Membership in RAS (2)

Membership in other academies

member of the European Academy of Sciences (1998)

active member International Academy of Astronautics (2000)

full member of the Max Planck Society (Academy of Sciences), Germany (2000)

foreign member of the US National Academy of Engineering (2002)

member of the Royal Academy of Engineering of Great Britain (2003)

member of the Swedish Royal Academy of Engineering (2004)

foreign member of the US National Academy of Sciences (2014)

Administrative positions (3)

Primary education (1)

Higher education (1)

Archive (place of storage of the archival fund, archival materials):

  1. Vladimir Fortov: The Russian Academy of Sciences is a very fragile structure. President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, physicist Vladimir Fortov answers questions from Vladimir Pozner.

Field of knowledge: Physics

Curriculum vitae

Fortov Vladimir Evgenievich (1946, Noginsk, Moscow region) -

specialist in the field of thermal physics high temperatures and pressures, thermal physics of dense plasma, physical gas dynamics;

Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1991); President of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 2013)

Vladimir Evgenievich Fortov was born on January 23, 1946 in Noginsk, Moscow Region. His father, Colonel Yevgeny Fortov, was an decorated Air Force fighter pilot who, after the war, served in the personal staff of Marshal G.K. Zhukov.

In 1952 he entered high school Noginsk, which he graduated from silver medal in 1962. In the same year, he entered the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) at the Faculty of Aerophysics and Space Technology, graduating in 1968 with honors with a degree in Thermodynamics and Aerodynamics. He began to engage in scientific work in the 3rd year of the institute under the guidance of Corr. USSR Academy of Sciences V.M. Ievlev at NII-1 (later - the Research Institute of Thermal Processes, now - the Keldysh Research Center). thesis on the study of thermophysics of non-ideal plasma defended a year ahead of schedule.

In 1968, he entered the graduate school of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology at the Department of Physical Mechanics. In 1971, he defended his Ph.D. thesis ahead of schedule on the topic "Thermophysics of Plasma of Nuclear Rocket Engines". Academician Ya. Zeldovich, one of the founders (along with A. Sakharov and Yu. Khariton) of the Soviet hydrogen bomb. He presented his Ph.D. thesis to the plenary session of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. The topic of the report was related to the theory of dense plasma, and the opponent in the report was prof. L. Altshuler, developer of the first Soviet atomic bomb.

From October 1971 to May 1986 he worked at the Department of the Institute of Chemical Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Chernogolovka, where V.E. Fortov carried out a number of unique experiments on the properties of dense plasma. The parameters achieved in the experiments - shock-wave and explosive, were overlimiting, therefore, soon under the guidance of V.E. Fortov, scientific groups began to work at the Institute for High Temperatures, Arzamas-16, Vympel Design Bureau on the problems of energy, spacecraft into the dense layers of the atmosphere.

In 1976 he defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic "Investigation of non-ideal plasma by dynamic methods."

In 1977, V.E. Fortov was allowed to travel abroad and presented a paper in Boulder, Colorado at AIRAPT (International Society of Researchers high pressures).

Since 1982 - professor in the specialty "Chemical physics, including the physics of combustion and explosion."

From 1986 to 1992, he worked as the head of a department at the Institute for High Temperatures of the USSR Academy of Sciences (now the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences) and part-time at the Institute for High Temperatures as the head of a laboratory.

December 23, 1987 V.E. Fortov was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Energy, specializing in thermal physics.

December 7, 1991 V.E. Fortov was elected a full member (academician) of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the Departments of Physical and Technical Problems of Energy and General and Technical Chemistry, specializing in thermal physics.

In 1992 he started Scientific research with a group in Arzamas-16 and created the Research Center for Thermal Physics of Impulse Effects in Moscow, specializing in the study of concentrated energy flows, railguns, the equation of state of dense plasma, MHD generators, hypervelocity impacts and explosions. At the Institute for High Temperatures, he created gigantic test chambers, the largest up to 10 m in diameter, with complete diagnostics and explosion capabilities of up to 2 tons of TNT (trinitrotoluene). Scientific groups in Moscow, Arzamas-16 and Chelyabinsk-70 have recently been merged into the Institute of Thermal Physics of Extreme States of the Russian Academy of Sciences, supervisor which is V. E. Fortov.

From 1993 to 1997 V.E. Fortov - Chairman of the Russian Foundation fundamental research(RFBR).

From 11/01/1996 to 11/14/2001 V.E. Fortov - Vice-President of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

In August 1996, he was appointed Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Science and Technology, then Minister of Science and Technology, at the same time, until March 1997, he was Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation; in March 1998, he retired as part of the cabinet of V. S. Chernomyrdin. In 2000, V.E. Fortov was appointed Chairman of the Information Technology Committee, in 2001 he became a member of the Scientific Council under the President of the Russian Federation.

Since 2007, V.E. Fortov is director of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures (JIHT) of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

From 2002 to 2013 - Academician-Secretary of the Department of Energy, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics and Control Processes of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Since 2010 - Member of the Advisory Scientific Council of the Skolkovo Foundation.

Since 2011, he has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov.

On May 29, 2013, he was elected President of the Russian Academy of Sciences by the General Meeting of the Russian Academy of Sciences. July 8, 2013 President Russian Federation approved V.E. Fortov as President of the Russian Academy of Sciences,

Vladimir Evgenievich Fortov is a specialist in the field of thermal physics of extremely high temperatures and pressures, thermal physics of dense plasma, and physical gas dynamics.

Academician Fortov has written more than 300 scientific papers, including 16 monographs. Fortov Author of books: Powerful shock waves and extreme states of matter Physics of non-ideal plasma; Thermophysical properties of hot dense plasma; Extreme states of matter; Experimental profiles of shock waves in condensed matter; Interaction of pulsed beams of charged particles with matter; Energy in the modern world; Extreme states of matter on Earth and in space; Shock - wave phenomena in condensed media.

