Lecture management rg spn reinforced composition. Special forces units of the Russian Federation. The main signs of a possible attack, allowing you to suspect someone of preparing an attack, include

In October 1950, according to the Directive of the Minister of War and the Chief of the General Staff No. Org / 2 / 395832 of October 24, 1950, it was ordered "to form separate special-purpose companies under the combined arms and mechanized armies, as well as in some military districts."
According to this directive, under the leadership of the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff, until May 1, 1951, 46 separate special-purpose companies were formed with 120 people each.
The total number of personnel of the army special forces companies was 5520 people.
41 companies were formed with combined arms and mechanized armies, 5 companies were formed in districts that did not have separate armies (according to other sources in the PribVO, LenVO, BVO, PrikVO).

On October 26, 1950, the operational management of special-purpose companies and the provision of combat training was entrusted to the GRU General Staff, where a direction was created under the 2nd department of the 3rd Directorate of the GRU. Colonel P.I. Stepanov was appointed head of the direction.
Directly in the formations, the management of special-purpose companies was carried out by the 3rd departments of intelligence directorates.
The main purpose for which the special-purpose companies were created was the desire of the general staff to have forces and means capable of effectively combating the means of an enemy nuclear attack. To do this, it was necessary to combine reconnaissance components with strike components for effective opening and destruction of specific targets. The army special forces were created as a sabotage weapon, which was tasked with fighting the enemy not on its own territory, but deep in the territory of the enemy. It was a lesson in war Nazi Germany. The special forces were supposed to operate in the rear, detect and destroy missile launchers, arsenals, storage bases, strategic aviation at airfields, prevent the regrouping of troops, disrupt the transportation of troops and cargo. Thus, even during the formation of special forces companies, the functions that were performed by partisan detachments during the war were given.
In the formation of separate special-purpose companies, the chiefs of intelligence of the armies and districts in which the companies were formed, as well as the heads of the third departments of the intelligence departments of the headquarters of the associations, were involved. Since air was recognized as the main method of penetration into the rear of the enemy, specialists from the airborne troops were actively involved in the formation of new units.
Special purpose companies of that time included two special reconnaissance platoons, one training platoon and a special radio communications platoon. The companies began to conduct combat training, which included airborne, engineering, reconnaissance and a number of others. The main means of destruction in the companies was considered to be mine-explosive equipment, which certainly spoke of the use of the rich combat experience of the guards battalions of miners when creating the companies.
In fact, special-purpose companies could be called "companies of miners-paratroopers", but due to the special focus of the tasks, they received the name they received.

77th Special Forces - Kaliningrad, 11th Guards OA PribVO;
20th Special Forces, Leningrad Military District;
78th division, Simferopol, OdVO;
18th Special Forces, ZabVO;
61st Ordnance Division - Ussuriysk, Primorsky Territory, 5th OA, Primorsky District;
69th Orspn 2nd Guards MA, GSVG;
74th Special Forces, UrVO;
75th Ordnance Division - Np Nurmalishche, Olonetsky District, Karelian-Finnish Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, BelomorVO;
76th Special Forces, Leningrad Military District;
92nd Orspn - railway Art. Fighter Kuznetsov, Budenovsky district, Primorsky Territory, 25th OA, Primorsky Military District;
99th division, Arkhangelsk, ArkhVO;
227th Special Forces - Novocherkassk, North Caucasus Military District;
200th Special Forces, Siberian Military District.

By 1953, as a result of the reduction of the USSR Armed Forces, 35 special-purpose companies were disbanded. There are 11 spetsnaz companies left.

Among the total number of disbanded special-purpose companies, it is worth mentioning the companies that, in addition to the general "special forces" training, also had special conditions of service: for example, the fighters of the 99th Special Forces Special Forces of the Arkhangelsk Military District in combat training focused on performing tasks in the difficult conditions of the Arctic, and the fighters of the 227th Special Forces of the North Caucasian Military District underwent intense mountain training.
By the directive of the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces of August 29, 1957, 5 separate special-purpose battalions (based on companies) were formed, subordinate to the commanders of military districts and groups of troops:
26th Separate Special Purpose Battalion (GSVG, Furstenberg, GDR);
27th Separate Special Purpose Battalion (SGV, Strzegom, Poland, based on the 92nd Orspn of the 25th OA of the Far Eastern Military District);
36th Separate Special Purpose Battalion (PrikVO, Khmelnitsky, Ukrainian SSR);
43rd Separate Special Purpose Battalion (ZakVO, Lagodekhi, Georgian SSR);
61st Separate Special Purpose Battalion (TurkVO, Kazandzhik, Turkmen SSR, on the basis of the 61st Ordnance Division of the 5th OA FEB);

The number of companies has been reduced to 4.
18th division of the 36th OA ZabVO (Borzya);
75th Special Forces of the South GV (Nyiregyhaza);
77th division of the 8th TA PrikVO (Zhytomyr);
78th Ordnance Department of OdVO (Simferopol).
At the same time, two companies were disbanded, the personnel of which went to staff new battalions. The transfer of special forces units to the battalion structure made it possible to improve educational process, freeing a significant part of the personnel from garrison and guard duty. Three battalions were concentrated in the western (European) direction, one was in the Caucasus, and one more in Central Asia. There were three companies in the western direction, and at that time we had only one special-purpose company in the eastern direction.

In February 1962, in accordance with the Decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU of August 20, 1961 "On the preparation and development of special equipment for organizing and equipping partisan detachments", the Directive of the General Staff of February 5, 1962 in order to accumulate and train personnel for the deployment of the partisan movement in war time the commanders of the military districts were instructed and ordered to select 1,700 reserve servicemen, bring them into a brigade and conduct military training with them within a month. At the end of the training camp, they were assigned special military registration specialties, they were forbidden to be booked by the national economy and not used for their intended purpose.
By the directive of the General Staff of March 27, 1962, drafts of the states of special-purpose brigades for peacetime and wartime were developed.
In January 1963, on the basis of the directive of the General Staff in 10 military districts (Leningrad, Baltic, Belorussian, Carpathian, Kiev, Odessa, Transcaucasia, Moscow, Turkestan, Far East), the formation of framed separate special-purpose brigades began.
As part of the brigade, part of the units were deployed according to the state of peacetime, that is, during the period of the threat of war, they could be understaffed with assigned staff. Several units in the brigade had only squad commanders, all other officers, sergeants and soldiers were in reserve. During this period, units and formations began to receive special equipment and weapons that required good knowledge and skills in dealing with them. Teaching a person who has arrived for military training, special tactics, weapons, equipment and parachuting is an extremely difficult task, especially when only a month is given for all this.
In January 1963, on the basis of the directive of the General Staff in the village of Chuchkovo, Ryazan Region, Colonel A.V. Shipka formed 16th separate brigade special purpose.
As a result of the reform, by January 1, 1963, the Soviet special forces included 12 separate companies, 5 separate battalions and 10 cadre brigades (27 units in total):

1. 2nd ObrSpN (Pskov, LenVO);
2. 4th ObrSpN (Viljandi, Estonian SSR, PribVO);
3. 5th ObrSpN (Maryina Gorka, Belorussian SSR, BVO);
4. 8th ObrSpN (Izyaslav, Khmelnitsky region, PrikVO);
5. 9th ObrSpN (Kirovograd, Ukrainian SSR, KVO);
6. 10th ObrSpN (Stary Krym, Ukrainian SSR, OdVO);
7. 12th ObrSpN (Lagodekhi, Georgian SSR, ZakVO);
8. 16th ObrSpN (town of Chuchkovo, Ryazan Region, Moscow Military District);
9. 15th ObrSpN (Chirchik, Uzbek SSR, TurkVO, on the basis of the 61st obspn);
10. 14th ObrSpN (Ussuriysk, Primorsky Territory, Far East).

