. The "Contact 1" system is effective only against cumulative shells, while the "Contact 5" system also protects against kinetic armor-piercing shells with a separated pallet.

Inside the T-80U instead of the fire control system 1A33, which was equipped with the T-80B models, a more modern system 1A45 was installed. Engineers replaced the "Cobra" missiles on a laser rocket-controlled Rocket 9k119 "Reflex". This is a more reliable weapon with a greater range and more defeat. The T-80 tank placed on seven 125-mm shells more than in T-80b.

However, T-80U tank was carried out long. His new power plant GTD-1250 still consumed too much fuel and was difficult to maintain. Instead, they began to produce a diesel model T-80D. It was the last version of T-80 tank. soviet production. It was also the first model that was able to see in action outside the landfill ... if under the "action" to understand the shelling from the tank gun of the Russian parliament in October 1993 during the constitutional crisis.

In December 1994, the war began against separatists in Chechnya, where the T-80 was used for the first time ... and it became an epic scales for him.

When the rebels in Chechnya proclaimed independence, Russian President Boris Yeltsin ordered the troops to return this former Soviet republic to Russia with the help of force. The created grouping includes T-80B and T-80 BV. Crews were not prepared to fight on tanks T-80. They did not know about his voraciousness and sometimes completely burned the stock of fuel at idle.

The offensive of the Russian Armed Forces on the Chechen capital The city of Grozny was more like a bloody slaughter for the coming. In the period from December 31, 1994 to the next day, about a thousand soldiers died, and 200 units of technology were destroyed. The most modern Russian tanks T-80B and T-80BV in the composition of the Russian Coming Group, suffered terrible losses.

Although the T-80 is well protected from direct head-out hips, many tanks were destroyed as a result of catastrophic explosions, and their towers flew after numerous shots of Chechen militants from RPG-7B and RPG-18 grenade launchers.

It turned out that the chain of charging T-80 "Basket" had a fatal flaw in the design. In the automatic charging system, the finished shells were stored in a vertical position, and they only partially protected the support rollers. The head of the support rollers in the side of the tank shot from RPG often caused the detonation of ammunition and led to a breakdown of the tower.

In this regard, the T-72A and T-72B were punished in a similar way, however, they had a slightly greater probability of survival in the event of a side hit, because their automatic charge system used the horizontal arrangement of the ammunition, which were below the rims of support rollers.

The second essential deficiency of the T-80, as in the previous Russian tanks, was associated with minimal corners of the vertical elevation and the decline of the gun. From the tank it was impossible to shoot the rebels, which led fire from the upper floors of buildings or basements.

Justice to say that the cause large losses There was a weak passage of crews, lack of travelery and catastrophic tactics. Russia so in a hurry to start martialctionsthat T-80bv tanks entered the Grozny, without filling in explosives of dynamic protection containers, which made this defense useless. They even said that some soldiers sold explosives in order to earn additional money to their scarce cash.

The Russian army by that time completely forgot the difficult lessons of fighting in the urban conditions of the Second World War. During the Cold War, only the special forces divisions and the Berlin garrison were prepared for the maintenance of such fights. Not expecting significant resistance, Russian troops entered the Grozny, and at the same time the soldiers were in BMP and BTRRs. Their commanders were lost on the streets, because they had no appropriate cards.

Since the Russian servicemen did not really want to leave their cars and wrapping the room building at the room, their Chechen opponents who knew the shortcomings of Russian armored vehicles in the Soviet Army were able to turn tanks and armored vehicles in the crematorium.

The Russian command is easy to make wine for the Chechen catastrophe at the T-80 design flaw, hiding overslays of operational planning and tactics. But ultimately, it was the lack of money that was the reason that cheaper T-72 was replaced by the T-80, becoming the main machine for Russian exports and for hostilities after the Chechen war.

When the Soviet Union broke up, Russia lost the factory produced by the T-80D in Kharkov, who became the property of Ukraine. The plant in Omsk, where they did the T-80U, turned out to be bankrupt, while the Leningrad Luxe was no longer released the earlier model T-80BV.

For Russia, there did no longer make sense to keep in armament three types of tanks: T-72 (A and B), T-80 (BV, Y and UD) and T-90 (upgraded version T-72BU). Financial costs and problems of supplying parts were too large. All these models had one 125 mm tool 2A46m and the same rocket in their characteristics, launched through the barrel of the gun. But everyone had different engines, fire control systems and chassis.

If we say simplistic, then these tanks had the same capabilities, but very different parts instead of having the same spare parts and different features. Since the T-80U was much more expensive than the T-72B, it was quite logical that the choice of the financial problems of Russia fell on T-72.

However, Moscow continued to experiment with the T-80. Experts put an active protection system on it, in which a radar-operating radar range was used to track the counter-drivers and the use of countermeasures. As a result, the T-80UM-1 "Bars" appeared in 1997. However, it was not launched into production - probably due to budget constraints.

Russia did not use the T-80 in the second Chechen war in 1999-2000 and did not apply them during a short conflict with Georgia in 2008 (as far as we know). While T-80 tanks did not participate in the war in Ukraine.

Insurance materials contain estimates of exclusively foreign media and do not reflect the position of the EOSMI's editorial office.

Thirty-five years ago, July 6, 1976, the main combat tank (OBT) T-80 was adopted for armament of the Soviet Army. Currently, in the Western Military District (IO), the OBT T-80 is in service with a tank brigade, 4 motorized rifle brigades, and also used to train personnel in the District Course Center, as well as cadets and officers in military universities and academies. In total, there are more than 1,800 T-80 tanks and its modifications, the group of information support of the Western Military District reported.

The combat vehicle was created in the Special Design Bureau (SCB) of transport engineering at the Leningrad Kirov plant of a group of designers under the direction of Nikolai Popov. The first series of T-80 tanks was released in 1976-1978. The main feature of the T-80 was a gas turbine engine, which was used as a power plant tank. On some of its modifications are installed diesel engines. Tank T-80 and its modifications are characterized by a high speed of movement (up to 80 km / h with a crew of 3 people). T-80 participated in hostilities in the North Caucasus. It consists in arms ground Forces Russia, Cyprus, Pakistan, Republic of Korea and Ukraine.

Tank T-80 is designed to conduct offensive and defensive fights in various physical and geographical and weather-climatic conditions. For fire lesion, the enemy T-80 is armed with a 125-mm smooth-bore, stabilized in two planes with a gun and paired with it with a 7,62-mm power machine gun; 12.7-mm anti-aircraft machine gun "Rock" on the commander turret. To protect against managed weapons on the tank there is a system of launching smoke grenade "Cloud". Tanks T-80B are equipped with a complex of Ptur 9k112-1 "Cobra", and the T-80U - Ptur 9k119 "Reflex". The charging mechanism is similar to T-64 tank.

The Fire Management System T-80B includes a laser sight-a rangefinder, a ballistic calculator, a stabilizer of weapons and a set of sensors to control the wind speed, roll and tank speeds, a course angle of purpose, etc. Fire control on the T-80U is duplicated. The gun is made with harsh requirements for the trunk, which is equipped with a metal heat shield to protect against external influences and reduce the deflection when heated. Battle weight of a tank 42 tons.

A smooth-bore cannon by a 125-mm caliber ensures the defeat of the targets for a distance of up to 5 km. Camcope Tank: shots - 45 (type BPS, BCS, Office, controlled rocket). Armored protection combined. Multi-fuel GTD-1000T is used as a power plant, with a capacity of 1000 kW. The stock turn on the highway is 500 km, the depth of the overcome water barrier is 5 m.

Main Tank T-80

the USSR

When the Minister of Defense of the Syrian Arab Republic of Mustafa of the Glasa, who managed the combat actions of the Syrian Army in Lebanon in 1981-82, the correspondent of the magazine "Spiegel" asked: "Would like a former driver of the voice of the voice to have a German" leopard 2 ", which so much already get to get in Saudi Arabia ? ", The minister replied:" .... Do not strive to have it at any cost. Soviet T-80 - Moscow response to Leopard 2. It is not only equal to the German car, but also greatly surpasses it. Like a soldier and a specialist in tanks , I consider the T-80 best tank in the world. " T-80 - the world's first serial tank with a single gas turbine power plant - began to be developed in the Leningrad SKB-2 Kirov Plant in 1968. However, domestic gas turbine tank construction began significantly earlier. GTD, who won the absolute victory over the piston engines in combat aviation in the 1940s. Began to attract the attention and creators of tanks. New Type The power plant promised very solid advantages over a diesel engine or gasoline engine: with an equal volume of gas turbine, it has a much greater power, which made it possible to sharply increase the speed and acceleration characteristics of combat vehicles, improve the management of the tank. Reliably provided the quick engine start when low temperatures. For the first time, the idea of \u200b\u200ba gas turbine combat vehicle was originated in the main armored administration of the USSR MO in 1948.

The study of the heavy tank project with GTD ended under the leadership of the chief designer A.X.Starosttenko in the TURBBER production of the Kirov Plant in 1949. However, this tank remained on paper: the authoritative commission, which analyzed the results of the design work, concluded that the proposed machine did not satisfy a number of important requirements. In 1955, in our country, they returned to the idea of \u200b\u200ba tank with GTD, and again the Kirov plant was taken again for this work, which was entrusted with the competitive basis to create a heavy tank of the new generation - the most powerful combat machine weighing 52-55 tons, armed 130-mm Weapon with the initial speed of the shell of 1000 m / s and engine with a capacity of 1000 hp It was decided to develop two versions of the tank: with diesel (object 277) and with GTD (object 278), which differ in only the engine compartment. Works headed by N.M. Tistykov. In the same 1955, under the leadership of G.A. Coat, the creation of a gas turbine engine for this machine began. The meeting was also promoted to increase interest in tracked gas turbine technique, and the meeting on this topic, conducted by the Deputy Chairman of the Sovmina of the USSR V.A. Malyshev in 1956. The famous "Tank People's Commissar", in particular, expressed confidence, that in the twenty years of GTD will appear on ground transport machines. "

In 1956-57 Leningraders were for the first time two experienced tank gas turbine engine GTD-1 with a maximum capacity of 1000 hp The GTD was supposed to provide a tank in a mass of 53.5 tons. Ability to develop a very solid speed - 57.3 km / h. However, the gas turbine tank was not born, largely due to subjective reasons known in the history of both "Voluntarism": two diesel objects 277, released several times of their gas turbine fellow, in 1957, successfully passed factory tests, and soon one of They were shown by N.S. Khrushchev. The show had a very negative consequence: Khrushchev, who took the course to refuse traditional weapons systems, was very skeptical to a new combat vehicle. As a result, in 1960, all work on heavy tanks were minimized, and an experimental sample of the object 278 was never completed. However, there were objective reasons that impede the introduction of GTD at that time. Unlike a diesel engine, the tank gas turbine was still far from perfect, and the years of stubborn work and many experienced "objects" were required, for two and a half decades of ironing polygons and tracks, before GTD could finally "register" on the serial tank.