Academician V. E. Fortov's scientific research is of fundamental importance for the development of pulsed and industrial power engineering, space physics, controlled thermonuclear fusion, rocket technology, and a number of special applications. He developed generators of powerful shock waves and experimental methods for studying physical properties substances at extreme parameters using explosives, laser, relativistic electron and ion beams.

V.E. Fortov developed a general method for constructing wide-range semi-empirical equations of state of matter, on the basis of which physical models were created and two-dimensional and three-dimensional codes for numerical simulation were implemented. physical processes at high energy densities: processes in modern energy, nuclear systems, devices of aviation and space technology.

Under the leadership of V.E. Fortov, work was carried out to create a supercomputer of massively parallel architecture with a record performance. He carried out work on anti-meteorite protection of the VEGA spacecraft instruments, shock protection of a number of satellites and space probes, and analyzed hydrodynamic phenomena during the collision of the Shoemaker-Levy comet with Jupiter. Under his leadership, methods for testing the resistance of energy facilities to electromagnetic influences, a set of works on special topics was completed, including for the creation of devices for advanced missile and defense technology.

Academician V. E. Fortov conducts pioneering experimental studies of highly non-ideal dusty plasma, is the scientific director of the large-scale space experiment "Plasma Crystal", carried out on the Russian segment of the International Space Station.

V.E. Fortov is a member of the European Academy of Sciences (1998); member of the International Planetary Society (1996); full member of the International Academy of Astronautics (2000); full member of the Max Planck Society (Academy of Sciences), Germany (2000); honorary member of the American Physical Society (2001); foreign member of the US National Academy of Engineering (Eng. National Academy of Engineering) (2002); member of the Royal Academy of Engineering of Great Britain (2003); member of the Swedish Royal Academy of Engineering (2004); Honorary Professor, Ben-Gurion University, Israel (2009); Visiting Professor of Physics at Imperial College (UK) (2009-2013); Honorary Professor at the University of Frankfurt (2010); Chairman of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO (1998-2005); Deputy Chairman of the International Scientific Council of the UNESCO Basic Sciences Program (2005); Member of the Advisory Scientific Council of the Skolkovo Innovation Center (since 2010).

V.E. Fortov - Medal, 1st class high school USSR "For scientific research" (1985); Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1986); USSR State Prize (1988); Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" IV degree (March 27, 1996) - for services to the state, successes achieved in work, and a great contribution to strengthening friendship and cooperation between peoples (1996); Gold medal named after S.P. Korolev "For outstanding work in the field of rocket and space technology" (1997); Gold medal named after M.V. Keldysh "For outstanding results in applied mathematics and mechanics" (1997); Medal to them. G.N. Babakina (1997); State Prize of the Russian Federation (1997); Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation (1997); International Scientific Prize. A.P. Karpinsky (A. Toepfer Foundation, Germany) for outstanding achievements in the field of thermophysics, theoretical and experimental physics (1997); Medal "In memory of the 850th anniversary of Moscow" (1998); Order of Merit for the Fatherland, III degree (June 4, 1999) - for a great contribution to the development of domestic science, the training of highly qualified personnel and in connection with the 275th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1999); Medal of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation "For Strengthening the Combat Commonwealth" (1999); Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation (1999); International Prize. P. Bridgman (awarded by the International Union of High Pressure Physics and Technology for work in the field of plasma physics) for achievements in the field of high pressure physics and technology (1999); Anniversary medal "300 years Russian fleet"(2000); Gold medal named after V.G. Shukhov "For outstanding contribution to the development of science and technology" (2001); Certificate of honor Government of the Russian Federation (2002); International Scientific Prize. Max Planck for scientific work in the field of plasma physics (2002); Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation (2003); Medal of the President of the Chechen Republic "For personal contribution in the restoration of peace and harmony in the Caucasus” (2003); International Scientific Prize. Hans Alfven in Plasma Physics for outstanding research in the field of high-temperature plasma (2003); Cavalier of the Golden Badge of Honor "Public Recognition" (2005); National Television Award "Victory" (2005); International UNESCO Albert Einstein Gold Medal "For Scientific Merit" for outstanding achievements in science and development of international scientific cooperation (2005);

International Scientific Prize. J. Duval for pioneering research in high energy density physics (2005); Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) for outstanding achievements in science and development of scientific cooperation with German scientists (2006); Knight of the Order of the Legion of Honor (France) (2006); Order of Honor (July 20, 2006) - for labor achievements and many years of conscientious work (2007); Acad. N.N. Semyonov of the Russian Academy of Engineering Sciences. A.M. Prokhorov for outstanding achievements in the field of combustion, explosion and detonation (2008); International Prize. Glass Award for Achievement in Shock Wave Physics (Nagoya University, Japan) (2009); Cavalier of the Order "Honorary Citizen of Russia" (2010); Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation for the practical development of "Scientific research and teaching aids in low-temperature plasma physics" (2010); International Prize of St. Andrew the First-Called "For Faith and Loyalty" (2010); Gold medal named after I.V. Kurchatova (2011); Prize to them. A.G. Stoletov RAS (2011); Order of Friendship (2011); Honorary Worker of the Higher vocational education Russian Federation (2011); Honorary citizen of the Noginsk region (1999), Order of Alexander Nevsky (2013).

On May 29, 2013, the General Meeting of the Russian Academy of Sciences elected a new president by secret ballot. It was Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladimir Evgenievich Fortov, director of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a world-famous scientist and organizer of science. The published edition is the election program of V.E. Fortov.

Why did he doubt whether it was necessary to head the Russian Academy of Sciences? Is there a chance for Russian scientists to get a Nobel? What storm was the most dangerous in his life? The RG correspondent talks about this with the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladimir Fortov, who turns 70 tomorrow.