In 1963, on the territory of the Belorussian, Baltic and Leningrad military districts, the GRU of the General Staff conducted the first large-scale exercises, during which reconnaissance groups were actually thrown into the depth of their activities according to certain tasks. Radio operators provide communications for the working bodies of special intelligence. As the exercises showed, special forces groups successfully worked against real troops and objects deep behind enemy lines. One of the organizers of these exercises, which made it possible to actually work out many issues related to combat work, was Ivan Nikolayevich Shchelokov. His work was highly appreciated by the leadership of the GRU and by the deputy head of the GRU, Colonel-General Kh.D.-Mamsurov, who personally arrived at the exercises.
Despite the successful work during the exercises, by the end of 1964, as a result of another reorganization, the special forces lost 3 battalions and 6 companies and 10 brigades, 2 battalions and 6 companies remained in the army special forces.

Since the summer period of 1970, the personnel of the brigades began to study foreign languages ​​of their theaters of action.
In 1967, the Black Sea Fleet created a training detachment of light divers of the Black Sea Fleet, which began to work out the issues of training and use of combat swimmers. The detachment was soon renamed the Detachment to Combat Submarine Diversionary Forces and Means (PDSS) of the Black Sea Fleet.
In 1969, detachments to combat the PDSS were created as part of the Baltic, Northern and Pacific fleets.
In 1978, the "Method of tactical and special training of units" was approved.
In the 1970-1980s, the Soviet Army had 13 special forces brigades (military districts, groups of troops)
In 1985, the 22nd ObrSpN was formed (Lashkargah, TurkVO).
In the 1970-1980s, there was participation in hostilities and military service by naval special forces in Angola, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Nicaragua, Cuba, and Vietnam.

In 1979-1989, army special forces took part in the fighting in Afghanistan. As part of the 40th Army, there were 8 special forces battalions (detachments), organizationally consolidated into 2 special forces brigades and one separate company, with the tasks of: reconnaissance and destruction of rebel detachments and caravans, reconnaissance and inspection of caravans, mining caravan trails and rebel movement routes, installation reconnaissance and signaling equipment.

A special action on December 27, 1979 to seize the Taj Beck Palace and eliminate Kh. Amin, carried out by 154 separate detachments of the 15th special forces brigade of the TurkVO in cooperation with the special forces of the KGB and the parachute company of the Airborne Forces, marked the beginning of a 9-year special action of the Soviet troops in Afghanistan.
After the departure in January 1980 of 154 separate special forces to the place of permanent deployment of the brigade in the city of Chirchik, only a separate special forces company of 120 people remained as part of the 40th Army. In 1981, two separate special-purpose detachments (154 oo Special Forces TurkVo and 177 oo Special Forces SAVO) with over 500 people each were introduced into Afghanistan.
Until the beginning of 1984, they guarded the pipeline and the mountain pass, but they were equipped with motorized rifle officers and could not carry out special events, even if their superiors strongly wanted to.
On February 10, 1984, the third detachment (173 OOSpN) entered Afghanistan and arrived near Kandahar. The first detachment was transferred to Jalalabad, and the second to Ghazni. Since March 1984, the use of units for their intended purpose began.
At the end of 1984, the fourth detachment from the Kirovograd brigade arrived in Bagram, which was later transferred to Baraki.
In the autumn of 1984, the 370th separate special forces detachment arrived in Afghanistan, formed on the basis of the 16th separate special forces brigade of the Moscow Military District in the village of Chuchkovo, Ryazan Region.
Subsequently, the 370th OOSpN became part of the 22nd ObrSpN and was stationed in the city of Lashkargah (Helmand province). From 1984 to 1988, 47 officers, ensigns, sergeants and soldiers died in the detachment.
In 1988, the 370th OOSpN was re-incorporated into the 16th Obrspn MVO.
Until the spring of 1985, all units were separate and were not assigned to anyone. In 1985, two separate special-purpose brigades (15 arr. Special Forces TurkVO and 22 arr. Special Forces SAVO) were introduced, each consisting of four separate detachments.
The general management of the special forces units was carried out by the "Screen" task force at the headquarters of the 40th OA.

By 8:00 a.m. on January 13, 1984, a detachment consisting of a reinforced company of 177 separate special forces detachments with an attached tank platoon and two companies of the Afghan army blocked the village of Vaka in the Surubi region with the task of detecting and capturing a caravan of 20 pack animals with weapons and ammunition, which, according to intelligence intelligence arrived there the day before. During the combing, the data was not confirmed, and by 15.00 the detachment was surrounded on all sides by bandit formations. With the onset of darkness, the Afghan units arbitrarily left the positions indicated to them and left. As a result, only after a day and a half of heavy fighting, with the support of artillery and aviation, the detachment was able to leave the area of ​​​​the special action.
After the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan, the organizational structure of the 15th and 22nd Special Forces brigades in 1989 was significantly changed. Armored Combat vehicles, automatic grenade launchers, controls that provide special-purpose formations with real-time communication with headquarters, aviation and artillery, including space communications, were withdrawn from brigades due to the inconsistency of the task of anti-sabotage combat with the goals and tasks of military intelligence. The nine-year struggle of formations, units and subunits of special forces with irregular armed formations was recognized as an exceptional, not typical case of their combat use. As a result of this approach, when developing the new Guidelines for the Combat Use of Special Forces, Units and Subunits, put into effect in 1991, the tasks of combating enemy irregular armed formations were not included in the list of special tasks.
Therefore, in January 1990, when the 15th arr. Special Forces of the TurkVO, having arrived in Baku with standard weapons, again received the task of combating illegal armed formations of the Popular Front of Azerbaijan, by the decision of the Minister of Defense of the USSR, 37 flights were made by Il-76 VTA aircraft and delivered from Tashkent over 20 units of armored military equipment, dozens of vehicles, as well as communication facilities that allow you to negotiate over the phone in the HF band. Availability a large number officers and warrant officers who had experience in combating sabotage formations, allowed the brigade, transferred to the operational subordination of the KGB of the USSR, to successfully complete the tasks assigned to it. After the brigade returned in April 1990 to its place of permanent deployment, non-standard military equipment and means of communication, despite the petition of the brigade command, were handed over to the bases of the district.