In 1963, his gas turbine modification was created in Kharkov under the leadership of A.A. Morozov at the same time, its gas turbine modification was created - experimental T-64T, differing from his diesel assembled by the installation of the helicopter gas turbine engine GTD-ZTL with a capacity of 700 hp In 1964, an experimental object was released in Nizhny Tagil from the gate of Uralvagonzavod in Nizhny Tagil (800 hp), designed under the leadership of L.N. Cartseva. The designers of the first gas turbine tanks have encountered a number of difficult problems that did not allow in the 1960s to create a combat-ready tank with GTD. Among the most complex tasks. Required search for new decisions, issues of air purification at the entrance to the turbine were distinguished: unlike the helicopter, the engines of which suck dust, and even then in relatively small quantities, only on the runway modes, the tank (for example, making a march in the column) can constantly Move in the dust cloud, passing through the air intake 5-6 cubic meters per second. The gas turbine attracted the attention and creators of a fundamentally new class of combat vehicles - rocket tanks that were actively developed in the USSR since the late 1950s.

It is not surprising: after all, according to the design of designers, one of the main advantages of such machines was increased mobility and decrease in dimensions. In 1966, an experimental object 288 was released on the test, created in Leningrad and equipped with two GTD-350 with a total capacity of 700 hp. The power plant of this car was created in another Leningrad team - the aircraft enterprise NGO. V.Ya. Climova, who had extensive experience in creating turboprop and turbocharged engines for aircraft and helicopters. However, during the tests, it was revealed that the "spark" did not have any advantages over a simpler monoblock power plant, to the creation of which, in accordance with the Government decision, "Klimovtsy", together with the KB-3 of the Kirov plant and VNITransMash, began to 1968. By the end of the 1960s, the Soviet army had the most perfect armored equipment for its time.

The Middle Tank T-64, adopted in 1967, was significantly superior to the main combat performance - M-60A1, Leopard and Chipten. However, in the USA and Germany, since 1965, collaboration on the creation of the main combat tank of the new generation - MWT-70, distinguished by increased mobility, enhanced armament (the instrument-launcher of the Ptur "was" sailed "by a caliber of 155 mm) and booking. From the Soviet tank-building industry, an adequate response to the NATO call was required. On April 16, 1968, a joint decree of the CPSU Central Committee and the USSR Central Committee was published, in accordance with which SKB-2 at the Kirov plant was tasked to develop a variant of the average T-64 tank with a gas turbine power plant, characterized by increased combat characteristics. The first "Kirov" gas turbine tank of the new generation, the object 219sp1, manufactured in 1969, was externally similar to the experienced Kharkiv gas turbine T-64t.

The car was installed in the machine GTD-1000t with a capacity of 1000 liters. with. developed by NGOs them. V.Ya. Climova. The following object is 219sp2 - has already been significantly different from the source T-64: the tests of the first prototype showed that the installation of a new, more powerful engine, increased mass and changed dynamic characteristics The tank requires substantial changes to the running part. It took the development of new leading and guiding wheels, supporting and supporting rollers, caterpillars with rubberized treadmills, hydraulic surfactants and torsion shafts with improved characteristics. The form of the tower was changed. From T-64a, a gun, ammunition, an automatic charging, separate nodes and systems, as well as elements of armor are preserved. After the construction and testing of several experienced machines, which went about seven years old, on July 6, 1976, the new tank was officially adopted under the designation of T-80. In 1976-78, the Kirov Plant was issued a series of "eight-dimensional", which entered the troops.

Like other Russian tanks of the 1960-70s. - T-64 and T-72, T-80 has a classic layout and crew of three. Instead of one observation device, the driver of the driver has been established three, which made it possible to significantly improve the review. Designers have provided and heated the workplace of the driver-driver air taken from the CTD compressor. The body of the machine is welded, its frontal item has an angle of inclination of 68 °, tower - cast. The frontal parts of the body and the tower are equipped with a multi-layer combination booking, combining steel and ceramics. The remaining parts of the housing are made of monolithic steel armor with large differentiation of thicknesses and angles of inclination. There is a set of protection against mass lesion (Pigeon, Sube, a sealing and air purification system). The layout of the combat compartment T-80 is generally similar to the layout adopted on the T-64B. The motoblock in the stern part of the hull of the tank is located longitudinally, which required some increase in the length of the machine compared to T-64. The engine is made in a single block with a total weight of 1050 kg with a built-in lowering tape-cylindrical gearbox and kinematically associated with two onboard planetary transmissions. The motor-transmission compartment found four fuel tank with a capacity of 385 liters (the total fuel supply in the reserved volume was 1140 liters). The GTD-1000T is made on a trick scheme, with two independent turbochargers and a free turbine. The adjustable nozzle apparatus (RCA) of the turbine limits the frequency of its rotation and prevents "spreading" when switching gear. The lack of mechanical connection between the power turbine and turbochargers increased the passability of the tank of soils with a low bearing capacity, in difficult conditions of movement, and also eliminated the possibility of engine flanging with a sudden stop of the machine with the transmission enabled.

An important advantage of a gas turbine power plant was its multi-fuel. The operation of the engine on the reactive aircraft fuels TS-1 and TS-2, diesel fuels and automotive low-octane gasolines are provided. The process of starting the GTD is automated, the promotion of compressor rotors is carried out using two electric motors. Due to the exhaust back, as well as their own low-noise turbine compared to diesel, it was possible to slightly reduce the acoustic visibility of the tank. The features of the T-80 should include the first implemented combined braking system with the simultaneous use of GTD and mechanical hydraulic brakes. The adjustable nozzle apparatus of the turbine allows you to change the direction of the flow of gases, forcing the blades to rotate in the opposite direction (of course, it strongly loads the power turbine, which required the adoption of special measures to protect it). The braking process of the tank occurs as follows: when the driver of the brake pedal is pressed, braking is beginning through a turbine.

With the further complete pedal, mechanical brake devices are also included. The T-80 T-80 GTD is used to automatically control the engine mode (Saur), which includes temperature sensors placed in front of the power turbine, temperature controller (RT), as well as limit switches installed under the pedals of the brake and RCA associated with RT and fuel supply system. The use of Saur made it possible to increase the resource of the turbine blades of more than 10 times, and with a frequent use of the brake and Pedals of the RSA to switch gear (which occurs during the movement of the tank of rough terrain) fuel consumption is reduced by 5-7%. To protect the turbine from dust, an inertial (so-called "cyclone") is applied to the air purification method, providing 97 percent cleaning. However, at the same time, the turbine blades still settle dusty particles. To remove them, when the tank moves in particularly severe conditions, the procedure of vibration-cleaning of the blades is provided. In addition, before starting the engine and after its stop, purge is produced. Transmission T-80 is a mechanical planetary. It consists of two aggregates, each of which includes an onboard gearbox, onboard gearbox and hydroslifts of the motion control system. Three planetary rows and five frictional control devices in each onboard box provide four transfers forward and one back. The support rollers have rubber bandages and aluminum alloy discs. Caterpillars - with rubber treadmills and rubberometallic hinges.

Tension mechanisms - worm-type. Tank suspension is an individual torsion, with an unauthorized location of torsion shafts and hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers on the first, second and sixth rinks. There is an equipment for underwater driving, providing after special training overcoming water barrier to a depth of up to five meters. The main weapon of T-80 includes a 125-millimeter smooth-binding gun 2a46m-1, unified with T-64 and T-72 tanks, as well as with a self-deviating anti-tank gun "Sprove". The gun is stabilized in two planes and has a straight shot range (podcalibered shell with an initial speed of 1715 m / s) 2100 m. The ammunition also includes cumulative and fragmentation and fragmentation shells. Shots - separate-sleeve charging. 28 of them (two less than that of T-64a) are located in the "carousel" of the mechanized alert, three shots are stored in a combat department and seven other shells and charges - in the Office Department. In addition to the gun, the experimental machine was installed with an instrument of a 7.62-mm machine gun of the PKT, and on the serial tank on the basis of the commander hatch, an anti-aircraft "Rock" machine gun was also installed.

The shooting of it leads the commander, while at this time outside the booked volume. Air targets from the "Rock" can reach 1500 m, and in the terrestrial 2000 m. The mechanized womel is placed around the perimeter of the combat compartment, the inhabable part of which is made in the form of a cabin separating it from the conveyor of the wake-up. Shells are located in the tray horizontally, "heads" to the axis of rotation. Throwing charges with a partially burning sleeve are installed vertically, up pallets (this features a mechanized Bay-72 and T-80 t-82 and T-90, where shells and charges are placed in cassettes horizontally). The commander "Drum" starts to rotate, withdrawing a cassette with the selected ammunition type into the charging plane. Then the cassette on a special guide with the help of an electromechanical lift rises upward on the amount of the omission, after which the charge and the projectile are pushed into the charging chamber recorded on the charger of the gun in one step of the rate. After the shot, the pallet is captured by a special mechanism and shifted into the liberated tray. A pace of shooting six to eight shots per minute is ensured, very high for the instrument of such a caliber and independent of the physical state of the charging (which significantly affects the rapidity of foreign tanks). In case of failure of the machine, you can charge and manually, however, the shooting paced, naturally, is sharply reduced. Optical stereoscopic sight-range-ranking TPD-2-49 with independent stabilization of the field of view in the vertical plane provides the ability to determine the range from high accuracy to the target within 1000-4000 m.

To determine smaller ranges, as well as firing on targets that do not have a vertical projection (for example, the trenches) in the field of view there is a rangefinder scale. Data by range to goal is automatically entered into the sight. Also automatically introduces the correction to the speed of the tank and the data on the type of selected projectile. In one block with a gun, a weapon guide control panel was performed with the range and firing buttons. Night sights of the commander and gunner T-80 are similar to those applied on T-64a. The tank has a welded body, the frontal part of which is tilted at an angle of 68 °. Tower - cast. The board of the hull is protected by rubber-tissue screens that protect against the lesion with cumulative shells. The frontal part of the case has a multilayer combination booking, the remaining parts of the tank are protected by monolithic steel armor with differentiated thicknesses and angle angles. In 1978, the T-80B modification was adopted. Its fundamental difference from the T-80 was the use of a new gun and a control complex rocket armament 9k112-1 "Cobra" with a radio-controlled rocket 9m112. The complex includes a guidance station installed in the combat separation of the machine, behind the spinner. "Cobra" provided a rocket shooting on a range of up to 4 km from the place and on the go, while the probability of defeating armored goal was 0.8.

The rocket had dimensions corresponding to the dimensions of a 125-mm projectile and could be placed in any tray of the mechanized wagon. In the head of the Ptthi there was a cumulative warhead and a solid fuel engine, in the tail - hardware compartment and a throwing device. The docking of the pieces of the Ptthi was performed in the tray of the charging mechanism when the gun is reduced into the barrel. The guidance of the rocket is semi-automatic: the flood was required only to hold the target brand for the purpose. Coordinates of the Ptti relative to the aiming line were determined by optical system By the source of the modulated light installed on the rocket, and the control commands were transmitted through a narrowly controlled radar. Depending on the combat situation, there was an opportunity to select three rocket flight modes. When shooting with dusty soils, when the dust raised dust can close the target, the tool is given a small angle of elevation over the sighting line. After the release of the rocket from the trunk, it makes the "slide" and returns to the line of sight. If there is a threat to the formation of a dusty loop, demasking her flight, the ptthi after a set of height continues to fly with some exceeding over the line of sight and, only immediately before the target, lowers at a low height. When shooting a rocket for a small range (up to 1000 km), when the target suddenly appears before the tank, the gun of which is already charged with a rocket, the trunk of the cannon automatically attaches to a small angle of elevation, and the ptthi is descended to the sighting line in 80-100 m from the tank.