You are a member of many foreign academies, few domestic scientists have so many prestigious international scientific awards. Why does a world-famous scientist need the chair of the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences? After all, there is no time left for science.

Vladimir Fortov: You probably remember how much criticism the academy found itself under at that time. The lion's share is an outright, even blatant lie. In fact, a real information war was waged against the RAN. But the image of the academy remains very high. Let's think, can we imagine our country without an academy? And without other near-scientific structures? The answer is obvious! However, in this chorus of criticism there were separate reasonable voices. What do I mean? I collaborated and even worked not only in leading domestic, but also in foreign scientific institutions. And I was offended that the efficiency of our scientists, who are in no way inferior to their foreign colleagues, is often lower than theirs. The reason is in the organization of science.

To put it very briefly what a scientist needs. He must be able to work quietly 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Have first-class installations, modern appliances, equipment. And must see the prospects of professional and career development. have clear life prospects. Have the opportunity to maximize your talent. Ideally, the entire organization of science should be sharpened for these purposes. It was they who became the basis of my election program. At the General Meeting of the Russian Academy of Sciences, scientists supported her, I was entrusted with the post of president of the academy. This is a great honor and a huge responsibility.

And after a couple of months, like thunder among clear sky struck external reform academies in an extremely extreme version. Nothing like this could be imagined in the most terrible dream. Its main drawback is obvious to any scientist. The reform of science should be carried out only by the scientists themselves, since they are the most interested and competent people in this matter. This is proved by the entire world experience. But we decided to go our own way. It occurred to someone that officials could teach scientists how they should work. This is complete absurdity. But especially harmful is the bureaucracy, which is actively "introduced" into science by officials. For them it is air, but for science it is suffocation.

But extreme is your element. In science, you deal with extreme states of matter. But in life - on a yacht they went around Capes Horn and Good Hope, visited the Arctic and Antarctica, descended on the Mir apparatus to the bottom of Lake Baikal. By the way, where does such a craving for risk come from?

Vladimir Fortov: I never pursued extreme sports, adrenaline in life is already enough. Maybe my mom was a good history teacher. She spoke very interestingly about the great geographical discoveries, about the people who made them. When I think about what they set sail on, what troubles they got into, I feel great admiration. It is one thing to get into a 14-meter wave on a modern yacht and quite another to fight it on an antediluvian boat.

So, maybe extreme reform of science is like rounding Cape Horn for you?

Vladimir Fortov: No, the analogy doesn't work here. Frankly, at first I was generally dumbfounded by the reform. In high offices, he sharply objected to this event. Now is not the time to recount the details of those events. I will only say that Yevgeny Maksimovich Primakov and Yuri Sergeevich Osipov influenced my decision to take this post. And, of course, the trust of the scientists who elected me.

As the hero of the famous film One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, what decision would you make as president: "I did it!"?

Vladimir Fortov: In the original version of the reform, it was about the destruction of the RAN. On the first pages of the document that the Ministry of Education and Science submitted to the government, there was a clause: to create a liquidation commission. Thus, the 300-year history of the Russian Academy of Sciences was supposed to end. Let's imagine, can Russia exist without an academy? I'm sure the vast majority will answer no. But there were people who were ready to take such an act. This barbarity has been stopped.

Was there anything that you especially regret that you would like to fix?

Vladimir Fortov: This feeling is familiar to everyone. There is no limit to perfection. But, perhaps, the main thing for me is that I have never betrayed anyone, I have not deceived. Of course, something could have been done smarter, more involved in political maneuvers, friendship with the right people. But as president of the academy, my "scientific syndrome" worsened. When I have at least a little free time, I sit down for desk I'm going to my institute. At the same time, it irritates me that I spend the lion's share of my time not on science, but on the fight against bureaucracy, bungling.

In addition, life is arranged in such a way that today you are sitting in the chair of a minister, president, and tomorrow you are nobody. This is where a lot of people break down. All my life to climb up, and then crash down. So that such a somersault does not become a tragedy, you must once and for all decide for yourself: science for a career or a career for science. I know exactly what I'll do when I have to leave. This is, for example, the scientific problem of "burning without oxygen", which should seriously help in solving the problem of global warming. After all, all thermal engines will stop emitting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The output is only water and harmless carbon powder.

It is no secret that in our society the academy does not have the best image. I don't hear about high-profile achievements, no Nobel Prizes. By the way, does one of our scientists have a chance to receive this highest award?

Vladimir Fortov: If you conduct a massive smear campaign to discredit the academy, it is clear what image it will have. After all, ordinary people do not know what the situation really is, and most of the media are not interested. But scandals, compromising evidence, "strawberries" are now open to the public. You know better than me the current habits of the information market.

At the same time, no one argues that our science is now losing its positions. And not only in our country. Once upon a time, only the USSR and the USA could afford to conduct fundamental research on all fronts and compete in many areas. But over the past 15 years, the number of publications, for example, in China has grown 10 times, in Brazil - 3.8 times, and in our country by only 12 percent. I'm not going to remove some of the responsibility from the RAS. But you have to be objective. With only 15 percent of scientists, 12 percent of the total funding for science, the academy produces 55 percent of Russian publications in prestigious journals. And in terms of efficiency per ruble invested, we are one of the world leaders. But how to explain this to those who do not see anything good in the academy, who believe that it is eating away people's money? Few people want to hear about these facts.

As for the Nobel Prizes, I assure you that, despite the difficult situation in our science, there are many scientists in Russia whose work deserves such an award. Another thing is that most of them were carried out when domestic science was one of the world leaders. If we continue to carry out extreme reforms, then the chances of a Nobel will be reduced to zero.