In 1986-1990, the regiments of the missile divisions of the Strategic Missile Forces were assigned separate security and reconnaissance companies, later security and reconnaissance battalions (anti-sabotage combat) were deployed as part of the formations and formations of the Strategic Missile Forces, and a separate anti-sabotage combat battalion (PDB) was directly subordinated to the Commander-in-Chief. The main task is to protect and protect launchers(PU), command posts (CP), combat control cables (CBU), search and destruction of the enemy RDF in the position areas of the Strategic Missile Forces
With the collapse of the USSR, Russia lost 5 ground (army) and 1 marine (naval) special forces brigade (Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan).

5th Separate Special Purpose Brigade (settlement of Maryina Gorka, Minsk Region, Byelorussian SSR)
10th Separate Special Purpose Brigade (Stary Krym, Crimean Oblast, Ukrainian SSR)
N-th separate brigade of special purpose (Izyaslav, Khmelnitsky region, Ukrainian USSR)
N-th separate brigade of special purpose (Kirovograd, Ukrainian SSR)
15th Separate Special Purpose Brigade (Chirchik, Uzbek SSR)

17th Separate Special Purpose Brigade of the Navy (Ochakov, Ukrainian SSR)

For 1999, the GRU General Staff has:
1. 2nd Separate Special Purpose Brigade (Pskov)
2. 3rd separate guards brigade for special purposes (p. Roshinsky, Samara region, PriVO)
3. 12th separate brigade of special purpose (Asbest, UrVO)
4. 14th Separate Special Purpose Brigade (Ussuriysk Far East Military District)
5. 16th separate special-purpose brigade (Chuchkovo, Ryazan region, MVO)
6. 22nd Separate Special Purpose Brigade (Aksai, Rostov Region, North Caucasus Military District)
7. 67th Separate Special Purpose Brigade (Berdsk, Novosibirsk Region, Siberian Military District)
8. 24th Separate Special Purpose Brigade (Ulan-Ude)

GRU Special Forces
Brief historical background

On October 24, 1950, according to a memorandum from the head of the General Staff (General of the Army Shtemenko S.M.) and the Head of the GRU, the Minister of War of the USSR (Marshal of the Soviet Union Vasilevsky A.M.) gave the Directive to form 46 (forty-six) special-purpose companies before May 1, 1951 (41 army companies and 5 front-line companies in the border districts of the western direction (PribVO, LenVO, BVO, PrikVO and OdVO)) with a staff of 120 people each. This day is the official date of birth of the Special Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
A separate company of the Special Forces (1950s) included:
. 1st training reconnaissance platoon,
2 reconnaissance platoon,
3 reconnaissance platoon,
special radio communications platoon

Scouts were preparing for action as part of reconnaissance and sabotage groups of 8-10 people. In such an organizational structure, the companies existed until 1957.
There is information about the presence in 1950-1951:
18th Special Forces, ZabVO
20th Special Forces (Army), LenVO
26th Special Forces of the 2nd Guards Mechanized Army of the Soviet Group Occupation Forces in Germany (Fürstenberg);
27th Special Forces in the Northern Group of Forces (Poland, Strzegom);
The 36th Ordnance Special Forces of the 13th Combined Arms Army of the Carpathian Military District (Khmelnitsky), in 1957 it was deployed into the 36th Separate Special Forces Battalion;
43rd Special Forces of the 7th Guards Army of the Transcaucasian Military District (Lagodekhi);
61st Special Forces, Ussuriysk, 5th OA of Primorsky Military District, In 1956, relocated to Kazanzhik, SAVO
69th OrdnSpN 2 Guards. MA, GSVG
74th Special Forces UrVO
75th Special Forces, n / a Nurmalishche Olonetsky district of the Karelian-Finnish Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, BelomorVO
76th OrdnSpN (district), LenVO
77th Special Forces, Kaliningrad, PribVO, in 1953 already in PrikVO, Zhitomir 8 TA.
78th Special Forces, Simferopol, OdVO
92nd Special Forces of the 25th Army (KDVO). In 1957, the relocation of the company to the Northern Group of Forces - Shekon, Poland. In the same 1957, the deployment of the 27th separate battalion of the Special Forces on the basis of the company.
99th OrdnSpN, Arkhangelsk, ArkhVO
200th Special Forces, Siberian Military District
227th OrdnSpN, Novocherkassk, North Caucasian Military District

To guide the companies of the Special Forces, a direction was created under the 2nd department of the 3rd Directorate of the Second Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Colonel P.I. Stepanov was appointed head of the direction. A special department has been set up at the Higher Academic Courses for Intelligence Officers.
With the reduction of the Armed Forces of the USSR in 1953, 35 companies of the Special Forces were disbanded. There are 11 SpN companies left:
18th Special Forces of the 36th Combined Arms Army of the Trans-Baikal Military District (Borzya);
26th Special Forces of the 2nd Guards Mechanized Army of the Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany (Fürstenberg);
27th Special Forces in the Northern Group of Forces (Poland, Strzegom);
36th Ordnance Special Forces of the 13th Combined Arms Army of the Carpathian Military District (Khmelnitsky);
43rd Special Forces of the 7th Guards Army of the Transcaucasian Military District (Lagodekhi);
61st Special Forces of the 5th Combined Arms Army of the Primorsky Military District (Ussuriysk);
75th Special Forces Special Forces in the Special Mechanized Army (Nyiregyhaza);
76th Special Forces of the Leningrad Military District (Pskov);
77th Special Forces of the 8th Mechanized Army of the Carpathian Military District (Zhytomyr);
78th Special Forces in the Tauride Military District (Simferopol);
92nd Special Forces of the 25th Combined Arms Army of the Primorsky Military District (n.p. Fighter Kuznetsov).

In 1956, the 61st Special Forces of the 5th Combined Arms Army of the Far Eastern Military District was relocated to the Turkestan Military District.

By order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR Marshal of the Soviet Union Zhukov G.K. in 1957, the following organizational and staffing activities were carried out:
the 26th separate battalion of the Special Forces (GSVG, Furstenberg) was formed. Commander - Lieutenant Colonel Mosolov R.P.
the 27th separate battalion of the Special Forces was formed (SGV, Strzegom). Commander - Lieutenant Colonel Pashkov M.P.
the 36th separate battalion of the Special Forces was formed (PrikVO, Khmelnitsky). Commander - Lieutenant Colonel Shapovalov.
the 43rd separate battalion of the Special Forces (ZakVO, Lagodekhi) was formed. Commander - Colonel Geleverya I.I.
the 61st separate battalion of the Special Forces was formed (TurkVO, Kazandzhik).
According to the Directive of the Chief of the General Staff of August 9, 1957, it was ordered to form the second airborne school in Tambov in the GRU system by January 15, 1958 (G.K. Zhukov's removal from the leadership of the USSR Ministry of Defense stopped the formation of the school).
transferred to the new organizational structure
transferred to a new organizational structure of the 77th separate company of the Special Forces of the 8th TA (PrikVO, Zhytomyr)
the 78th separate company of the Special Forces (OdVO, Simferopol) was transferred to a new organizational structure.

At that time, there was also the 18th Special Forces of the 36th OA of the ZabVO (Borzya). And there was also a company in the Ural Military District (74th Special Forces). These companies were also transferred to the new OShS.