In addition to improved weapons, the T-80B had more powerful armor protection. In 1980, the T-80B received a new engine GTD-1000TF, the capacity of which increased to 1100 liters. from. In 1985, the modification of T-80B was adopted with a complex of attached dynamic protection. The car received the designation T-80BV. Somewhat later, in the process of planned repair, the installation of dynamic protection and previously built T-80B began. The increase in the combat capacity of foreign tanks, as well as anti-tank agents, constantly demanded the further improvement of "eight-dimensional". Work on the development of this car was conducted in Leningrad and in Kharkov. Back in 1976, a sketch project of an object 478 was performed in the T-80 basis, which has significantly increased combat and technical specifications. The tank was supposed to establish a traditional Diesel for Kharkiv - 6TDN with a capacity of 1000 liters. from. (The variant with a more powerful 1250-strong diesel engine was worked out. At the object 478 it was assumed to establish an improved tower, a controlled rocket armament, a new sight, and the like. Works on this car served as the basis for creating a T-80W serial diesel tank in the second half of the 1980s. A more radical modernization of "eight-dimensions" was to become a Kharkov object 478m, design stages on which were also held in 1976. The design of this car was planned to apply a number of technical solutions and systems that are not implemented to the present. The tank was supposed to equip diesel 124 h in 1500 liters. s., which increased the specific power of the machine to a record size - 34.5 liters. with. / t and allowed to develop speed up to 75-80 km / h. The protection of the tank should be sharply due to the installation of a promising set of active protection "Tent" - a prototype of later "Arena", as well as an anti-aircraft 23-mm automatic remote control.

In parallel with the object 478 in Leningrad, the development of the promising modification of the T-80A (object 219a), which has improved protection, new rocket weapons (REFLEX "IDR), as well as a number of other improvements, in particular, built-in bulldozer equipment for self-pumping are carried out. An experienced tank of this type was built in 1982, later several more cars were released that had minor differences. In 1984, they worked out a set of attached dynamic protection. To test the new complex of managed armament "Reflex" with laser guidance of the rocket, as well as the Irtysh Weapon Management Systems, CB LKZ in 1983, on the basis of the T-80B serial tank, created another experienced machine - the object 219V. Both experienced tanks gave impetus to the next important step in the evolution of "eight-teeth" made by Leningrad designers. Under the leadership of Nikolai Popov by 1985, the T-80U tank was created - the last and most powerful modification of "eight-dimensional", recognized by many domestic and foreign specialists the strongest tank in the world. The car, which preserved the main layout and design features of its predecessors, received a number of fundamentally new aggregates.

At the same time, the mass of the tank has increased by only 1.5 tons compared to the T-80BV. The fire management system of the tank includes an information and computing daytime target complex, the sighting and observation complex of the commander and the night aiming complex of the gunner. The firing power T-80U increased significantly by applying the new complex of controlled missile weapons "Reflex" with a noise-protective fire control system, providing raising the range and shooting accuracy while reducing the time to prepare the first shot. The new complex provided the possibility of struggle not only with armored goals, but also with low-fat helicopters. Rocket 9M119, controlled by a laser beam, provides a range of damage to the target type "tank" when shooting from space on a distance of 100-5000 m with a probability of 0.8. The ammunition gun 2A46M-1, which includes 45 ammunition, also consists of armor-cumulative and fragile-fugasic shots. The armor-piano-pyline shell has an initial speed of 1715 m / s (which exceeds initial speed The projectile of any other foreign tank) and is capable of a distance of a direct shot - 2,200 m - to hit strong-proper goals.

Via modern system Fire Management The commander and a gunner can lead a separate search for targets, tracking them, as well as aiming fire in the afternoon and at night, both from the scene and from the go, to use managed missile weapons. The daily optical sight "Irtysh" with a built-in laser rangefinder allows the flooring to detect small-sized targets at a distance of up to 5000 m and to determine the range with high accuracy. Regardless of the gun, the scope is stabilized in two planes. Its pancratic system changes the multiplicity of an optical channel increases in the range of 3.6-12.0. At night, the gunner searches and aiming with the help of a combined active-passive sight "Buran-Pa", which also has a stabilized field of view. The tank commander leads to observation and gives the target to the meal by the aiming and observation day / night complex PNK-4C stabilized in the vertical plane. The digital ballistic calculator takes into account the range adjustments, the flank speed of the target, the speed of its tank, the angle of inclination of the gun gun, the wear of the barrel channel, the air temperature, atmospheric pressure and the side wind. The gun received an embedded control device for an injection of a gunner and a quick disconnect connection of the trunk tube with a venue, which allows it to be replaced in the field, without dismantling all the guns from the tower.

When creating T-80U tank, considerable attention was paid to strengthening its security. Works were carried out in several directions. Due to the use of new camouflage staining, distorting the appearance of the tank, it was possible to reduce the likelihood of T-80U detection in visible and IR ranges. The increase in survival is promoted by the use of 2140 mm wide with a bulldozer dump and self-pumping system, as well as the smoke veil systems using a cloud system, including eight grenade launchers 902B. On the tank can be installed and mounted cololine trawl KMT-6, excluding the undermining mines under the bottom and caterpillars. Armored protection T-80U significantly enhanced, the design of armor barriers has been changed, the relative proportion of armor in the mass of the tank is increased. For the first time in the world, elements of the built-in dynamic protection (WPZ) are implemented, which is able to withstand not only cumulative, but also kinetic projectiles. The trip covers more than 50% of the surface, nose, sides and roofs of the tank. The combination of improved multi-layer combination armor and the "removes" the "takes off" almost all types of the most massive cumulative anti-tank agents and reduces the likelihood of damage to "duals".

According to the power of armor protection, which has an equivalent thickness of 1,100 mm against a pyline kinetic projectile and 900 mm - with the action of cumulative ammunition, the T-80U exceeds most of the foreign fourth-generation tanks. In this regard, it should be noted an assessment of the armor protection of Russian tanks, which he gave a prominent German specialist in the field of armored vehicles Manfred Held. Speaking at the Symposium dedicated to the prospects for the development of armored vehicles, which was held in the walls of the Royal Military College (United Kingdom) in June 1996, M. Held said that in Germany, T-72M1 tank was tested, which took the Bundeswehr from the Army of the GDR and equipped active armor. During the shooting, it was found that the headset of the tank body has protection equivalent to a rolling homogeneous armor with a thickness of more than 2000 mm. According to M. Held, the T-80U tank has an even higher level of protection and is able to withstand the shelling by sub-caliber projectiles, released from 140-mm promising tank guns only developing in the United States and a number of Western European countries. "Thus, - the German specialist concludes the latest Russian tanks (first of all - T-80U) is almost invulnerable to the frontal projection from all types of nato countries available to NATO kinetic and cumulative anti-tank ammunition and have more efficient protection than their Western counterparts. (Jane "S International Defense Review, 1996, №7)".

Of course, this assessment can be a conjunctural nature (you need to "lobby" the creation of new samples of ammunition and guns), but it is worth listening to it. When breaking the armor, the vitality of the tank is ensured by applying the high-speed fire-fighting automatic system "INEY", which prevents the fire and explosion of the fuel and air mixture. To protect against the explosion of mines, the driver's mechanic seat is suspended to the raised sheet, and the stiffness of the case in the area of \u200b\u200bthe control unit is increased by using a special pilot behind the seat of the driver's mechanics. An important advantage of the T-80U has become its perfect system of protection against OMP, superior to such protection of the best foreign cars. On the tank are applied by a piping and supbe from hydrogen-containing polymers with lead, lithium and boron additives, the screens of local protection from heavy materials, the system of automatic sealing of habitable compartments and air purification. An essential innovation was the use of GTA-18A auxiliary energy unit with a capacity of 30 liters. with., allowing to save fuel during a tank parking, when conducting defensive battle, as well as in the ambush. The resource of the main engine is saved.

The auxiliary energy unit located in the feed of the machine, in the bunker on the left gradder shelf, "built-in" in general System Operations of GTD and does not require any additional devices for its functioning. At the end of 1983, an experienced series of two Tens of T-80U was manufactured, eight of which were transferred to military tests. In 1985, his large-scale mass production in Omsk and Kharkov began to work out the tank. However, despite the perfection of GTD, on a number of parameters, first of all - in terms of efficiency - he inferior to the traditional tank diesel engine. Moreover. The cost of diesel was significantly lower (so, the engine in-46 in the 1980s did the state in 9600 rubles, while GTD-1000 is 104,000 rubles). The gas turbine had a much smaller resource, its repair was more complicated.

A definite answer: what is better - a tank gas turbine or an internal combustion engine to get and failed. In this regard, interest in the installation on the most powerful domestic tank of diesel is constantly preserved. In particular, there was an opinion on the preference of the differential use of turbine and diesel tanks at various theaters of hostilities. Although the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating an option T-80 with a unified motor-transmission department, which is allowed to apply interchangeable diesel and GTD, could not be implemented, work, but the creation of a diesel version of "eight trees" was conducted from the mid-1970s. In Leningrad and Omsk, experienced machines "Object 219ird" and "Object 644", equipped, respectively, diesel engines A-53-2 and B-46-6 were created. However, the greatest success was achieved by Kharkiv, creating a powerful (1000 hp) and an economical six-cylinder diesel 6TD - further development of 5td. The design of this engine began in 1966, and since 1975 his work was carried out on the chassis of the "object 476". In 1976, in Kharkov, a version of T-80 tank was proposed with 6TD ("Object 478"). In 1985, at its base under the leadership of the General Designer, I.L. Potopopop was created "Object 478b" ("Birch").

Compared to the "reactive" T-80U, the diesel tank had several worse dynamic characteristics, but had an increased stroke reserve. Installing a diesel engine demanded a number of changes in transmission and control drives. In addition, the car received remote control of the Rock anti-aircraft gun. The first five serial "birches" were collected by the end of 1985, in 1986 the car was launched into a large series, and in 1987 - was adopted under the designation of the T-80D. In 1988, the T-80Uood was modernized: the reliability of the power plant and a number of aggregates were improved, the attached dynamic protection "Contact" was replaced by the built-in dynamic protection, the armament was improved. Until the end of 1991, about 500 T-80D were released in Kharkov (of which only 60 were transferred to the part deployed in Ukraine). In total by this time there were 4839 T-80 tanks of all modifications in the European part of the USSR. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the release of cars has declined sharply: the uncomfortable Ukraine was unable to order military technique For its own armed forces (however, the situation of "independent Russia" was a little better).