In general, I am very worried about the place that science and scientists occupy in our society today. They faded into the background. This is completely unacceptable in a country like Russia. Especially now, when the whole world is on the verge of a new technological revolution. When the president of the country makes passionate efforts to reorient the country to a new technological order.

Among your many works, the most famous among the general public is the "dust crystal" experiment, which is carried out on the International Space Station. Where does such a strange name come from and what is its essence?

Vladimir Fortov: It is also called "plasma crystal". To understand the essence of the matter, you have to remember the school. From the course of physics, four states of matter are known: solid, liquid, gaseous and plasma. The transition to each next state is accompanied by increasing heating and loss of order in the structure of matter. In my time Nobel Laureate Wigner put forward the idea that plasma could be "frozen". A similar possibility was considered by our great theoreticians Landau and Zel'dovich. They also pointed out the way: the energy of interaction of particles in a plasma must be greater than its temperature. But how to do it specifically, the classics did not explain.

IN Lately found such a way. We introduce dust particles into the plasma. Under certain conditions, they accumulate a huge charge. It also provides such energy of interaction of particles that dust particles line up in crystals. It turns out a kind of "frozen" plasma.

And why are experiments being carried out in space, on the ISS?

Vladimir Fortov: There is no gravity, and the crystal turns out to be multi-storey, a kind of skyscraper. Why is he interesting? All the bodies around us are made of crystals, but they can only be seen with the help of x-rays. And everything that happens in our crystal is visible to the naked eye. As for the scope, it is the most extensive. Now the world is booming nanotechnology. And the plasma crystal opens fundamentally new possibilities here. In addition, on its basis, you can make new, compact power supplies with a long life. It will also find application in the design of a thermonuclear reactor, which must be periodically cleaned of dust. Another profession of the crystal is the purification of impurities. Say, why is it better to take aspirin "Oops" than Russian? He is clean. All harmful impurities are removed from it, which give side effects. I can enumerate the areas of application of the "frozen" crystal for a long time, here the field is immense.

If you could look into 2050, what scientific questions would you like answered?

Vladimir Fortov: They say that those who know the future are in a lunatic asylum. You see, in science, to correctly pose a problem means to solve it by 50 percent. I think that the most "loud" problems of physics today - what is "dark matter" and "dark energy", why the Universe accelerates with acceleration - will be solved in the next 10-15 years. And now no one will say what will be opened in 2050. This is nature and charm. scientific creativity. After all, new knowledge is generated very rapidly. For example, in physics, 80 percent of new knowledge appears within the lifetime of just one generation. This, by the way, creates many challenges for education. A significant part of the information becomes outdated during the training of a young person. What to teach in such a situation? To put more and more knowledge into the head, what are our ideologists of education trying to do today, manipulating our school and university programs? I'm sure this is the wrong approach. I think those who say that we must teach to learn are right.

You graduated from the famous Phystech, which many young people dream of getting into. It is believed that to get there, you need special training.

Vladimir Fortov: I will disappoint you. After school, I didn’t even think about Fiztekh, it seemed to me like a kind of Everest. In general, I was not particularly worried about my future institute. The fact is that at school I went in for sports a lot, played for the Russian schoolchildren's basketball team. And I was told that I could enter almost any university without competition. Therefore, while the guys were preparing for the entrance exams, I quietly spent time at my aunt's dacha not far from the city of Dolgoprudny, where Phystech is located. A friend persuaded me to go with the company, to see what was happening. Having learned that the exams there are a month earlier than in other universities, we decided to try to practice. And I did. It turned out that it is almost impossible to prepare for exams at the Phystech, since the tasks are non-standard, they are not designed for knowledge, but for understanding, for quick wits. Now I wouldn't decide. By the way, I graduated from the most ordinary school in the city of Noginsk without any tutors.

I heard that chance played a decisive role in your scientific destiny, that it could have turned out differently ...

Vladimir Fortov: Perhaps ... After graduating from the Physicotechnical Institute, I worked in the "mail box". In his Ph.D. thesis, he solved the Zel'dovich-Fermi problem. After the defense, without having a Moscow residence permit, according to the distribution, he had to go to work in Vladivostok. Already bought a ticket. And before leaving, he spoke at a scientific symposium. And then some scientist began to ask questions, it seemed to me in a rather impudent manner. I responded the same way. Then he came up and offered to develop the work in new interesting directions. I say, actually, I'm leaving and throwing this topic. He immediately turned to the passing elegant tall man: "Kolya, this guy did Good work Can you give him an apartment?" As it turned out, Kolya was the legendary academician Semenov, a Nobel laureate. So I almost overnight became the owner of a two-room apartment. And the one who organized all this was the famous academician Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich, the father of the atomic bomb. Subsequently, my teacher.

It was reported that you presented the city of Noginsk with an airplane. How could this happen?

Vladimir Fortov: I grew up near a military airfield where my father worked as an engineer. Planes - it was the dream of all the local boys. Then I worked a lot with aviation, I have many good friends there. When the Su-27 aircraft was decommissioned, at my request it was handed over to the city of Noginsk. Recently I was there, children are standing around the plane, and the teacher tells them, here is the turbine, here is the air intake, here is the fuselage. The guys' eyes are burning, they are interested.

Scientific photo album

With the father of the H-bomb

Vladimir Fortov: In the early 1980s, the father of the American hydrogen bomb, Edward Teller, whom I knew well, proposed using nuclear arsenals to protect the Earth from asteroids. I was included in working group, she worked "under the umbrella" of the UN. Our calculations showed that if an asteroid larger than five kilometers in size falls on Earth, then all life will be destroyed. But the fall of such bodies is extremely unlikely. In a word, an international team of scientists said that it is impossible to convince people to spend huge amounts of money on such protection of the Earth in modern conditions.

Blitz interview

I do not like

If you hadn't become a scientist, what would you like to be?

pilot

Who are your favorite writers?