During these events, two companies were disbanded, the personnel of which went to staff new battalions. The transfer of special forces units to the battalion structure made it possible to improve the educational process, freeing a significant part of the personnel from garrison and guard duty. Three battalions were concentrated in the western (European) direction, one was in the Caucasus, and one more in Central Asia. There were three companies in the western direction, and at that time we had only one special-purpose company in the eastern direction.

A separate battalion of the Special Forces (late 50s - 1960s), a total of 360 people:
3 companies of Special Forces,
special radio communication company,
special forces training platoon,
support and maintenance units

Notes:
some sources mention a sniper platoon.

A separate company of Special Forces (the end of the 50s (at least 1957-1962)), 112 people in total (including 9 officers and 9 re-enlisted):
Company management:
o Company commander
o Political officer of the company
o Deputy company commander for VDP
o Deputy company commander for engineering training
o Translator (first German, then English) - officer
o Company Sergeant Major (conscript)
o Secretary (overtime)
1 training and reconnaissance platoon
o Platoon Leader (Officer)
o ZKV (overtime)
o Reconnaissance group (several, (two radio operators were supposed to be in the RGSN)):
 commander (sergeant)
 Radio operator
 5...6 scouts
2 reconnaissance platoon
3 reconnaissance platoon
4 communications platoon
5 Automotive and economic department
o to-r auto-detachment (extra enlistment)
o parachute depot (conscripts)
o warehouse of household property (overtime service)

In service / equipment (for 1957-1962):
AK-47 (including silencers), PM
For automotive engineering:
o GAZ-69: 1
o GAZ-51: 1
o GAZ-63: 4
o ZIL-157 (R-118): 2
parachutes (PD-47, then D-1, D-1-8)
In 1959, the Beta radio stations were no longer in operation in the company (PribVO), R-350s arrived, with their help they kept almost uninterrupted communication with the OSNAZ LenVO radio center (from Kaliningrad).

On August 20, 1961, the Central Committee of the CPSU adopted the Decree "On the training of personnel and the development of special equipment for organizing and equipping partisan detachments." By a directive of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces of February 5, 1962, in order to accumulate and train personnel for the deployment of a partisan movement in wartime, the commanders of military districts were ordered to select 1,700 reserve servicemen, bring them into a brigade and conduct thirty days of training. After the training camp, the personnel were assigned special military registration specialties. They were forbidden to be reserved for the national economy and not used for their intended purpose.
By the directive of the General Staff of March 27, 1962, drafts of the states of special-purpose brigades for peacetime and wartime were developed.
Since 1962, the formation of 10 cadre brigades began, the deployment and arrangement of which was basically completed by the end of 1963:
2nd ObrSpN military unit 64044, formed on December 1, 1962 (according to other sources in 1964); LVO, Pechory, Promezhitsa, on the basis of the 20th and 76th Special Forces;
4th ObrSpN military unit 77034, formed in 1962 in Riga; PribVO, then transferred to Viljandi;
5th ObrSpN military unit 89417, formed in 1962; BVOkrug, Maryina Gorka;
8th ObrSpN military unit 65554, formed in 1962; PrikVO, Izyaslav, Ukraine, on the basis of the 36th Special Forces;
9th ObrSpN military unit 83483, formed in 1962; KVO, Kirovograd, Ukraine;
10th ObrSpN military unit 65564, formed in 1962; OdVO, Stary Krym, Pervomaisky;
12th ObrSpN military unit 64406, formed in 1962; ZakVO, Lagodekhi, Georgia, on the basis of the 43rd Special Forces;
14th ObrSpN military unit 74854, formed on January 1, 1963; Far Eastern Military District, Ussuriysk, on the basis of the 77th orb;
15th ObrSpN military unit 64411, formed on January 1, 1963; TurkVO, Chirchik, Uzbekistan, on the basis of the 61st Special Forces;
16th ObrSpN military unit 54607, formed on January 1, 1963; MVO, Chuchkovo.

Basically, the formation of the first ten brigades was completed by the beginning of 1963, but, for example, the 2nd Special Forces, according to some sources, was finally formed only in 1964.

The organizational and staffing structure of a separate special-purpose brigade in 1963 was as follows:
brigade headquarters (about 30 people)
one deployed detachment of Special Forces (164 people in the state) - using the example of the 9th brigade, included:
o 2 special forces companies, special weapons platoon, special radio communications platoon
reduced staff special radio communications detachment (about 60 people)
two to four framed detachments of the Special Forces
economic support company
in addition, the brigade included such collapsed units as:
o company of special mining
o group of special weapons (ATGM, RS "Grad-P", MANPADS)

In peacetime, the size of the cadre brigade did not exceed 200-300 people; according to the wartime states, the special forces brigade had more than 1,700 people.
At the beginning of its existence, the brigades were cadre, and in particular, in the 9th Special Forces detachment stationed in the city of Kirovograd, there were initially six detachments, in which only the first detachment had two special forces companies, a special weapons platoon and a special radio communications platoon. The other five detachments had only commanders. The command, headquarters and political department of the brigade consisted of thirty people.
In addition to the cadre special-purpose brigades, separate special-purpose companies were again formed in some combined arms and tank armies. In particular, in 1961, the 791st Special Forces was formed in Yurga, which in 1972 was transferred to Berdsk, where already in 1984 a new brigade was formed on its basis.

On January 1, 1963, the grouping of units of the Special Forces included:
separate framed brigades - 10.
separate battalions of Special Forces - 5 (3 of them were reorganized into brigades)
SPN companies - 12 (several names of commanders of individual SPN companies - V.E. Breslavsky, A.P. Panfilov, A.A. Abramkin)

As a result of the reorganization, by the end of 1964, there were 10 squadron brigades (in all border districts, in the MVO and KVO), two battalions (in the GSVG and SGV: the 26th and 27th, respectively) and 6 companies of the Special Forces (SKVO, PrikVO, UrVO , Siberian Military District, ZabVO, YuGV).

In 1966, in Furstenberg (Werder garrison, Neu-Timmen) on the basis of the 5th Guards Separate Motorcycle Battalion (former during the war, the 5th Guards Warsaw-Berlin Reconnaissance Motorcycle Regiment, which was formed in 1944) by the Directive Commander-in-Chief of the GSVG, on the basis of the 26th Specialized Special Forces, with the involvement of the forces of the 27th Specialized Specialized Forces, the 48th and 166th Orbs, a new type of formation was formed - the 3rd Specialized Special Forces, which inherited the guards rank. Colonel R.P. Mosolov was appointed commander of the new brigade. The brigade received the code name of military unit 83149. The main difference between the new brigade and the existing ones was that the brigade, even during formation, was deployed to a full, special staff, as well as the fact that the brigade included separate units - separate special forces .
This brigade at that time was the most complete (up to 1300 personnel) and was in constant combat readiness to perform tasks as intended. The detachments of the brigade were formed in a slightly different state than the detachments of the brigades that were stationed in the USSR. These detachments had a staff of 212 people, while the "allied" brigades had detachments with a staff of 164 people.
The full name of the formation: 3rd Separate Guards Red Banner Warsaw-Berlin Order of Suvorov, 3rd degree special-purpose brigade.
As part of the brigade, special forces were formed: 501st, 503rd, 509th, 510th, 512th.