The output was found in the offer of the diesel version of the T-80 for export. In 1996, contact for the supply of 320 cars, who received the Ukrainian designation T-84, Pakistan (in this number, was probably included and tanks that are available in the Armed Forces of Ukraine) were entered. The export value of one T-84 amounted to 1.8 million dollars. In Kharkov, work is carried out and but the creation of a more powerful (1200 l. P.) Diesel 6TD-2, intended for installation on the modernized Samples T-64. However, in the light of the economic situation, in Ukraine, as well as the gap of cooperation with the Russian military-industrial complex, the prospects for tank buildings in Kharkov look very uncertain. In Russia, the improvement of gas turbine T-80U continued, the release of which was completely moved to the plant in Omsk. In 1990, the production of a tank with a more powerful engine GTD-1250 (1250 liters is 1250 liters), which made it possible to slightly improve the dynamic characteristics of the machine. The protection devices from overheating were introduced. The tank received an improved rocket armament complex 9K119m. To reduce the radar signature T-80 tank, a special radio absorbing coating was developed and applied ("Stealth technology" - as such things in the West are called). Reducing the effective surface of the dispersion (EPR) of ground combat vehicles has become of particular importance after the appearance aviation Systems Real time radar reconnaissance using a side view radar with a synthesized aperture that provides high resolution. At a distance of several tens of kilometers, it became possible to detect and track the movement of not only tank columns, but also separate units of armored vehicles.

The first two aircraft with such equipment - Northrop-Martin / Boeing E-8 jstars - were successfully applied by the Americans during the operation "Storm in the Desert", as well as in the Balkans. Since 1992, a thermal imaging device of observation and aiming "Agava-2" began to establish part of the T-80U (industry detained the supply of thermal imaging. Therefore, not all cars received them). Video image (for the first time on domestic tank) Displays a television type screen. For the development of this instrument, it was awarded the Cotin Name Prize. The Serial T-80 Tank with the implemented above enhancements is known under the designation of the T-80UM. Another important innovation. Significantly improving combat vitality T-80U. It was the use of an optical-electronic suppression complex TCH-2 "Curtains". The appointment of the complex is to prevent the aiming ingress of anti-tank controlled rockets with a semi-automatic guidance system. As well as the creation of interference with the enemy weapons management systems with laser target designation and laser range finders.

The complex includes an opto-electronic suppression station (SEP) TCH-1 and a system of performing an aerosol curtain (SPZ). The SEP is a source of modulated IR radiation with parameters close to the parameters of the tracers of the Dragon Type PTRS, TOW, Milan, and so on. Impacting an IR receiver of a semi-automatic PRK guidance system, it disrupts the guidance of missiles. SEP provides interference in the form of modulated infrared radiation in the +/- 20 ° sector from the axis of the barrel channel by horizon and 4.5 "- vertically. In addition, TRU-1, two modules of which are placed in the front of the tank tower, Provide IR illumination in the dark, conducting aiming shooting using night vision devices, and used to blind any (including small-sized) objects. SPZ, intended for breaking the attack of such missiles as "Maivorik", "Helfire" and an artillery corrected 155-mm projectile "Copperhead", reacts to laser radiation within 360 "in azimuth and -5 / + 25" - in a vertical plane. The resulting signal at high speed is processed by a control unit, while the direction to the source of quantum radiation is determined .

The system automatically determines the optimal starting unit, produces an electrical signal, proportional to the corner that should be entrusted to the tank tower with grenade launchers and gives the command to shooting grenades forming an aerosol veil at a distance of 55 meters after three seconds after shooting grenades. SEP acts only in automatic mode, and SPZ is automatic, semi-automatic and manual. Polygon tests "Curtains-1" confirmed the high efficiency of the complex: the probability of entering tank with semi-automatic team-eyed rockets is reduced by 3 times, laser semi-active rockets - 4 times, and adjusted artillery shells by 1.5 times. The complex is able to ensure opposition simultaneously against several missiles attacking the tank from various directions. The System "Curtain 1" was tested on the experimental T-80B ("object 219E") and first began to be installed on the Serial Commander T-80uk Tank - the T-80U machine, designed to ensure the management of tank units. In addition, the Commander Tank received a remote control system of fragant-foot shells with non-contact electronic fuses. Tools of communication T-80s work in VHF and KB bands. The ultra-thwellery radio station R-163-y with frequency modulation, operating in the range of working frequencies of 30 MHz, has 10 pre-configured frequencies. With a pin four-meter antenna in the conditions of the mid-speech area, it provides a range of up to 20 km.

With a special combined antenna type "symmetric vibrator", mounted on a 11-meter telescopic mast mounted on the machine body, the connection range increases to 40 km (with this antenna tank can only work in the parking lot). A short-wave radio station R-163-K, operating in the frequency range of 2 MHz in telegraph-telegraph mode with frequency modulation. Designed to provide a connection to a large range. It has 16 pre-prepared frequencies. With a pin square-antenna length of 4 m. Providing work when driving a tank, the range of communication initially was 20-50 km, but by introducing the possibility of changing the antenna pattern of the antenna, it was possible to increase to 250 km. From the pin 11-meter telescopic antenna, the R-163-K reaches 350 km. The commander tank is also equipped with a navigation system TNA-4 P gasoline power generator AB-1-P28 with a capacity of 1.0 kW, an additional function of which is the recharge of batteries during the parking lot when the engine is not working. Machine's creators successfully solved the issue of electromagnetic compatibility of numerous radio electronic tools.

For this, in particular. A special electrically conductive tracked tape is applied. Armament, power plant, transmission, chassis, observation devices and other T-80 equipment equipment corresponds to the T-80UM tank. However, the gun ammunition is reduced to 30 shells, and the PKT machine gun is up to 750 ammunition. The development of T-80 tank was a major achievement of the domestic industry. The designers of A.S. Ermolaev, V.Marishkin, V.I. Mironov, B.M. Kupriyanov, P.A. Dobryakov, B.A. Dobryakov and many Other specialists. The amount of work done is more than 150 copyright certificates for inventions proposed during the creation of this machine. A number of tank designers have been awarded high government awards. The Order of Lenin was awarded by A.N.Popov and A.M. Bonstantinov, Order October revolution - A.A. Springs and P.A.Stvanchenko .....

On June 8, 1993, by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the Group of Specialists and the General Designer T-80U N.S.Popov for the development of new technical solutions and the introduction of a car in mass production was awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology. However, the T-80 has not exhausted the possibilities of further upgrades. Improvement of both active protection of tanks continues. In particular, on the experimental T-80B, a complex of active protection of the tank (KazT) "Arena", developed by Kolomna KBM, was tested, developed by Kolomna KBM and intended for the protection of the tank from the attackers of the Ptur and anti-tank grenades. Moreover, the reflection of ammunition, not only flying directly on the tank, but also intended for defeating it when they are spanging from above. To detect goals in the complex, a multifunctional radar with an "instantaneous" space overview is used in the entire protected sector and high noise immunity. For aimed lesion of rockets and the opponent grenade, protective ammunition ampluses are used, which have very high speed and placed around the perimeter of the tank tower in special installation mines (tank carries 26 such ammunition). Automatic control of the work of the complex is carried out by a specialized computer that provides. Also, control over its performance.

The following sequence of the complex is as follows: after its inclusion from the control panel of the tank commander, all further operations are performed automatically. RLS provides a search for targets to a tank. The station is then translated into motor mode, generating target motion parameters and transmitting them to a computer that selects the number of protective ammunition and its response time. The protective ammunition forms a bundle of the striking elements that destroy the target on the adjustment to the tank. Time from the detection of the target to its defeat is a record short - not more than 0.07 seconds. After 0.2-0.4 seconds after a protective shot, the complex is again ready to "shoot" the next goal. Each protective ammunition shells its sector, and the sector of nearly resolved ammunition overlap, which ensures interception of several goals approaching from one direction. The complex is all-weather and "virtual", it is able to work when the tank moves, when turning the tower. An important problem that managed to successfully solve the developers of the complex was to ensure the electromagnetic compatibility of several tanks equipped with "arena" and operating in a single group.

The complex practically does not impose restrictions on the formation of tank units under electromagnetic compatibility conditions. "Arena" does not respond to the goals located at a distance of more than 50 m from the tank, on small-sized targets (bullets, fragments, small-caliber shells), which are not direct threats for the tank, to the target removed from the tank (including their own shells), on low-speed items (birds, whiskers of land and G. p.) Measures were taken to ensure the safety of the accompanying infantry tank: a dangerous zone of the complex - 20 m - relatively small, when the protective shells are triggered by side slaughter fragments. There is an external light alarm, a warning infantry, which are behind the tank, on the inclusion of the complex. Equipment of the T-80 "Arena" allows you to raise the survival rate of the tank when conducting offensive operations by approximately two times. At the same time, the cost of losses of tanks equipped with a congestion is reduced by 1.5-1.7 times. Currently, the Arena complex does not have world analogues. Its use is particularly effective in local conflicts. When the opposing side is in service only light anti-tank agents. Tank T-80UM-1 with KazT "Arena" was first publicly demonstrated in Omsk in the fall of 1997. There was also shown the option of this tank with another complex of active protection - "Drozd". In order to increase the possibilities to combat air targets (first of all -Bast helicopters), as well as a tan hazardous enemy power in the TsNII "Point" created and tested additional armament T-80 tank 30 mm automatic cannon 2A42 (similar to the BMP-3. BMD-3 and BTR-80A). A gun with remote control is installed in the top back of the tower (with a 12.7-mm Rock machine gun dismantled). The angle of guidance relative to the tower is 120 "but horizon and -5 / -65" - vertically. Curl installation -450 shells.

Characteristics of KazT "Arena"

Range of speeds of affected purposes: 70-700m / s
Azimuth Protection Sector: 110 °
Farm detection range: 50 m
Complex reaction time: 0.07 seconds
Power consumption: 1 kW
Supply voltage: 27B
Mass of the complex: 1100 kg
The volume of equipment inside the tower: 30 dm kV

A further development of the T-80 became the Tank "Black Eagle", the creation of which was carried out in Omsk. The car, which preserves the T-80 chassis, is equipped with a new tower with the horizontal placement of the charging machine, as well as 1 TD of 1500l. from. At the same time, the mass of the car increased to 50 tons. As the main weapons on the "Black Orel", promising instruments of caliber can be applied to 150 mm. Currently, the T-80 is one of the most mass major fourth-generation tanks, yielding only T-72 and American M1 "Abrams". As of early 1996, the Russian army had approximately 5000 T-80, 9000 T-72 and 4000 T-64. For comparison, as part of the American Armed Forces there are 79 IS MI tanks. ML A and M1A2, in the Bundeswehr - 1700 "Leopards", and the French army plans to purchase, in total, only 650 lecturers tanks. In addition to Russia, T-80 cars have, also, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Syria. In print, interested in the acquisition of "eight-dimensional" India, China and other countries has been reported.

T-80B Tank Design

T-80B tank inherited the layout of its famous predecessors, including T-64, with the department of management in the front of the hull. There are a seat of the driver mechanic, before which the levers of rotation controls, fuel supply pedals, brakes and an adjustable nozzle apparatus (RSA) are located on the bottom, on the front sheet, the control devices are located on the windshield, GPK-59 hyropolumpace. Above the shield - three prisment instruments of observation of TPNO-160; The central device for driving at night is replaced at night-looking TVNE-4B, which is highlighted by the FG-125 onboard headlamp with an IR filter.

On the left and right of the seat - fuel tanks and a tank rack, two more middle fuel tanks are at the rear wall of the compartment; Under the seat - the control unit of the arms stabilizer. On the bottom - the rotating contact device of the tower. Next to it has a spare hatch in case of emergency exit.