Feuchtwanger, Chekhov, Kuprin

What are your favorite artists?

Salvador Dali

Favorite song?

Songs by V. Vysotsky "I don't love", B. Okudzhava "Grape seed"

Favorite films?

"Nine Days of One Year"

Favorite dish?

What do you value most in people?

Devotion

What shortcoming do you forgive?

Betrayal

Favorite saying?

"The cleverest is to blame for the dispute", Marcus Aurelius

Business card

Vladimir Evgenievich Fortov was born on January 23, 1946 in Noginsk, Moscow Region. In 1962 he entered the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, from which he graduated with honors in 1968. At the age of 30 he defended his doctoral dissertation. He worked in the leading institutes of the country, and from 2007 to the present, he has been the director of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences - one of the largest in the country. In May 2013, the General Meeting of the Russian Academy of Sciences elected Vladimir Fortov President of the Academy.

The scientific interests of the scientist are very diverse. They are connected with the study of powerful shock waves, dense plasma, extreme states of matter, and space. Very promising for many areas of science is the cycle of experiments "Plasma Crystal", which are carried out on orbital space stations. Vladimir Fortov is a member of many international academies, winner of two State Prizes of the USSR and the Russian Federation, as well as many prestigious foreign awards, including the Einstein and Bridgman medals, the Max Planck, Alfven, Duval, Glass prizes, etc.

short biography

Vladimir Fortov was born 23 January 1946 of the year in the Moscow region city of Noginsk.

After leaving school in 1962 year the young man entered the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology at the Faculty of Aerophysics and Space Research.

IN 1968 year He graduated with honors from the institute and entered the graduate school. Fortov defended his Ph.D. thesis three years later, in 1971 year.

Beginning With1971 By 1986 gg. Vladimir Fortov worked in the department of the Institute of Chemical Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences (ICPC) in the village of Chernogolovka. In 1976, Fortov defended his doctoral dissertation. WITH 1982 of the year Fortov is a professor in the specialty "Chemical physics, including the physics of combustion and explosion."

1986- 1992 the scientist worked as the head of the department of the Institute of High Temperatures of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and also part-time - the head of the laboratory at the Institute of Chemical Physics.

IN 1987 year Fortov was elected to the post of Corresponding Member Academy of Sciences USSR in the specialty "Thermophysics" in the Department of Physical and Technical Problems of Energy, and in 1991 Fortov became a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the Departments of Physical and Technical Problems of Energy and General and Technical Chemistry.

1993-1997 Fortov was the chairman of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research.

Beginning with 1996 of the year for two years, Fortov served as Deputy Chairman of the Government of Russia - Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Science and Technology, Minister of Science and Technology of Russia. In 1998 he retired.

1996-2001. - served as Vice President of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Beginning with 1992 of the year By 2007 year Fortov was the director of the Institute for Thermal Physics of Extreme States of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and 2007 of the year to this day, he heads the entire Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

WITH 2011 of the year academician became a member of the Advisory Scientific Council of the Skolkovo Foundation, and 2011 of the year became a member of the Board of Trustees of the Northern federal university them. Lomonosov.

29 May 2013 year during the voting was elected to the post of President of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Vladimir Evgenievich Fortov is married, the couple has a child.

Scientific achievements and developments

Vladimir Fortov is known in wide academic circles as the creator of a new scientific direction - dynamical physics of nonideal plasma. His works and published monographs, as well as generalizing works of his students, are devoted to research in this area.

For scientific and applied research in the field of space physics, Vladimir Fortov was awarded many scientific awards and prizes, including international ones.

Thanks to his developments, at the Mir orbital station in 1998 year a unique space experiment called "Plasma Crystal" began (the study of plasma-dust crystals and liquids in microgravity), which later continued on the ISS.

In addition to scientific work, the academician is the editor-in-chief of the journal "Thermophysics of High Temperatures", as well as a member of the editorial board of some other Russian scientific publications.

Policy statements by Vladimir Fortov

1. Personnel. Fortov pays a special place in his report to the personnel problem, in particular, he speaks of the need to “recreate a positive image of the RAS in modern society» - to attract young specialists to science. At the same time, in order to increase the competitiveness of researchers, Fortov proposes to switch from concluding an open-ended employment contract to concluding contracts for up to 5 years. An indefinite employment contract can be concluded with an employee after he fulfills a certain “plan” for the number scientific publications, participation in conferences and scientific projects.

2. Salaries and pensions. Another issue that Fortov touched upon in his program is an increase in the salary level of a scientist by 1.5-2 times compared to the average regional level. The pension provision of scientists, as the academician believes, should be the same as that of civil servants. For the older generation of scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences, it is planned to create pension fund RAS, which will provide them with decent housing and communal and living conditions.

3. Financing. Fortov proposes to develop a competitive basis for research funding, that is, the amount of funds allocated should be based on the effectiveness and scientific level of research. To understand the effectiveness of the activities of scientists, a system for evaluating the activities of scientific institutions was successfully introduced, to which, according to Fortov, it is necessary to add criteria such as the number of publications and the citation of such publications. In addition, the total state funding for the activities of scientists should increase by 1.5-2 times compared to the general regional level.

4. New equipment. Fortov proposes to completely re-equip the Academy's technical park, as well as to use unique and experimental equipment. To do this, the scientist proposes to create a scientific and technical program "Experimental base of the Russian Academy of Sciences", which can be used not only for research of domestic scientific organizations, but also on a commercial basis for foreign customers. At the same time, when purchasing equipment, preference should be given to Russian manufacturers.