In May 1968, a special mining company was introduced to the staff of the 5th brigade of the Special Forces.

In 1970, a special-purpose training company was deployed in Pechory, which was later reorganized into a training battalion, and then in 1973 into the 1071st special-purpose training regiment (military unit 51064), which trained junior commanders and specialists for special forces units. At the 1071st UpSpN, a school of ensigns functioned for special forces.

The 1071st opSpN included (indicative data):
2 training battalions, these battalions included:
o reconnaissance training companies (sergeant training);
o special communications company (specialists);
o mining company (specialists);
RDO
Authorote;
Ensign School.

In 1972, two brigades were formed as part of the Group of Soviet Forces in Mongolia (closed to the district and Headquarters of the direction), the numbering of which is in the same row as the numbers of the special forces brigades, but these brigades were called "separate reconnaissance brigades". These brigades included three separate reconnaissance battalions each, armed with infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers, and combat support units, which was due to the nature of the terrain in the responsibility zone of the GSVM. However, each of these brigades had at least three "jumping" reconnaissance and airborne companies (one per battalion), and each brigade also had its own separate helicopter squadron. Most likely, when creating these brigades, the General Staff tried to find the optimal organization of special forces units that were to operate in the mountainous desert area. As a result, the 20th and 25th separate reconnaissance brigades were formed. There were no similar formations in the Soviet Army anywhere else. In 1988, these brigades were reorganized into separate mechanized brigades (with the preservation of numbers), and with the collapse of the USSR, after the withdrawal of troops from Mongolia, they were disbanded. It is likely that these brigades closed on the GRU, although they were not GRU Special Forces units.

OShS ORBR (separate reconnaissance brigade):
Three ORBs
o Commander, headquarters, command
o Communications platoon on APC
o Reconnaissance Platoon, 3 BRM
o Two reconnaissance companies on the BMP (10 BMP-1 each), the squad looked like this: commander, gunner-operator, driver, grenade launcher, machine gunner. There were no shooters at all, just as likely there were no full staff.
o Tank company (10 T-62)
o Mortar Battery
 OV (3 units of 82-mm AM "Vasilek")
 OV (*2) 120mm mortars
 Then they were replaced by two platoons of 120-mm SAO "NONA" - 3 units each.
o WMO
o MPB (?)
ADN (howitzers and Grad)
Air Defense Division
Separate companies
o Connections
o Isr
o Rxs
o Orr on BRDM
o Commandant's
OVE (20 Mi-24, 1 Mi-2)

In 1973, the first graduation of the Central Advanced Courses for Intelligence Officers took place.

From the mid-1970s, the General Staff found an opportunity to deploy brigades, increasing the number of personnel in them. As a result of this decision, it was possible to complete the detachments of brigades by 60-80 percent. From this period, special forces brigades became combat-ready and were no longer considered only as a partisan reserve, but also to find reserves for the formation of two more brigades:
The 22nd Special Purpose Brigade was formed on July 24, 1976 in the Central Asian Military District in the city of Kapchagay on the basis of one of the detachments of the 15th Brigade and part of the special radio communications detachment. Until 1985, the brigade was in Kapchagai, later changed its location several times and is currently located in the area of ​​​​the city of Aksai, Rostov Region (military unit 11659);
The 24th Special Purpose Brigade was formed in the Trans-Baikal Military District on November 1, 1977 on the basis of the 18th Special Forces and was initially deployed at the Olovyannaya station, Chita Region, then in 1987 it was transferred to the settlement. Kyakhta, and in 2002 was transferred to Ulan-Ude (military unit 55433).

In 1977, a group was created at the intelligence department of the Military Academy of M.V. Frunze to train special-purpose intelligence officers. In the Ryazan VVDKU - a company (then a battalion) for the training of officers of the Special Forces.
Later (1984) in the USSR there were 14 Special Forces brigades, a training regiment (Pechory) and a number of separate Special Forces companies.

According to the state, special forces that are part of the brigades stationed on the territory of the USSR included:
three special-purpose companies (42 people each)
In total, the detachment consisted of 164 people.

The special forces that were part of the 3rd Guards ObrSpN had the following staff:
Detachment management (6 people)
three special-purpose companies (58 people each)
company of special radio communications (32 people)
In total, these detachments had 212 personnel each.

A separate army special-purpose company had at different times in the state from 115 to 127 people.

In 1978, according to the directive of the General Staff of January 18, the Maryinogorsk brigade was transferred to a new state and received the name FIFTH SEPARATE SPECIAL PURPOSE Brigade.

By 1979, the special forces consisted of 14 brigades of district subordination (mostly incomplete) and about 30 separate companies in the armies and groups of troops.

Starting from 1980, separate special forces units were formed in the USSR, which were nominally subordinate to brigade commanders, and during the threatened period were transferred to the operational subordination of associations located in separate operational areas. In each brigade, therefore, one or two separate detachments were formed. A new wave of formation in the armies and groups of troops of separate special-purpose companies also took place. For example, in 1980, the 892nd Special Forces was formed in the Trans-Baikal Military District, which was transferred to the 39th Army of the Group Soviet troops in Mongolia, and deployed in Mandal-Gobi, and in 1982, the 670th ORSpN was formed in the Central Group of Forces, which was deployed in the settlement. Bogdanech, in the district of the city of Pardubice.

On December 25, 1979, the newly formed 40th combined arms army of Lieutenant General Yu.V. Tukharinov entered Afghanistan, having 4 divisions, 5 separate brigades, 4 individual regiment, a mixed air corps, a pipeline brigade and a material support brigade.

The directive of the head of the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff, General of the Army Ivashutin, dated May 2, 1979: "to form on the basis of the 15th detachment of Special Forces Turk VO (Chirchik) 154 a separate special forces detachment (OOSpN)".

154th separate detachment of the Special Forces ("Muslim battalion") May - December 1979:
management
headquarters
four companies (in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd companies, 6 groups each):
o 1st company: 13 (according to other sources 5 units) BMP-1, st.l-t Sharipov (+ translator, cadet of the All-Union Institute of Foreign Languages) - 120 people.
o 2nd company: BTR-60PB (+ translator, cadet of the All-Union Institute of Foreign Languages)
o 3rd company: BTR-60PB (+ translator, cadet of the All-Union Institute of Foreign Languages)
o 4th armament company (+ translator, cadet of the Institute of Foreign Languages):
 Grenade launcher platoon (6 AGS-17)
 Flamethrower platoon (RPO “Lynx”)
 Sapper Platoon.
separate platoons:
o anti-aircraft platoon (4 ZSU "Shilka", senior lieutenant Pautov Vasily (the only Russian))
o communications platoon,
o automobile platoon (UAZ, GAZ-66)
o logistics platoon.
o MPB (AP-66)

Total: 520 people (including 60 (?) officers), ethnic composition: Tajiks, Uzbeks, Turkmens. Only two calls - six months and a year.

In mid-June, 154 ooSpN was formed. K-r detachment– Mr. Khalbaev Kh.