Under the control panel, a water purification pump was installed - in case of flooding when overcoming water obstacles. Four rechargeable batteries - in the rack behind the left fuel tank.

On the right side of the department, the air intake device of the radiation and chemical intelligence device (STR) and the device were strengthened internal communication TPU A-3. Through the bottom of the corps pass torirs pendants, on sides - thrust control drives.

The combat department occupies the middle part of the tank. In its tower there is a gun with a charging mechanism (MD), which provides the feed and consumption of shots, catches and places extracted pallets.

The place of the commander is to the right of the gun, the gunner - on the left. The selection of the commander was placed by the TPU A-1, a radio station, a control panel of the MOW, a hydrodynamic stopper of cannons, a sensor of linear accelerations of the arms stabilizer, a control panel with the mechanism of the engine stop, RS, fire-fighting equipment (PPO). Under the seat - electric control unit MW.

The communist turret mounted the prisoners of observation instruments - two TNPP-160 and the TCN-3B commander device, headlight switches, overall fire and tower illuminator.

The combined day-night monitoring device of TKN-3B is independently stabilized in the vertical plane; It has two daily optical channels of a single and 7-fold increase and passive-active night channel; The device illuminates the illuminator with an infrared Filter OU-3GKU.

TNPO-160 are on the left and right of TKN-3B.

Two more commander's prisred Observation instruments of TNPA-65 are installed in the lid of the tower hatch.

During the daytime, the gunner in the tower uses daytime tank sight-range finder 1G42, fixed to the left of the gun; Its optical head is placed in the armored housing on the roof. The field of view of the device is stabilized in two planes, for which a two-axis gyroscope was applied.

1G42 enters the fuel control system (SUO) and is designed to observe the battlefield and leading firing. In its composition: control panel, optical block, stabilizing unit, range block, time range meter with digital indicator, observation head. Observation and aiming are conducted through the visual channel of the device. The range to the goal is measured by a quantum sight-ranking, which acts in a complex with a 2E26m armament stabilizer and a ballistic calculator 1B517 fire control system.

At the disposal of the gunner is also a night tank scope TPN3-49, azimuthal pointer, floor console, flux control panel of smoke grenade 902b, TPU A-2 apparatus, gun-descending mechanisms and a tower stopper.

Tank T-80 on the observation platform of the Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering Troops and Communications Troops in St. Petersburg.

With the help of the night TPN3-49, the gunner has the opportunity in the dark time of the day to follow the situation on the battlefield, to detect and identify the targets, lead aimed fire from a gun and a paired machine gun. This device is a passive-active electron-optical monocular periscope, which has a stabilization of the field of view depending on the gun in the vertical plane. It provides work in active and passive modes, circular observation during the rotation of the tower, aiming, measuring the angles of the target for the target designation; It works in conjunction with infrared spotlight L-4A. However, when the object illuminated by scattered light or stars is discovered in the dark, the device can act in passive mode, due to the gain of illumination with its electronic optical amplifier. The sight is installed on the bracket in the tower to the left of the sight-rangefinder.

T-80 tank layout.

Purpose workplace in T-80B tank:

1 - device 1G42; 2 - lifting mechanism of gun; 3 - swivel mechanism of the tower; 4 - gun seat; 5 - azimuthal pointer; 6 - PO47-1 PC floor console; 7 - control unit and indication of gTN-11; 8 - Crane hydropneum cleaner; 9 - left camshaft; 10 - the device TPU A-2; 11 - Furniture toggle switch L-4A; 12 - System Remote 902B "Cloud"; 13 - emergency socket; 14 - Night Sight TPN-3.

In the lid of the gunner hatch also placed a progressive device of observation of TNPA-65.

Power compartment - in the feed of the tank. Here is the engine with servicing systems: fuel and lubricant; There are drive drives and transmission controls, sensors and sprayers of the fire equipment system (PPO), sensors of measurement instruments, a pumping unit of thermal smoke instrument (TDA). The engine itself is made in a single block with a built-in downhill tape-cylindrical gearbox and is associated with two planetary onboard gearboxes.

A gas turbine engine GTD-1000 with a capacity of 1000 hp, made according to a trump-tier diagram with two independent turbocharger and turbine. The adjustable nozzle of the turbine limits the frequency of its rotation. The launch of the GTD is automated, and the promotion of compressor rotors is performed using two electric motors. Engine dimensions: length - 1495 mm, width - 1042 mm, height - 888 mm. Its mass with a gearbox - 1050 kg.

Workplace commander in T-80B tank:

1 - Communication shield; 2 - TKN-3 guidance device; 3 - the boot console; 4 - calculator; 5 - Visual pointer MW; 6 - device entry device; 7 - duplication console; 8 - the conveyor turning mechanism; 9 - switchgear.

The tank applies a system of automatic control of the mode of operation of the power plant (SURT) with temperature sensors, which are in front and behind the engine, temperature regulator (RT), limit switches under the pedals of the brake and PCA associated with the RT and the fuel supply system. Saurea allowed not only to reduce fuel consumption at frequent use of brakes and PEDs, for example, when driving around the area, but also to increase the resource of the turbine.

A combined braking system is also used with the simultaneous use of GTD and mechanical hydraulic brakes. The adjustable nozzle machine of the turbine allows you to change the direction of the flow of gases; Forcing its blades to rotate reversively. Thus, with the help of RS, the engine is accelerated and braking. Braking tank when you press the brake pedal begins using a turbine, and then the mechanical brakes are turned on.

The system of air purity is essential with a large air flow - up to 4 kg / s - and high feed rate. GTD is very sensitive to the presence of dust in the flowing stream. Therefore, the engine has a unit of the air cleaner, two dust suction fan, air filters of the turbine nozzle apparatus, two air duct air duct and dust, as well as a system of fooling from inter-pump channels of workers of compressors when operating under clogging and dusting (deserts, sand storms, samuum and dustiness t. n.). The air purity system works in two modes: when driving on land and with the equipment of the WPTU under water.

GTD with the same with a diesel engine occupied by volume has significantly greater power, easier to maintain, less shumen. In addition, it has a smaller demasking effect in the IR range, since diesel heat transfer is several times higher. This, along with the thermal insulation of the roof and graduation blinds, ventilation of the power separation, the use of onboard screens, the absence of large heated surfaces of the radiators of the cooling system, provides low level heat radiation, Promotes a thermaling of the tank.

Tank tower. Before the opening lid of the gunner is clearly visible, the rangefinder 1G42, to the left of it - the Night Sight TPN3-49. Under the hatch of the driver's mechanics there are observation devices of TNP-160. Dynamic defense blocks are installed on the top windshield.

Engine starts at low temperatures without additional heating.

However, since the GTD has a high fuel consumption - 1.5-2 times, then the inner tanks occupied a larger volume of the engine-transmission compartment (MTO) than, let's say, on diesel T-64, therefore the car body is somewhat elongated.

The volume of fuel tanks: internal - 1100 liters, five outer - 700 liters, two or three additional barrels - 400-600 liters. The total volume is 2200-2400 liters.

The engine is multi-fuel and operated on diesel fuel, gasoline A-72 and A-76, on fuel mixtures of Tc-1 and TS-2.

In front of the roof of the department there are entrance blinds, covered on top metal grids. The rear part of them can be opened, although the whole roof is removable for regulatory work or when repairing the engine.

To power the electricity and recharging of batteries with a non-working engine, as well as for scrolling and running in the machine's feed bunker, an electrical unit with an 18 kW generator is placed.

The housing of the tank - welded from armor-sheets. Its nasal part form inclined top and bottom sheets, weld not only among themselves, but also with the front sheet of the roof, sides and the bottom. Frontal parts - composite armored aircraft; Their composition: rolling steel of medium hardness, high hardness steel, fiberglass. In the "steel" equivalent, their thickness corresponds to 400 mm.

To the nasal sheets are welded to mount anti-mine trawrs and brackets for fastening equipment for self-pumping. At the top sheet there are towing hooks with snares, headlight brackets with their fences, styling brackets and attachment of towing cable, protective scrolls of driver mechanic inspections. At the junction of the front and onboard sheets, the brackets of the guide wheels are welded. On most machines there are a triangular waterproof.

The lower front sheet with a thickness of 100 mm has a homogeneous structure.

The onboard sheets of the case are vertical, rolling, 80 mm thick. It is headed by the brackets and the stops of balancing, supporting rollers, hydraulic traumators. Along the sides, protective shelves with outdoor fuel tanks, drawers for the zipa stretched.

The sight-range of 1G42 enters the tank control system of fire and is designed to monitor the battlefield and shooting.

Over guide wheels - folding mud shields.

The stern part of the hull consists of the upper and lower feed sheets cooked with each other; Their thickness is 80 mm. It contains towing hooks, brackets of the rear dimming lights and additional barrels with fuel, bonds of fastening of spare tracks; Installed box of graduation blinds with lock locks and stopper.

The roof of the housing is also made of welded armor sheets, part of the power department - removable.

The bottom of the weld tank is made of three sheets of a trough-shaped form with longitudinal and transverse firewalls to ensure the rigidity and placement of torsion. It has maintenance hatches.

On the left side of the tower, a block of launchers of smoke grenades 902B smoke protection system "Cloud", next to them - the radio antenna flange, the rear headlight is visible on the stern.

The thickness of the sheets of the roof and the bottom is 30 mm.

To protect the chassis, four-section on-board screens from reinforced rubber are hung.

Tower - shaped armored casting. The combined frontal part of it has an equivalent thickness of 400-600 mm.

To the top of the tower, the roof with a protective head of the sight-rangefinder is welded. The front is an ambrusura gun with a complex labyrinth of two pairs of protective cheeks and a duct that protects the crew from penetrating inside the fragments, as well as from the effects of an explosive wave. Ambusura of a paired machine gun - to the right of the gun. Immediately welded bracket illuminator L-4A Night sight.

On the side of the left and right of the gun there are bonds fastening the smoke grenade starting system.

The commander's turret with hatch is located in the right half of the roof, the gunner hatch - in the left. Near him is the flange of the installation of the night sight of TPN3-49, the mine of the surveillance device.

The rear headlamp and overall fire, an antenna fastening flange, antenna brackets, brackets of the RWT and the levers of its discharge, wind sensor fastening bonds.

To the bottom of the tower is welded a bottom sheet with holes for fastening bolts to the upper tower. Tower support - ball.

In the tanks of the initial series Tower unified with T-64a tank.

On the tower on the left there is an anti-aircraft remote installation with a cartridge box (the machine gun is removed), the hatch cover of the gunner is thrown into. In the center - a protective flap set at Luke commander, behind it - an antenna of the radio station.

Caterpillar tank with a rubberometallic hinge and master's gearing. The width of the Traka - 580 mm, the number of tracks - 80. Mass of the caterpillar ribbon - 1767 kg.

Folded mud shields are located in front of a tank over guide wheels.

In the undercarriage T-80B - on six dual support rollers on board having rubber bandages and aluminum alloy discs. The drive wheel is rear - cooked from two cast discs, two removable gear crowns and a restrictive disk. The guide wheel - the front - also consists of two cast drives with windows for the emission of dirt and snow. The mass of support rollers - 78 kg, leading wheels - 188 kg, guide assembly with a crank - 230 kg supporting - 12 kg.