5. Cooperation. The program indicates the vectors of cooperation with major Russian organizations and government agencies, namely with JSC FSK, OKB Sukhoi, the Russian Aircraft Corporation, JSC Rosneft, JSC Russian Railways, as well as with the Ministry of Defense, Roscosmos, the Federal Security Service, etc. Of course, in addition to domestic cooperation, it is supposed to conduct joint developments with foreign colleagues. In addition, the Anti-Terrorism program is mentioned, which is aimed at developing scientists ways to deal with this danger. The RAS should also contribute (including financially) to the development applied research in research institutes and universities of the country.

Place of work:

Federal State Budgetary Institution Russian Academy of Sciences,

Advisor, Academician-Secretary of the Department of Energy, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics and Control Processes of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Joint Institute for High Temperatures RAS (JIHT RAS),

scientific adviser.

Contacts:

RAS: Leninsky Prospekt, 32, Moscow, Russia 199991
Tel. +7-495-938-00-12
Fax +7-495-938-15-02
e-mail: [email protected]

JIHT RAS: st. Izhorskaya, 13/2, Moscow, Russia 125412
tel.+7-495-485-79-88
fax +7-495-484-16-38
e-mail: [email protected]


Personal Information:

Date and place of birth: January 23, 1946, Noginsk, Moscow region, Russia

Marital status: married, has a daughter.

Education:

Higher, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 1968

Academic degrees, titles:

Professional activity:

1971 - present

Jr Researcher, Senior Researcher,

Head of Department, Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences;

1986 - 1992

Head of a department at the Institute for High Temperatures of the USSR Academy of Sciences;

1990 - present

Head of the Department of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology;

1992 - 2007

Director of the Institute of Thermal Physics of Extreme States, JIHT RAS;

2007 - present

Director of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences;

1993 - 1997

Chairman of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research;

1996 - 1997

Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Science,

science and technology policy and technology,

1997 - 1998

Minister of Science and Technology of the Russian Federation;

1996 - 2001

Vice President of the Russian Academy of Sciences;

2002 - 2013

Academician-Secretary of the Department of Energy, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics and Control Processes of the Russian Academy of Sciences;

2013 - 2017

President of the Russian Academy of Sciences

2017 - present

Advisor to the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician-Secretary of the Department of Energy, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics and Control Processes of the Russian Academy of Sciences,

adviser to the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Area of ​​scientific interests:

Thermal physics, plasma physics, chemical physics, energy.

Scientific, organizational and social activities:

· Chairman of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO, 1998 - 2004;

Deputy Chairman of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO, 2004 - present;

member of the scientific advisory board at General Secretary UN, 2013 - 2016;

Member of the Board of Trustees of the Skolkovo Foundation;

Member of the Advisory Scientific Council non-profit organization"Development Fund of the Center for the Development and Commercialization of New Technologies" (Skolkovo),

Member of the Expert Council of the Chairman of the Collegium of the Military-Industrial Commission of the Russian Federation;

Member of the Presidium of the Interdepartmental Commission on Technological Forecasting of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for the Modernization of the Economy and innovative development Russia;

· Member of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for Science and Education;

· Chairman of the Commission on Personnel Issues of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for Science and Education;

Member of the Council for Scientific and Technical Policy under the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation;

· Member of the Scientific and Coordinating Council of the Scientific and Technical Service of the FSB of Russia;

· Member of the Scientific and Technical Council under the Board of Directors of JSC Rusnano;

Member of the Presidium of the Scientific and Technical Council of the State Corporation Rosatom;

· scientific partner of the Joint Scientific Council of Russian Railways;

· Member of the International Steering Committee and the Scientific and Technical Committee of the FAIR International Center for Ion and Antiproton Research;

· Member of the Supervisory Board of the Research Institute "Dialogue of Civilizations";

· Chairman of the Academic and Dissertation Councils of the JIHT RAS;

· Member of the Academic and Dissertation Councils IPCP RAS.

Membership in the Academies of Sciences:

Full member of the European Academy of Sciences, 1998

Full member of the International Academy of Astronautics, 2000

Full member of the Scientific Society (Academy) of Max Planck (Germany), 2000

foreign member of the US National Academy of Engineering, 2002

foreign member of the National Academy of Sciences of Georgia, 2002

Member of the Royal Academy of Engineering, UK, 2003

Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering, 2004

Member of the Norwegian Academy of Polar Research, 2009

Honorary Member of the Russian Academy of Rocket and Artillery Sciences, 2010

Academician of the Royal Academy of Engineering of Spain, 2013

foreign member of the US National Academy of Sciences, 2014

member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, 2014

foreign member of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2015

Honorary Member of the Russian Academy of Rocket and Artillery Sciences, 2016

Membership in Universities:

· honorary professor University. Ben Gurion, Israel, 2009

· Visiting Professor, Department of Physics, Imperial College, UK, 2009-2013.

Honorary Professor at the University of Frankfurt Goethe, Germany, 2010

Honorary Professor of the University of Rostock, Germany, 2006

Honorary Doctor of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, 2012

Honorary Doctor of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 2012

· Honorary Doctor of the St. Petersburg Physical-Technical Institute. A.F. Ioffe, St. Petersburg, 2012

Honorary Doctor of the Samara State Aerospace University, Samara, 2012

Honorary Doctor of the National Research Tomsk state university, Tomsk, 2012

Honorary doctorate from Osaka University, Japan, 2015

· Honorary Professor of the Kabardino-Balkarian State University. H.M. Berbekova, 2015

Honorary Doctorate of the Valencia Polytechnic University, Spain, 2016

Honorary Visiting Fellow of the Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria, 2016

Membership in the editorial offices of Russian and international journals.

member of the editorial board of the international journal "High Temperatures - High Pressures",

member of the editorial board of the international journal "High Pressure Research",

member of the editorial board of the international journal "Contributions to Plasma Physics",

member of the international editorial board of the journal "Thermophysics and Aeromechanics"

member of the advisory board of "100K20", publishing house "Springer Nature" in Russia,

· Chief Editor journal "Thermophysics of High Temperatures",

editor-in-chief of the journal "Reports of the Academy of Sciences",

editor-in-chief of the journal "In the world of science"

Membership in scientific societies

Member of the International Planetary Society, 1996

Honorary Member of the American Physical Society, USA, 2001

Russian orders, medals and international awards.