On November 19/20, 1979, a detachment was deployed by VTA aircraft to the city of Bagram (l / s - AN-12, heavy equipment - AN-22)

On 12/13/79, the detachment was given the task of arriving under its own power in the city of Kabul, the district of Dar-ul-Aman to strengthen the protection of the Taj-Bek Palace.

On 12/17/79 in the morning the detachment began to move to Kabul. By the evening of the same day, the detachment was located in the Dar-ul-Aman area.

12/27/79 participation of the detachment in the operation "Storm-333"
Losses:
Killed - 5 people
Injured: 35 people
Of these: hard - 12 people
easy - 23 people

01/02/80 l / s of the detachment was transferred by BTA aircraft to Tashkent for placement in Chirchik)

Back in December 1979, in Chirchik, on the basis of the same 15th brigade under the leadership of A.P. Beregovoy, the 459th separate special-purpose company of 112 people was formed for the 40th Army. Captain Latypov Rafis Rafakovich was appointed company commander, Viktor Boev was appointed his deputy, Sergey Mikhalkov was appointed political officer, Grigory Ivanov, Evgeny Tishin, Vladimir Somov and Mikhail Lukomsky were commanders of groups, and Shalamov led the communications group. The company included 4 Special Forces groups and a communications group (in December 1980, armored vehicles appeared - 10 BMP-2). In February 1980, the company was introduced into Afghanistan and deployed in Kabul until August 15, 1988, after which it was withdrawn to Samarkand ( Uzbek SSR).

As a result of the successful assault on Amin's palace, the work of the 459th separate company of the 40th Army, and in view of the prospect of a significant complication of the situation in Afghanistan, on January 7, 1980, the head of the GRU, General Ivashutin, suggested that the chief of the General Staff consider the formation of the bases of the Transcaucasian and Central Asian military districts to March 1, 1980 "to carry out special tasks in crisis situations on the territory of Afghanistan" one more "special detachment" of 677 people each.
It was planned to immediately introduce the 154th and two new detachments into Afghanistan and use them to fight the opponents of the existing regime during "special measures", namely the elimination of the heads of anti-government groups, operations to seize caravans and weapons depots.
In March 1980, the 154th ooSpN was understaffed and again introduced into Afghanistan. The place of permanent deployment of the 154th detachment is the settlement of Aibak in the province of Samangan. The detachment was also armed with BTR-60pb and BMP-1. Major Stoderevsky Igor Yuryevich was appointed commander of the detachment. From the first days of their stay in the DRA, the task of the detachment was to protect the fuel pipeline that ran from the border with the USSR to Puli-Khumri.
In January 1980, in the Central Asian military district in Kapchagai, the 177th separate special forces detachment of the same composition as the 154th was formed by the forces and funds of the 22nd Special Forces.
By February 29, 1980, in the Transcaucasian Military District in Lagodekhi, the 173rd ooSpN was formed on the basis of the 12th brig. Major Kerimbaev Boris Tukenovich is appointed commander of the detachment.
Both new detachments are mainly staffed by people from the Central Asian and Transcaucasian republics.
The composition of the 173rd (12 obrSpN), 177th (22 obrSpN) ooSpN, in March 1980, during the formation was as follows (the 154th ooSpN (15th obrSpN) was transferred to the same state):
Squad management
Headquarters
separate communication group
anti-aircraft artillery group (four "Shilka")
1st reconnaissance company on BMP-1 (9 BMP-1 and 1 BRM-1K, 85 people)
2nd reconnaissance company on BMP-1 (9 BMP-1 and 1 BRM-1K, 85 people)
3rd Airborne Reconnaissance Company on BMD-1 (10 BMD-1)
4th grenade launcher company AGS-17 (three fire platoons of three squads - 18 AGS-17, 10 BTR-70)
5th engineering flamethrower company - a company of special weapons (flamethrower group RPO "Lynx", mining group on the BTR-70)
6 company - transport and support

The number (by state) is 500 people (50 officers, 37 warrant officers, 413 soldiers and sergeants), about 50 armored vehicles, 4 Shilka, 18 AGS-17 automatic grenade launchers and 18 Lynx flamethrowers.

Each of the combat (1-3) companies, in addition to the commander, political officer, deputy technical officer, senior mechanic, BRM gunner, foreman and clerk, included three special forces groups. The group was headed by a commander, a regular category - a captain, he was assisted by a deputy, a regular category - an ensign. Subsequently, sergeants were appointed as deputy group commanders. military service. The group consisted of three squads (8 people each), each of which consisted of a squad leader, a senior reconnaissance officer, a driver, a gunner-operator, a sniper, a reconnaissance medic and two machine gunners.
Assumption: the staff also included a medical center.

In October 1981, the 177th detachment entered Afghanistan only a year and a half after the introduction of the first detachment. The locality of Maymen in the province of Faryab was initially chosen as the place of deployment.

In 1983 there is a state change:
3rd company received BMP-1 instead of BMD-1
4th and 5th companies received BTR-70

At the end of 1983/beginning of 1984, a plan appeared to create the so-called "border zone" "VEIL", along the Jalalabad - Ghazni - Kandahar line. With the help of this border zone, the command of the 40th Army planned to block about 200 caravan routes along which the rebels carried weapons and ammunition from Pakistan. To implement this plan, the number of special forces in Afghanistan was not enough - there was a need for at least one more special forces detachment.
In the winter of 1984, the 177th ooSpN was transferred to Ghazni, after which the detachment no longer changed its location. In Ghazni, young officers are joining the detachment - graduates of the RVVDKU and intelligence faculties of combined arms schools. The combat effectiveness of the detachment with the arrival of trained special forces officers increased significantly.
In 1984, the 154th oSpN was transferred to Jalalabad to conduct combat operations corresponding to the implementation of the "VEIL" plan.

The 173rd ooSpN was sent to Afghanistan, where it entered on February 10, 1984. The city of Kandahar in the south of Afghanistan was determined as the place of its deployment. The detachment received the name "3rd separate motorized rifle battalion" and the zone of responsibility "YUG".
In May 1984, having gained some combat experience, the structure of the 173rd ooSpN was reorganized:
An additional 3 BMP-2s were delivered to the 1st company, subsequently the BMP-2s completely replaced the BMP-1s.
The 2nd and 3rd companies were transferred from the BTR-60pb to the more unpretentious BTR-70.
The 4th and 5th companies were disbanded.
From the released personnel in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd companies, the 4th weapon groups were formed.
Mining group became separate
In special-purpose companies, the position of deputy group commander - warrant officer was abolished, this duty began to be performed by conscript sergeants (Squad Commander - 1).
In the companies, the position of a company translator with the regular category "senior lieutenant" was introduced.
In the summer of 1984, the composition and deployment of special forces in Afghanistan was as follows:
459th Special Forces (about 80 people) - Kabul;
154th ooSpN Mr. Portnyagin V.P. (about 450 people) (1st OMSB) - Jalalabad;
177th ooSpN Mr. Kastykpaev B.M. (about 450 people) (2nd OMSB) - Ghazni;
173rd ooSpN Mr. Rudykh G.L. (about 450 people) (3rd OMSB) - Kandahar.

The total number of personnel of the group of special forces of the GRU General Staff in Afghanistan was about 1,400 people.