The suspension is individual, torsion, with an unauthorized location of torsion shafts. On the 1st, 2nd and 6th nodes, hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers are installed. Tension mechanisms - worm-type. Tracts of caterpillars - their 80 on each - stamped, with a rubberometallic hinge; Traka width - 580 mm. On the treadmill, the caterpillars have rubber pillows to reduce loads on the running part. If necessary, for the movement along the highway to avoid its destruction - on the outer surface of the caterpillars it is recommended to wear rubber asphalt "shoes". Mass of the caterpillar ribbon - 1767 kg.

The chassis of the tank ensures the smoothness of the stroke, the low noise level and at the same time high dynamic characteristics. Experts consider it the best of all available on our tanks.

In the left part of the tower are installed on the brackets of property boxes, in the center of the roof - the wind sensor.

In transmissions - two boxes of onboard gears assembled with the onboard gearbox, three planetary rows and five friction on board.

Weapons T-80B tank are 125-mm smooth-bore cannon 2A46M-1 (D-81 TM), 7.62-mm paired machine gun PKT, anti-aircraft 12.7-mm Machine gun NSW "Utøs", a complex of managed armament KUV 9k112-1 " Cobra".

In the ammunition, the tank includes 38 shots; Of these, 28 armor-piercing podcalibe, fragantic fugasic, cumulative are placed in the conveyor of the charging mechanism. Other five shells and seven charges are in the control station in the Baka-rack; Two more shells and two charges - a partition of the power department between the average fuel tanks, finally, one projectile is made up vertically in the combat branch behind the back of the commander's seat, and the charge is laid on the floor. 1250 Cartridges for the PKT machine gun are located in stores in the battle office and on the tower installation, and stores with 500 cartridges for 12.7 mm NSWs - on the right side of the tower feed and also on the machine-gun installation.

The leading wheel of the tank, above it - protective screens of the chassis with a connecting lock.

Double support rollers, a long-term output bolt "long" torsion and shock absorber.

Fire from Gun 2A46M-1 can be carried out by fragantive-fugasic shells (OFS) 3of19 shot 3-f22 and 3of26 Shot of 3VF36, intended for lesion of live strength, various combat equipment and field-type shelters. They are raised by an explosion in-429e, providing three functions: a fugasal, fragmentation and slow acting of the projectile. For shooting straight tanks on tanks, self-propelled artillery installations, another armored vehicle in ammunition there are cumulative shells (COP) 3BK12M shots 3VKB7 and 3BK14M shots 3VBK10. The shells are equipped with a stabilizer with six blades, a trace track for tracking its trajectory and getting into a target running 6-7 s.

In addition, also on tanks and armored vehicles, but also by armorolepaks, the flames of long-term defensive structures, fire is conducted by armor-piercing subcalacer shells (BPS) 3BM9, 3BM12, 3BM15, 3BM17 shots 3VBM3, 3VBM6, 3VBM7, 3VBM8, respectively. The shells themselves have ballistic tips, and in their rear part - tracers with combustion time 2-3 s.

When shooting with all types of tank shells, a single charge is used 4C40, consisting of a partially burning sleeve and a combat powder charge with ignition media, flamesiating and other elements placed in the sleeve. With a shot, part of its body, pressed into the pallet, burns, the metal pallet itself is thrown out of the guns on the charging mechanism.

The maximum range of shooting is a fragmentary-fugasal shell - 10,000 m with an optimal angle of elevation of the gun. The range of direct shot with a cumulative projectile - 1000 m, armor-piercing pylineberry - 2120 m.

All shots of T-80B tank are unified with ammunition tanks T-64 and T-72.

The charge of the gun is made automatically charging mechanism (MW). After each shot of the shot, the pallet is thrown out of the trunk channel, which is stacked in the mechanism of collecting MW. When you press the selection button of the control panel of the control panel, the stabilizer automatically removes the gun at a specific charging angle, then the conveyor displays the selected shot to the treasury part. Here, the feed mechanism gives the tray to the mechanism of resolution, which "charges" the gun - the shutter is closed. At the same time, the previous pallet from the catcher is shifted into the newly liberated tray. The charged cannon is removed from the stopper and the stabilizer is displayed on the aiming line. After firing the cycle is repeated.

The minimum duration of charging one shot when the conveyor rotates one step - 7.1 s.

At the bottom of the front sheet of the housing, the bulldozer dump for self-pumping tank is mounted. With it, it is taken off by the capofier with dimensions of 12x5.5x1.5 m in the sandy soil in 15 minutes.

The gun is equipped with an embedded control device.

The quick-disconnect connection of the trunk tube with the executioner allows its replacement in the field without dismantling the entire gun from the tower.

On the tank staged a fire control system SUO 1A33. The system is designed to ensure the effectiveness of fire, detecting goals and tracking by commander and anema, automatic entry amendments to the deviation of the archery conditions from normal, guidance and stabilizing weapons, entering the target designation from the commander.

With the help of SUO, it is possible to shoot tanks and armored goals moving at a speed of up to 75 km / h, for small-sized targets and lively power and from the course at speeds of up to 30 km / h. The fire can be conducted both in direct visibility and with closed positions.

The system includes: Sight-range renelstone 1G42, 2E26m armament stabilizer, a set of input information sensors - wind, roll roll, tank speed, course corner, Shot Speed \u200b\u200bPermissions 1G43 Tank Ballistic System 1V517 (TBV).

It was TBV that produces a range of range to the target, data in the angle of aiming and angular correction of the gun according to automatically entered sensor and rangefinder information.

Weapon stabilizer 2E26M - two-plane, gyroscopic, with electro-hydraulic drives. When the tank moves on the battlefield, the stabilizer gyroscope retains its position in space, thereby ensuring the impairment of sight of sight. However, the gun itself for dynamic reasons (friction in the assistant, hydrosistrate in the executive cylinder) tends to some lag from the "orders" of the stabilizer. The shot permission block gives the command to shooting only when ensuring a given minimum angle of mismatch between the stabilized tariff line and the actual position of the gun.

When measuring the range, its optical quantum generator, emitting a powerful short light pulse, emitting a powerful short luminous pulse is launched, but partially entering the photodiod for a receiving channel. Reflected from the target, the pulse of light comes back to the photodetector. The time interval between the radiation and acceptance of the reflected signal corresponds to the range to the target.

The wind sensor is designed to generate signals proportional to the lateral component of the wind speed. The roll sensor generates signals indicating the angle of the roll axis axis of the cannon. The speed sensor reducer is associated with the rotating lid of the guide wheel, so its signal is proportional to the tank speed. In addition to the testimony of these sensors, the part of the required indicators is entered into the TBV manually. This is data on the change in charge temperature, air temperature, atmospheric pressure, to wear the trunk of the gun.

GTD-1000TF gas turbine engine with a capacity of 1000 hp With two independent turbochargers and turbine. The engine has a system of automatic control mode of SURA.

Anti-aircraft installation of a tank with a 12.7 mm Machine gun NSW "Rotes" remote control.

The main nodes and equipment of the SUO are located on the tank as follows: the sight-range - in front of the tower to the left of the gun; Shot resolution unit - in front of the tower under the gun; Tank ballistic calculator - to the right of the selection of the commander; assemblizer assemblizer components - in the housing and tower; control unit - on the floor under the floor seat; electrical block - on the floor behind the seat of the gunner; Linear acceleration sensor - in the tank tank behind the instruments of the commander's observation; Tank speed sensor - in its left guide wheel; Roll sensor - on the floor to the right of the gun; Wind sensor - on the root of the tower.

In addition to guns and machine guns, T-80B tank provided a complex of controlled weapon of COV 9K112-1 "Cobra" to keep out of the guns of effective fire by controlled shells on tanks, armored vehicles, for small-sized fortifications - from the place and from the go. Firing range - up to 4000 m, target speed - up to 75 km / h. It is possible to combat helicopters flying at a speed of no more than 300 km / h at an altitude of up to 500 m; The range of their defeat is also up to 4000 m.

The complex consists of control instrument with a transmitting device, a photodetector, antenna block, a block of formation and control of teams, other devices, and, of course, managed projectile 9m112m. All equipment is placed in the battle branch of the tank in the form of individual removable blocks and is functionally connected with the SUO tank.

The shell consists of two compartments: the head and tail, which is connected on the MOW tray when you are allowed into the cannon; In the tank they are stored separately. In the head compartment - the combat part of the cumulative type and the march engine; In the tail - there is a throwing device, steering, wings, onboard equipment, designed for reception, detection, gain and decrypt control commands.

When shooting, the shell is thrown out of the trunk of the gun powder gases of the throwing device, its wings and steering wheel are revealed, the feedback emitter and antenna opens. Next, its speed is supported by the Marsh Engine.

The semi-automatic control of the 9M112M projectile is carried out within the limits of the direct visibility of the radio link; feedback - By means of a module modulated light source - emitter. The gunner must constantly hold the target brand on the target during the entire time of the shell flight.

The means of masking the tank is the thermal smoke apparatus of the flooding chimney multiple action. With the engine running, diesel fuel through the nozzles is injected into exhaust gases. Due to the high temperature, the fuel evaporates, turning into a steam outlet mixture, which, falling into a colder outer air, condenses and forms fog. Fuel consumption is minimal and is only 10 l / min; Continuous cycle - up to 10 minutes.

View of T-80B tank with a stern. The top of the tower attached the Pipe of the OPLT, on the sides - additional fuel barrels, below - the guide grille of the engine exhaust device, under it - log for self-drawing.

The smoke of the 81-mm grenades of the 902B system, which are installed on side of the tower are served the same purpose. The range of their starts is 250-300 m, maximizing the front of the smoke curtain with a volley of four pomegranate to 110-120 m. Pomegranate weight - 2.4 kg; The mass of block launcher is 3.6 kg.

The tank is equipped with protection against weapons of mass lesion (OMP). This is a collective system that protects the crew and internal equipment From the effects of the shock wave, radioactive and poisoning substances, with sensors, a measuring console, a power unit installed in the niche of the inner right fuel tank, as well as mechanically closing enclosures and tower seals.

Protection itself is provided by the formulation of the beam and the dump, the sealing system and the filter ventilation plant for the purified air supply to the inhabited compartments.

Pigeon significantly weakens the impact on the crew of gamma and neutron radiation due to its chemical composition, and also prevents the deployment of small-scale armor of armor inside the hull.

If necessary, the crew has the ability to use regular individual anti-radiation costumes.

On board are also radiation and chemical intelligence devices.

There is also fire equipment (PPO) - the automatic system of three-turn 34 "Inay". It includes 15 thermal sensors scattered throughout the entire body of the tank, and the three cylinders of the flame fluid with Freon 114V2.

Communication means are unified with all types of tanks and other combat vehicles. The receiving radio station R-123M makes it possible to maintain communication on the mid-perception area with the same type of stations at a distance of at least 20 km, even when driving at a speed of 40 km / h. Range of operating frequencies of the radio station - 20-51.5 MHz.

Equipment for underwater driving (OPL), installed on the tank, is intended to overcome the bottom of the water obstacles, providing sealing of the case and the tower. Its kit includes: air-powered schnorhelle, cannon seals and machine guns, exhaust valves, air cleaner valves. Movement under water at a certain direction is controlled by the GPK-59 hypolucompace using radio communications. No preparation for the maintenance of fire upon leaving the beach is not required.