State

Order of the Red Banner of Labor, 1986

Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 4th class, 1996

Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 3rd class, 1999

Order of Honor, 2007

Order of Friendship, 2011

Order of Alexander Nevsky, 2014

Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 2nd class, 2016

Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 1st class, 2017

Russian scientific awards

USSR State Prize, 1988

State Prize of the Russian Federation, 1997

Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation - 1997, 1999, 2003

Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of education, 2010

Prize to them. A.G. Stoletova, 2011

2012

Departmental and other awards

Medal of the 1st degree of the higher school of the USSR "For scientific research", 1985

Medal "Veteran of Labour", 1990

Gold medal to them. S.P. Queen, 1997

Gold medal to them. M.V. Keldysh, 1997

Medal to them. G.N. Babakina, 1997

Jubilee medal "In memory of the 850th anniversary of Moscow", 1997

Medal of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation "For Strengthening the Combat Commonwealth", 1999

Medal "300 years of the Russian Navy", 2000

Gold medal to them. V.G. Shukhov, 2001

Medal of the President of the Chechen Republic "For personal contribution to the restoration of peace and harmony in the Caucasus", 2003

Acad. N.N. Semenova, 2008

Order "Honorary Citizen of Russia", 2010

Gold medal to them. I.V. Kurchatov, 2011

Order of Engineering Glory, 2011

Medal "Academician N.A. Pilyugin", 2012

Badge “Order of V.I. Vernadsky”, 2013

Honorary Diploma of the State Duma Federal Assembly RF "For active social and political activity", 2016

Medal of the Russian Academy of Rocket and Artillery Sciences "For outstanding achievements", 2016

Commemorative medal dedicated to the 100th anniversary of N.S. Lidorenko, 2016

Honorary diploma of the Presidium of the Higher Attestation Commission under the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation for great merits in the work on attestation of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel, 2016

National award "Person of the Year - 2016"

National Non-Governmental Demidov Prize, 2017

Medal "70th Anniversary of the Academy of Artillery Sciences - Russian Academy of Rocket and Artillery Sciences", 2018

International scientific awards

International Scientific Prize. A.P. Karpinsky, 1997

International Scientific Prize. P. Bridgman, 1999

International Scientific Prize. M. Planck, 2002

International Scientific Prize. H. Alfvena, 2003

International Scientific Prize. J. Duval, 2005

International Scientific Prize. Glass, 2009

International Prize "Golden Hands" R.I. Soloukhin for outstanding achievements in the field of gas dynamics, 2012

International Energy Prize "Global Energy", 2013

International awards

UNESCO International Gold Medal A. Einstein "For scientific merit", 2005

Order of the First Class Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany for outstanding achievements in science. (Germany), 2006

Order of the Legion of Honor (France), 2006

International Prize of St. Andrew the First-Called "For Faith and Loyalty", 2010

International award. Queen Victoria, UK, 2011

International award. Socrates, 2012

UNESCO Medal "For Contribution to the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology", 2015

Big gold medal of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2017

V.E. Fortov - a participant in the elimination of accidents at Chernobyl nuclear power plant and the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. Participated in the normalization of the situation in the Chechen Republic. Participated in a test cruise on a nuclear submarine cruiser.

V.E. Fortov developed dynamic methods for generating states of matter with extremely high parameters, created a wide range of shock wave generators: pneumatic and electrodynamic accelerators, powerful lasers, electron and ion beams, with the help of which pioneer research was carried out in the field of dynamic physics of extreme pressures and temperatures of nonideal plasma. He developed a general theory for constructing wide-range equations of state of matter, developed new methods for converting chemical energy into the energy of electromagnetic radiation and electrical energy, the processes occurring under pulsed action of powerful flows of directed energy on materials are studied. IN last years V.E. Fortov pays great attention to the problematic issues of the development of energy and the study of highly non-ideal plasma, the effects of ultrashort high-power laser pulses on matter.

More than 10 doctoral and more than 30 master's theses have been defended under his scientific supervision, he is the author of more than 30 monographs and more than 900 original and review scientific articles. Has an article citation index of more than 7000 and an integral Hirsch index of 58.

In 2007, V.E. Fortov participated in the High-Latitude Arctic Deep Sea Expedition on North Pole, and in 2008, within the framework of the program of the International Polar Year, he participated in the International Antarctic Expedition to South Pole and Pole of Relative Inaccessibility. In 2010, it sank to the bottom of Lake Baikal and Lake Leman (Switzerland). In 2014, he participated in an expedition to the Vostok polar station (Antarctica). V.E. Fortov, winner of the USSR sailing championship, sailed around Cape Horn and Cape of Good Hope on a yacht, and crossed the Atlantic Ocean. addicted skiing, tennis, piloting and extreme travel.

​Recently, Vice-President of the Russian Academy of Sciences Valery Kozlov became acting president of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He will remain in this post for six months, until the election of the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which should take place no later than November 20, 2017. Knowing the traditions of the Russian nomenklatura, which are preserved regardless of the era, we can assume that it is Valery Kozlov who will be the next president of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

This appointment was preceded by a scandal, when on March 20, at the very beginning of the General Meeting of the Russian Academy of Sciences, all three contenders for the presidency - academicians Vladimir Fortov, Vladislav Panchenko and Alexander Makarov - withdrew their candidacies. The elections thus failed. At the end of March, the powers of President Vladimir Fortov ended, he was asked by the whole assembly to agree to extend them for six months. But the academician rejected the request, said he was unwell and went to the hospital. There were no clear explanations for the swiftness with which Fortov abandoned the election program and resigned, for which he fought for a significant part of his life, did not follow.