Later, on August 5, 1985, the following changes were made in the staff of ooSpN in OKSVA:
an engineering platoon was introduced.
The 4th company was deployed on the basis of AI and a mining group.

At the end of 1984, the General Staff decides to send several more special forces to Afghanistan. Since the number of detachments for the intelligence department of the 40th Army exceeded all conceivable limits, it was also decided to introduce brigade headquarters into Afghanistan.

In the special forces brigades on the territory of the USSR, they began to form separate detachments specifically for Afghanistan. In total, five such units were formed:
in Olovyannaya (Transbaikalia) in 1984, on the basis of the 24th detachment of Special Forces, the 281st separate special forces detachment was formed, the detachment was not sent to Afghanistan;
in Khabarovsk in 1982, on the basis of the 14th detachment of Special Forces, the 282nd separate special forces detachment was formed, the detachment was not sent to Afghanistan;
in Maryina Gorka (Belarus), at the beginning of 1985, on the basis of the 5th brig. Special Forces, the 334th ooSpN was formed, the commander of which was Major Terentyev. In March, the detachment was sent to the DRA and became part of the 15th brigade;
in Izyaslav (Ukraine), on the basis of the 8th brig. Special Forces, in February 1985, the 186th ooSpN was formed, the commander of which was appointed Lieutenant Colonel K.K. Fedorov. The detachment was transferred to the 40th Army on March 31, 1985 and organizationally became part of the 22nd Brigade. The place of deployment of the detachment was the settlement of Shahdzhoy.
in Chuchkovo, on the basis of the 16th detachment of special forces of the Moscow Military District, the 370th special forces unit was formed, the commander of which was Major I.M. Krot, the detachment became part of the 22nd brigade.

All five detachments were formed according to a special "Afghan" staff, according to which the detachment had 538 personnel (18 officers and 32 warrant officers).

In both brigades of the Special Forces, the detachments included (staff from 1985 and later):
detachment management
o Secretary
o The special officer was not part of the staff of the detachment, was seconded to him
1st reconnaissance company on BMP-2, 4 groups,
o 1st, 2nd, 3rd reconnaissance groups (see below)
o 4th group of weapons (see below)
2nd reconnaissance company on the BTR-70, 4 groups,
3rd reconnaissance company on the BTR-70, 4 groups,
4th company SpM:
o mining group
o engineer platoon
5th - RMO,
o car platoon
o WMO
o repair and evacuation department
Communication group
Anti-aircraft artillery group
Medical Center:
1 head of the OMP - head of the medical service of the detachment - captain
2 surgeon - senior lieutenant
3 anesthesiologist - senior lieutenant
4 head of pharmacy - paramedic
5 senior medical instructor
6 ambulance driver
7 ambulance driver
AP-66 and "tablet"

In service:
BMP-2 (11 BMP+1BRM-1k) + 2 BMP-1K/KSh
ZSU-23-4 "Shilka": 4
BTR-60PB - KShMU: 2
BRM-1: 1
AGS-17: 18
RPO "Bumblebee": 9
RPG-7: 21
GP-25: 27

The staff structure of the special forces group:
No. Position Staff category
1 Team Leader Capt.
2 Squad Leader Sergeant
3 Senior reconnaissance machine gunner Corporal
4 Reconnaissance machine gunner Private
5 Scout Private
6 Scout-orderly Private
7 Scout Sniper Private
8 Senior driver (BTR) / senior driver (BMP) Corporal
9 Squad Leader Sergeant
10 Senior reconnaissance machine gunner Corporal
11 Scout-machine gunner Private
12 Scout Private
13 Scout-orderly Private
14 Driver (APC) / Driver-mechanic (BMP) Private
15 Squad Leader Sergeant
16 Senior reconnaissance machine gunner Corporal
17 Reconnaissance machine gunner Private
18 Scout Private
19 Scout-orderly Private
20 Driver (APC) / Driver-mechanic (BMP) Private

Notes on the composition of SPN groups:
Presumably, until 1984, there were 2 machine gunners (PK and RPKS) in the department of the group. Later left alone (PC).
The scout-orderly was one per group (but according to the above structure, one per squad)
According to some reports, the position of an intelligence officer (or senior intelligence officer) was reduced in the staff of the group - but it was not reduced for 1986-1987.

Weapon group (4th group):

23 people, 3 armored personnel carriers / infantry fighting vehicles, 6 AGS, 3 RPO (total in the RPO detachment - 9 pieces.)
According to other sources, the staff of the 4 groups included AGS-17 crews, NSV "Utes" crews, RPO crews, and ATGM crews, and sometimes RPG - 16.

By the summer of 1985, the grouping of special-purpose units of the GRU General Staff in Afghanistan included seven separate special-purpose detachments, a separate special-purpose company, two special radio communications detachments and two headquarters of special-purpose brigades, one detachment was under formation:
Directorate of the 15th ObrSpN (1st Omsbr) p.p. 71351 Jalalabad
o Special Department of the KGB of the USSR
o Commandant's company
o OSRS Jalalabad
o 154th ooSpN (1st omsb) p.p. 35651 Jalalabad Dr. Dementiev A.M;
o 334th ooSpN (5th Omsb) p.p. 83506 Asadabad Mr. Bykov G.V;
o 177th ooSpN (2nd omsb) p.p. 43151 Ghazni Mr. Popovich A.M.;
o 668th ooSpN (4th Omsb) p.p. 44653 Soufla in the Baraki-Barak area p / p-k Ryzhik M.I.
o automobile company
o RMO
Directorate of the 22nd ObrSpN (2nd Omsbr) p.p. 71521 Lashkargah
o Special Department of the KGB of the USSR
o Commandant's company
o campaign squad
o CRS Lashkargah
o 173rd ooSpN (3rd Omsb) p.p. 96044 Kandahar Mr. Mursalov T.Ya;
o 370th ooSpN (6th Omsb) p.p. 83428 Lashkargah Mr. Mole I.M;
o 186th oSpN (7th Omsb) p.p. 54783 Shahdzhoy, Mr. Likhidchenko A.I;
o 411th oSpN (8th Omsb) p.p. 41527 Farahrud - was in the process of formation.
o space communications group (since May 25, 1985)
o automobile company
o RMO
459th OrSpN p.p. 44633 (RU 40th OA) Kabul
897th ORRSA (reconnaissance and signaling equipment) p.p. 34777 (RU 40th OA) Kabul (Departments of the company were attached to special forces)

Each brigade was assigned a mixed squadron of army aviation helicopter regiments (4 Mi-24s and Mi-8s each based near the 335th OVP (Jalalabad), 280th OVP (Kandahar), 262nd OVE (Bagram). SPN companies were attracted by the 2nd and 3rd VE of the 50th OSAP (Kabul)). Later, separate helicopter squadrons (ove) were introduced into the state: in the 22nd brigade - the 205th ove (Lashkargah - from 12.1985), in the 15th brigade - the 239th ove (Ghazni, from 1.1986). Each OVE consisted of four detachments and deployed 16 Mi-8s and 16 Mi-24s. The Jalalabad special forces provided the 335th OFP.