The removable part of the equipment is set for 35-37 minutes, dismantling it and laying on the tank is made in 20 minutes. The mass of the OPLT set - 129 kg.

If necessary, two pumps with a capacity of up to 100 l / min are used to pump water from the housing.

For self-pumping on the housing of the tank - on its lower front sheet, the bulldozer dump is mounted, there are also fixtures for mounting mine trawl KMT-6.

Bulldozer dump has a width of 2140 mm; From the hiking in the workplace translates in 1-2 minutes, again to the hiking - for 3-5 minutes. With it, it is possible to break capofier with dimensions of 12x5.5x1.5 m in the sandy soil in 12-15 minutes, in clay - for 20-40 minutes.

On the case of the tank, the outer fuel tanks included in the overall fuel system, zip boxes, spare tracks, towing cables, reservoir EQUIPMENT, CONTINUED TOWER. Be sure to have a log for self-drawing; It is attached to the feed of the car.

T-80U.

T-80BV.

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From book Light tank Panzer I. by the author Knyazev M.

Machines based on tank T-10 SAU "OBJECT 268" Self-propelled artillery installation "Object 268" with a 152-mm gun M-64 and 14.5-mm anti-aircraft gunner in 1956 on the basis of T-10 tank was developed by SAU "Object 268 »With 152 mm gun M-64. To place it on the installation case mounted

From the book a heavy tank "Panther". First complete encyclopedia Author Kolomiets Maxim Viktorovich

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From the book of the average tank T-28. Three-headed Monster Stalin Author Kolomiets Maxim Viktorovich

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From the book Tank T-80 by Borzenko V.

PZ.I PANZERJ? GER Tank is the same way from possible ways to extend the life of "units", on the prospects of combat career of which the cross was put before the beginning of World War II, it was the creation of light self-propelled-artillery on their base

From the book of the ABC of Equipment Single Rope author Petko

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The T-28 tank device T-28 tank passes through Uritsky's area. Leningrad, May 1, 1937. The 1935 release machine, the support rollers of the early type (ASKM) tank is clearly visible. For the entire time of mass production T-28 tanks had two types of housings: welded (from homogeneous armor) and

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Assessment T-28 tank as a whole, the T-28 tank design can be recognized quite perfect for its time. The composition and arming is applied to the concept of a multi-laying layout, were optimal. Three towers placed in two tiers, with their independent

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Creating a tank with GTD Tank T-80UD of the 4th Guards Cantemir Tank Division on one of Moscow streets. August 1991 19 April 1968 by joint decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On the creation of gas turbine power plants for armored vehicles"

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Modifications of tank T-80 "Object 219 SP 1", 1969 - the first version of the prototype T-80 tank, modification T-64a: chassis as in T-64, gas turbine engine GTD-1000T; Development of SCB-2 LK3. "Object 219 SP 2", 1972 - the second version of the prototype T-80 tank: new chassis with torsion

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Special machines based on T-80 tank armored repair and evacuation machine Bram 80BREM-80U was created on the basis of T-80 tank and retains all its capabilities in speed, maneuverability, overcoming obstacles, coronary crew. It is intended for complex

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2.3 Construction design of modern rope - cable type. For the first time, it was used by the company "EDELRID" in 1953. Such a rope has a carrier core and a protective braid (Fig. 7). Theservantsis consists of several tens of thousands of synthetic threads. They are distributed in two, three or

The main combat tank T-80 and T-80B

Historical reference

After the cessation of work on heavy tanks, the KB of the Leningrad Kirov plant was engaged in creating a rocket tank on the basis of the Kharkov "Object 432". In 1967, work on the tank was discontinued, it was a serious blow to the team and the main designer J. Ya. Kotina.

By this time, preparations for serial production of T-64 tank on tank plants, the Kirov plant received a task to prepare serial production of this tank. There was an idea of \u200b\u200binstalling a GTE on the T-64 tank, attempts to install GTD on the tank were taken before and earlier, but these were modifications of existing engineered engine helicopters. In those years, GTD was considered a rather promising engine, the development of specialized tank GTD began in the Leningrad NGO named after V. Ya. Klimov under the leadership of S. P. Isotova.

In 1968, J.Ya. The cattine has begun to fulfill the duties of the deputy. Minister MOS, His place was taken by N. S. Popov.

The decision to create a gas turbine tank was taken by the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Soviet USSR on April 16, 1968. From this point on, the history of T-80 tank began. Already in May 1969, the new GTD was installed on an experienced tank sample. In 1970 The Kaluga Motor Building Plant was entrusted with the development of mass production of the Tank Engine GTD-1000T, developed by NGOs. V. Ya. Klimova.

The car was adopted in 1976 and became the world's first serial tank with the main power plant on the basis of a gas turbine engine. It was in service with three main tanks - T-64, T-72 and T-80. In combat characteristics, they differed slightly from each other.

In the T-80 design, the T-64a tank elements are used: gun, ammunition, charging mechanism. The first T-80 was equipped with towers similar to those installed on T-64a.

On T-80B, the control system 1A33 "OB", developed on T-64B, was adopted.

Thus, according to individual elements, the T-80 design was unified with previously released T-64A and T-64B tanks.

The T-80 tank layout is similar to the T-64A. Improving visibility from its place is achieved by installing three viewing devices instead of one.

Chassis T-80 is designed specifically for this tank, and In contrast to the T-64, it contains support rollers with an outer clipping. Crawler ribbon, made of stampedelements interconnectedparallel those. dwalle Use of suchcaterpillars reduced vibrationstransmitted from the chassis oncase tank, and significantly reducedthe noise level created bymovement.

During the period of the mid-70s, diesel engines have not been created. Power 1000 hp. And more, therefore, a number of high-ranking persons, first of all D. F. Ustinov, the prospect of tank buildings was seen in GTD.

Tank T-80 with GTD emerged as an alternative to T-64 tank with5TDF engine. Poetom his designer N.S. Popov tried in every way to prevent the organizationmotor production 6TD-1 which was developed in the late 70sand its installation in T-80 tank. In the highest circles of the country constantly went the discussion - which of the engines is better. It was obvious that the GTD is significantly inferior to the piston engine at cost, has largetraveling fuel expenses, which requires additional costson its transportation and large volumes in the tank for its placement.

But few people could oppose D. F. Ustinov - one of the first persons of the state. For D. F. Ustinova wasthe fact that the American tank "Abrame" was preparedthe answer in the form of the Soviet Tank T-80.

And few wondered the economic aspect of this issue. The cost of one experienced GTD-1000T for the period 1970 amounted to 167 thousand rubles. The cost of a whole T-64 tank for that period was 174 thousand rubles. That is, in T-80, only the engine cost as a whole tank T-64, while the main characteristics, in addition to the maximum speed of the tanks, were similar.

For the age of adoption in 1976, the cost of T-80 exceeded the cost of T-64A three times - 480 and 140 thousand rubles, respectively.

By the beginning of the 80s, the cost of mass production of GTD due to the mass decreased to 100 thousand rubles. But the cost of T-80B in comparison of T-64B, equipped with the same SW and produced in one period of time, was 2 times higher. But, economic characteristics did not change the determination of D. F. Ustinov in orientation on the T-80 as a single tank for the army. Opinion D.F. Ustinova did not support many, including the head of the GBTU A. Kh. Babajanian, who changed it in 1980 Yu.M. Potapov, but did not express their opinions openly.

By the end of the 80s in the Soviet Army (east of the Urals) there were about 100 T-80 tanks, 3700 T-80B tanks and 600 T-80BV. In the 200b and T-80BV tanks and about 4,000 thousand T-64A, T-64B and T-64A, T-64B and T-64BV were located in HSVG. T-64 and T-80 tanks were the basis of Soviet tank troops.

Read more The history of domestic tank buildings in the post-war period. "

At the moment, the T-80BV tanks make up a significant part of Russia's tank troops and need modernization. In conditions of lack of current in the Russian Federation, the mass mass producing engine capacity of 1200 hp Modernization of the T-80B is quite reasonable. Existing developments for improving fire power, such as the complex "45m", a set of active protection, implementation of hydraulic volume transmission (GOP) of the turning mechanism, reserves of upgrading the charging mechanism provide T-80B large potential for upgrading. The option is also an option for equipping T-80B tanks tanks removed from the operation of T-80D tanks with more perfect protection and a complex of weapons. The direction selected in the Russian Federation to modernize the existing tank fleet until 2015, instead of expensive purchases of new equipment on UVZ, opens up prospects for modernizing the T-80B and T-80U.

Firepower

At all modifications of the main combat tank T-80, a 125 mm smooth-bore gun of type D-81, unified with domestic tanks, was installed in the artillery armament.

The combat compartment on the layout is similar to the combat branch of T-64 tank. In addition to 28 shots in the mechanized alert, within a combat department there are three shots (7 shells and charges are placed in the management department).

Amusement to the cannon consists of 38 shots. 28likes are placed in the conveyor and the types are stacked in anyratio. 10 shots are placed in non-mechanizedstyling and equipped only by fragantive fuzasny and kum-lyative shots.

In the combat department are located: 1 projectile - verti-rattry on the floor cabin, behind the backrest of the commander; 1 gil-per - on the floor of the front right part of the cabin; 2 shell and 2 Gil-Shl - by partition between medium fuel tanks.

The Office of the Office contains: 5 shells and 7 sleeves - in the tank-rack; 2 shells - on the bottom of the tank-rack.

On the sleeves installed in the combat department, covers should be affected.

The ammunition of a paired Machine gun PCT includes 1250 pa-troons, equipped with five tapes (250 rounds in each) and laid in their stores.

Five storekeext stores are located in the Bay of the Tank Office:

one store - on the machine gun;

three stores - in the niche of the tower on the right;

one store - on the front right side of the cabin.

Camcondition for an anti-aircraft installation consists of 300 ammunition,

cutting three ribbons (100 ammunition each) and the streets in standard shops that are accommodated:

one store - on an anti-aircraft installation;

two stores on the right side of the tower stern.

Amusement for AKMS automaton includes 300 ammunition cards, equipped with 10 stores (30 pieces in each). Stores are laid in two bags and placed; One bag - in the rack in the tower, behind the backrest of the commander; Other - in the rack in the tower, ahead of the commander, above the radio station. Manual grenades F-1 (10 pcs.) Are laid in five bags and once-worn in the rack in the tower, ahead of the commander, above the radio station. On the cabin shelf, a wanted charge for emergency emission of the product 9m112m is placed behind the back seat of the commander. The ammunition for Rocket (12 signal missiles) is laid in two cartridges, which are placed in the rack on the wall of Ka-Bina commander.

The T-80 tank and its modifications are equipped with a MH similar to the T-64 tanks.

The first T-80 tanks were equipped with a TPD-2-49 gun gun with an optical base range finder, with an independent staging field of view only in a vertical plane. In the future, the development of a tank sight with a laser range finder began. The task was to develop the designs of the laser rangefinder and its installation in the Tank Sight Rangeliner TPD2-49, the development of the CKB of the Krasnogorsk Mechanical Plant. Zverev.