Despite the fact that science is a faithful companion of paradoxes and surprises, such an amazing scenario has never happened in its 300-year history. At the same time, it must be noted that Valery Kozlov is a very worthy scientist and manager, if such a term is used in the delicate sphere of managing intellectual activity. Kozlov is not a public figure, he did not give interviews, he did not become famous for scandalous statements, which in the current nervous situation is probably a positive factor.

The long-term president of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yuri Osipov, under whose wing Valery Kozlov grew up for a quarter of a century, told me that Kozlov was born in a remote village in the Ryazan region and for many years he skied to the nearest school every day. And then he entered the Mekhmat of Moscow State University. Colleagues wits call Kozlov the modern Lomonosov. Perhaps this fact of the biography led to the fact that for several years he was vice-rector of Moscow State University for work with gifted children and editor-in-chief of the Kvant magazine. At the age of 28, Kozlov became a doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, at the age of 33 - a professor at Moscow State University.

In 1998-2001, Valery Kozlov was Deputy Minister of Education of the Russian Federation Vladimir Filippov. That is, he has experience in public administration. In recent years, he has headed the Steklov Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which, not without reason, for one prize (although the general public knows the name of only Perelman), is the leading, if not the best, mathematical center in the world.

But what happened at the General Assembly? It is known that on the eve of the meeting, Fortov, who without options should have won the elections, was taken to the Kremlin for a conversation. To whom is unknown. Given the insultingly low status that Russian science has reached, it is difficult to imagine what level of official was instructed to hobble the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Some believe that there was a conversation with Putin, but I think this is due to inertia.

In any case, such strict limits were set that on the morning of Monday, March 20, having broken the work schedule of the General Assembly, all three candidates announced their withdrawal. Of course, the situation is humiliating for the Academy, which acts as a collection of the best minds of Russia, but which, as it turned out, can be pushed around bypassing the traditions, charter and employment of two thousand not the last people in the state. The formal reason for the cancellation of the elections was announced - flaws in the charter of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which make it possible to manipulate the procedure up to the throwing of balls during voting. Disorder, for example, that the paper is without watermarks, the president appoints the chairman of the election commission, and there are no observers looming behind the members of the counting commission. There are many claims, but it is clear that this is cunning.

The President of the Academy began to be elected under the Provisional Government of Kerensky, and over a hundred years a knurled tradition has developed. From generation to generation academics have treasured their reputation, and there has never been a shred of suspicion that a crook has crept into their ranks. These are far from being holy people, but they are not capable of such a low fall into sin. If it is necessary to follow the principle, then the CEC experts would quickly patch up the gaps.

It is clear that the cancellation of the elections is a blow to Fortov. The Kremlin had many reasons for dissatisfaction. In recent elections, the Academy accepted such candidates into its ranks, which was a shame. The President of the Russian Academy of Sciences received a public scolding from the President of the Russian Federation, and officials who went against the instructions of their superiors left the civil service. Although, of course, the cleaning of the rows was superficial.

But the main claim against Fortov is that over the three years of the reform and connection of the RAS to the structures federal agency Scientific Organizations (FANO) The Academy of Sciences did not show the results that the government expects from it. Whether she could show, being reduced by long humiliations to a miserable state, is another matter. But the contribution of the Academy of Sciences to the elimination of the technological backlog is not yet noticeable. And the Kremlin believes that science, like agriculture, should thrive. If it doesn't, it's necessary to change the chairman of the collective farm.

Sanctions are another ideological front. This is new nuclear project. Although the disproportion of scale is obvious. But in any case, the Academy failed to close the technological gap. The Presidium and the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences were most active in the fight against FASO, accusing the agency of bureaucratizing science to an impossible level. It is difficult to understand the mutual accusations of scientists and officials, but it is clear that FANO is closer in spirit to the Kremlin. By the way, there are dozens of doctors of sciences and several corresponding members in the ranks of the agency, that is, these are people who are not completely far from science.

Even Fortov's election program was full of claims against FASO. In the current situation, such a step as suicide note. Obviously, the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences overestimated his administrative resources and could not resist the general mood of his respected colleagues, who demanded to intensify the pressure against FASO, defending the sacred traditions of the Academy.

Informed sources do not rule out that the legislation will be promptly amended so that the president of the Russian Academy of Sciences, given the importance of this organization, is appointed by the government. It can be foreseen that this will be regarded as a violation of democratic norms and the destruction of the last academic freedoms. But without unnecessary hypocrisy and hypocrisy, it must be admitted that the election of the president of the Academy at all times was decorative in nature and he was always approved by the supreme power.

Until 1917, the president of the Academy of Sciences was openly appointed by the emperor. And these were not the worst times for science. Contrary to the myth, the royal relatives were not at the head of the Academy, the only exception was the Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich under Alexander III and Nicholas II, but he was a deeply educated person, moreover, an excellent linguist. And in the Soviet era, with total party discipline, a puncture almost happened only once. In 1951, after the sudden death of Sergei Vavilov, the president of the USSR Academy of Sciences, with the formal observance of election, decided to appoint a prosecutor at the trials of "enemies of the people" Andrei Vyshinsky. But Lenin's comrade-in-arms, the elderly Gleb Krzhizhanovsky, put on all the orders, the cap of an academician, went to the Kremlin and dissuaded Stalin.

Problem Russian science not who leads it. It is possible to find a president who will turn out to be nicer to the authorities than Vladimir Fortov, but the effectiveness of the Academy will not become higher. The problem of science lies in its lack of demand by the authorities, which live by other interests, focusing on the model of public administration, where the contribution human capital minimized.

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