It was possible to place a laser rangefinder module and elements of its pairing with the optics of this sight in the serial trance housing. The sight of the first stage was called TPD-K1. Specialists of the Kirov plant took an active part in both the "binding" of the modernized sight to the tank, and in the creation of the very sight. With this sight, the tank was adopted, but the most common modification of T-80 was the T-80B with SUO 1A33 "volume" and a complex of managed armament 9k112, fully borrowed with T-64B. Read more about SUO 1A33. The gunner also installed a night sight of TPN3-49 with eopI. -the establishment and range of identification target in passive mode 850 m and in active mode with illumination up to 1200 m.

The TPD-K1 scope was further used in T-72A and T-64A tanks. The task of the T-80B gunner is reduced to the guidance of the brand of sight to target, measuring the range, the choice of ammunition and the production of shot ..

With a gun, the machine gun of the Caliber 12.62 mm can be launched. For aircraft shooting, there is a 12.7 mm anti-aircraft gun, mounted on the base of the hatch of the tank commander.

The CPU on the commander turret is made on a hundred-rink, without any electric drives. Moreover, well-wives do not need a zenit machine gun, to rotate the commander's turret, the tank commander must rotate the entire design along with the CPU, and this is approximately 300 kg of mass, and the machine gun NSV-12.7 "Rock" will plow from The axis of rotation is one and a half meters, the other chang.

Protection

The strengthening of the T-80B protection was carried out due to the use of rolling armor of increased hardness of the BTK-1 type for windy and on-board parts of the housing. The frontal detail of the case had optimal ratio Thickness of three hospital armor is similar to the proposed for T-72a.

When developing a tank there were attempts to create a litter tower from steel steel, which were not crowned with success. As a result, the design of the tower was chosen from cast middle hardness armor with a filling rod by the T-72 Tower Tower Tower type, with the thickness of the T-80B tower, such towers were adopted for mass production since 1977.

Further strengthening the booking T-80B tank was achieved in T-80BV, adopted in 1985. Bronary protection of the frontal part of the corps and the tower of this tank is fundamentally the same as on the T-80B tank, but consists of enhanced combined armor and from mounted Dynamic protection "Contact-1". During the transition to the mass production of the T-80 tank on some T-80bv tanks of the last episodes (object 219rb), the T-80 Tower was installed, but with the old SUO and a complex of managed armament "Cobra".

To ensure protection against high-precision tank, as a rule, from the upper hemisphere to the motor-transmission compartment area (all of them mostly with the thermal heads of the homing), the guide grille of the exhaust manifold was performed by a box shape. This made it possible to somewhat remove the location of hot gases from the feed armor and actually "to deceive" the homemakers. In addition, the machine's underwater driving equipment set (OPLT) has placed on the stern of the tower, the cover, thus, a significant part of the MTO roof.

The inner walls of the combat compartment and the control separation were covered with a layer of peaks from the polymer material. It performs a double protective function. If you get into the tank of kinetic and armor-pipe-fuchasy anti-tank ammunition, it prevents the spool inside the case of small armor fragments formed on the inner surface of the armor. In addition, thanks to a specially selected chemical composition, this paddle significantly weakens the impact on the crew of gamma radiation. For the same purposes, they serve a special stove and insert in the seat of the driver's mechanics (protection of it from radiation when overcoming contaminated areas of the terrain).

Protection of neutron means of lesion is provided. As you know, these particles with a zero charge are delayed by hydrogen-containing materials. Therefore, the subboh, which was mentioned above, was made precisely from such a material. The fuel tanks of the engine power supply are located outside and inside the car in such a way as to surround the crew with a practically solid antineuter belt.

Also, to protect against weapons of mass lesions (nuclear, chemical and bacteriological) and to extinguish the fires arising in the car, a special semi-automatic system of collective protection (SCZ) is intended in the tank. It includes: radiation and chemical intelligence device (RSR), SETS-11-2 switching equipment, filter installation (FEV), PORTOROM, engine stop mechanism (mod), closing seals with actuating mechanisms and permanent enclosures and tower seals. The system works in two modes: automatic and manual - by commands from the control panel (in exceptional cases to extinguish fires by the command from the P11-5 console).

In automatic mode (main) when the radioactive or chemical air infection tank is detected (using the RSP device in constant air control mode) from the system sensors, a team comes to actuators of closing seals and turns on with a filter installation that creates excessive pressure of purified air in habitable compartments. . At the same time, sound and light alarm is triggered, an ahead of the crew about the nature of the area infection. The effectiveness and reliability of the functioning of the system is proved during special tests With modeling situations on air contamination, close to it really possible.

Fire equipment is associated with SCZ through the SEC-11-2 switching equipment and can work automatically or from the buttons on the remote control from the driver and commander. In automatic mode, the equipment is triggered by a signal from the thermal sensors of the HEAT-11 -2 equipment. It turns off the supercharger and the FEV valves are closed and the mod is triggered. As a result, air access in MTO ceases. Then the pyropatron of one of the three cylinders with the flame embutter is undermined and the corresponding (location of the fire) of the tank compartment is filled through the sprayer. After extinguishing the fire, the Futher's supercharger automatically turns on with the opening of the valves, which contributes to the rapid removal of combustion products and the extinguishing composition from the inhabable branches of the tank. In this case, an electrical signal from the mod is removed, which makes it possible to start the engine.

The listed design solutions serve to protect the crew and internal equipment of the tank in the event of various anti-tank tools. In order to reduce the likelihoods of their hit, the T-80 set the thermal equipment, for the formulation of the chimneys of the TDA and the smoke grenades of the system 902b "Cloud". The tank is equipped with self-pumping equipment and for hanging mine trawl.

Characteristics of mobility

Power point

The power plant consists of a gas turbine engine and systems that ensure its work: fuel, control, oil, air purity, air and special equipment. Special equipment of the power plant includes dust and vibration cleaning systems, a fuel removal device and nozzle purging device, thermal smoke instrument.

Tank T-80 with GTD since 1976 produced in Omsk with the engine that producedKaluga Motor Plant of the Ministry of Aviationindustry. The development of this engine wasimplemented by LPPO. Klimov in the period 1968-1972.

The engine had a conditional designation of GTD 1000t. Power itaccounted for 1000 hp On the stand, which corresponded to 795 hp intank, specific effective fuel consumption in standconditions - no more than 240 g / e.l.. In the conditions of the tank - 270 g / e.l.. The warranty period of work is 500 hours, the motor is 1000 hours.

Engine GTD 1000t -tree, with two-stage centrifugal centrifugalcompressor, two single-stage compressor turbines,ring countercurrent combustion chamber, freesingle-stage power turbine with adjustable nozzle apparatus.

The working cycle of the GTD consists of the same processes as the cycle of the piston engine - inlet, compression, combustion, expansion and release. However, in contrast to piston engines in which these processes are pro-target in the same place (in Qi-Lindre), they are carried out at the same time and continuously in different places: intake and squeezing processes in compressors; combustion - in the combustion chamber; expansion - in turbines; release - in the graduation pa-tube.

Power selection on the driving wheel of the machine is produced from a free turbine through a gear gear and transmission. The frequency of rotation of the rotor of a free turbine, depending on the position of the fuel supply pedal and the soil resistance, can measure from zero to 26650 rpm.

The engine in the power department of the machine is installed in a monoblock with aggregates and nodes of systems, which speeds up and simplifies assembly and dismantling work.

The monoblock is installed along the longitudinal axis of the tank on three supports: two rear beflies and anterior suspension support. On the T-80 tank, the engine replacement is 5 hours, each transmission is 4.5 hours. (The final report on the military operation 3 companies in the drive).

On the T-72 tank, the engine replacement time is 24 hours. (Report 38 of NIIA BTT, "Control over the progress of military operation of T-72 tanks in the BVO). The replacement time of each gearbox is 10.5 hours, the guitar is 17.7 hours (guidelines for troops T-72 tanks).

Fuel system

The fuel system includes eight internal, and five outer fuel tanks, pumps, filters, valves, cranes, pipelines and control drives.

To refuel the fuel system, the T-1, TC-1, RT grades, and diesel fuel L, 3, A. The main fuel is T-1 and TS-1. Du is the mixing of diesel fuel with fuel-in T-1, TS-1 and RT in any proportion. The overall fuel supply in the booked volume is 1110 liters, exterior tanks - 700l., Additional barrels are 400 liters.

Air purity system

The air purity system is designed for the cleaning of air entering the engine, nozzle ap-parat of high pressure turbines, by blowing the aggregative of the power compartment.

The air purity system includes air intake blinds of the roof of the power compartment with a protective grid, a block of air cleaner and radiators, ventilator blowing units, two fans of dust and cooling oil, air duct air duct of aggregates,

two air ducts of cooling air and dust, hatch partitioning of the power compartment, air filters of the nozzle apparatus of the high pressure turbine and the superior of the support cavities.

Transmission

Machine transmission mechanical, with hydraulic servo system, based on used on T-64, adapted for GTD.

Chassis

Construction chassis T-80 Contains support rollers with outdoor clipping, tracked ribbon, made of stampedelements interconnectedparallel those. dwallerubberometallic hinge, whilestamped caterpillage elements in placescontact with support rollers (i.e. by runningthe track) are made with the rubble.

Suspension tank individual, torsion, with hydraulic shock absorbers. It consists of 12 suspension nodes and 6 shock absorbers.

The placement of torsion plants are parallel, the entire width of the body of the machine, with the offset forward of the torsions of the right side, while the torsions of the left and right side are not interchangeable.

Shock absorbers - hydraulic, porsche-nonseum, telescopic type, bilateral detective. There are six shock absorbers on the tank (three on each board): first, the second and sixth ultrasound pendants.

Tactical and technical characteristics
Parameter	Unit of measurement	T-80B.
Full mass		42,5
Crew	person.
Specific power	l.S. / T.	25,8
Engine (GTD-1000T)	l.S.	1000
Width Tanka
Specific pressure on the ground	kgf / cm 2	0,86
Temperature mode of operation	° S.	40…+55 (with a reduction in power)
Length Tanka
with a gun forward	mM.	9651
corps	mM.	6982
Width Tanka
caterpile	mM.	3384
for removable protective screens	mM.	3582
Roof Height Tower	mM.	2219
Length of the reference surface	mM.	4284
Ground clearance	mM.
Width of the King	mM.
Motion speed
Middle Dry Dirty Road	kM / C.	40…45
Maximum on the road with solid coating	kM / C.
On the reverse gear, maximum	kM / C.
Fuel consumption per 100 km
On the dry dust road	l, BE	450…790
On the road with a solid coating	l, BE	430…500
Power reserve:
on major fuel tanks	kM
with additional barrels	kM
MotoPlet.
Shots for a cannon	pC
(Of these in the conveyor of the charging mechanism)	pC
Cartridges:
to the machine gun (7.62 mm)	pC	1250
to the machine gun (12.7 mm)	pC
Aerosol grenades	pC

Materials are used:

"Tank challenging time. To the 25th anniversary of T-80 tank. Collective of authors: M. V. Ashik, A. S. Efremov, N. S. Popov. St. Petersburg. 2001.

"Motors and fate. About time and about yourself. " N.K. Ryazantsev. Kharkov. 2009