The management of each company included the position of an interpreter, and the management of the brigade as part of the intelligence department included 3 positions of senior translators. Usually these positions were filled by Tajik two-year students and graduates of the accelerated course of the Military Institute.
To carry out combat missions, the Special Forces units allocated reconnaissance groups (a Special Forces group reinforced with sappers, a radio operator, 1-2 Shmel flamethrowers and 1-2 AGS-17 crews), reconnaissance detachments (1-2 reinforced companies) and inspection groups - DGR.
The composition of the inspection group usually included 15-20 people (reinforced by 1-2 AGS-17 crews, grenade launchers) and moved on two Mi-8 helicopters, under the cover of one or two pairs of Mi-24 combat helicopters:

The headquarters of the 22nd Special Forces and all four detachments were withdrawn from Afghanistan in August 1988. The headquarters of the 22nd Special Forces and two detachments (173rd and 411th) were withdrawn to the settlement. Perekishkul of the Azerbaijan SSR. The 370th ooSpN was withdrawn to the city of Chuchkovo as part of the 16th Special Forces of the Moscow Military District. The 186th ooSpN was withdrawn to the city of Izyaslav as part of the 8th detachment of Special Forces of the Carpathian military district.
The headquarters of the 15th special forces brigade and two detachments (334th and 154th) were withdrawn from the DRA in April-May 1988 in Maryina Gorka and Chirchik, respectively. Two other detachments (668th and 177th) were transferred to Kabul and were withdrawn from Afghanistan only in February 1989 to Kirovograd and Prezhits, respectively.

In 1984, in the Siberian Military District, on the basis of the 791st Special Forces Special Forces of the 41st Army, the 67th Special Forces Brigade was formed, which is deployed in the city of Berdsk, Novosibirsk Region (military unit 64655).

After the deployment of the 15th and 22nd brigades in the DRA, the need arose for targeted specific training of personnel for these brigades (whose numbers were many times greater than the number of all brigades in the Union combined) and the 459th separate company of the Special Forces in Kabul (then moved to Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan, currently (2007) the company has been reorganized into a separate detachment of Special Forces). Since 1985, the 467th separate training regiment of the Special Forces in Chirchik has successfully coped with this task. The regiment consisted of training battalions and support units (formed on the basis of the 15th brigade that had gone to the DRA).
At the beginning of 1987, in the special forces brigades stationed on the territory of the USSR, the formation of several separate detachments began to be sent to Afghanistan to reinforce existing units. It was planned to launch an even larger-scale counterguerrilla war in the DRA, but the line of the top leadership went against the plans of the General Staff - there were prerequisites for the withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan, and therefore the introduction of additional detachments into Afghanistan did not take place.

At the end of 1991 (the moment of the collapse of the USSR), the brigades were in the following districts (groups of troops), if the year is not indicated, then this is the wave of formation of 1962-63:
GSVG (3rd Separate Guards Warsaw-Berlin Red Banner Order of Suvorov III Art. BrSpN) - sf. In 1966, at the funds of the 26th Special Forces in the Werder garrison with the participation of personnel of the 27th Specialized Special Forces of the SGV, the 48th and 166th Orb.
o Bred in 1992 in the village of Roshinsky, Chernorechye (region of Samara)
Leningrad Military District (2nd ObrSpN), - sf. in the city of Pskov in the period from September 17, 1962 to March 1, 1963, checkpoint of the settlement of Cherekhi, Pskov region.
o In 1985-89, the 177th OoSpN, formed in the 2nd ObrSpN, as part of the 15 ObrSpN, took part in the hostilities in Afghanistan. Location - Ghazni.
o Since 1999, the 2nd Special Forces Special Forces has been taking part in hostilities in the North Caucasus.
The Baltic Military District (4th ObrSpN), formed in 1962 in Riga, then in Viljandi (Estonia); Disbanded October 1, 1992.
Belarusian Military District (5th ObrSpN) - the city of Maryina Gorka (Minsk region), went to the Republic of Belarus.
o On the basis of the 5th Special Forces, the 334th Special Forces was formed, stationed in Asadabad, RA.
Carpathian Military District (8th ObrSpN) - Mr. Izyaslav, went to Ukraine.
Kiev Military District (9th ObrSpN) - Kirovograd, went to Ukraine.
Odessa Military District (10th ObrSpN) - Stary Krym, went to Ukraine.
Transcaucasian Military District (12th ObrSpN) - Lagodekhi, sf. In 1962,
o On the basis of the 12th ObrSpN, the 173rd OoSpN was formed, which took part in the war in Afghanistan (deployment of Kandahar) as part of the 22nd ObrSpN.
o In 1988-89, three detachments of the Special Forces participated in the restoration of constitutional order in the city of Zakatala (Azerbaijan) and the city of Tbilisi (Georgia).
o In 1991 - Nagorno-Karabakh and South Ossetia.
o On September 3, 1992, the brigade became part of the Ural Military District - withdrawn to the city of Asbest (PurVO, Sverdlovsk Region).
o In 1995, the 33rd ooSpN entered Chechnya.
Moscow Military District (16th ObrSpN) - SF January 1, 1963, Chuchkovo village, Ryazan Region, Moscow Military District; since 2004 PPD - Tambov.
o In 1972, the brigade carried out a government task to eliminate fires in the Moscow, Ryazan, Vladimir and Gorky regions.
o From 1985 to 1988, the 370th ooSpN of the 16th detachment of Special Forces carried out international duty in the RA.
o In 1992, the 370th ooSpN and the 669th ooSpN in the amount of 402 people performed tasks to strengthen the protection and defense of military and government facilities in the Republic of Tajikistan.
o In 1995, two combined detachments carried out combat missions in Chechnya.
o In 1999, the 664th ooSpN in the amount of 250 people was introduced into the temporary operational group of Russian troops in the North Caucasus.
Turkestan Military District (15th ObrSpN), sf. January 1, 1963 (Chirchik, Uzbekistan), withdrew in 1994 to the Republic of Uzbekistan.
o From the first days, in addition to combat training, the brigade took part in events related to emergencies –
 earthquake in Tashkent, 1966
 cholera epidemic in the Astrakhan region in 1970
 smallpox epidemic in Aralsk in 1971, etc.
o The 154th oSpN of the 15th brigade completed a particularly secret mission to storm Amin's palace in Kabul in 1979.
o In 1985, the brigade headquarters was relocated to the territory of Afghanistan in the city of Jalalabad (Nakgahar province). Separate detachments of the brigade were stationed in Afghanistan in Jalalabad (154th), Baraki (668th), Asadabad (334th) and Ghazni (177th).
o On February 15, 1989, the last units of the brigade were withdrawn from Afghanistan.
o In 1994, the brigade was transferred to the troops of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Central Asian Military District (22nd ObrSpN) - since April 2001 - guards, sf. July 24, 1976: Deployment / actions:
o 1976-1985 - Kapchagay (Kazakhstan)
o In 1983, separate units of the brigade are in Cuba.
o 1985-1988 - Afghanistan (Kandahar 173rd ooSpN, Lashkargah brigade headquarters and 370th ooSpN, settlement Shahjoy 186th ooSpn, settlement Farahrud 411th ooSpN)
o 1988-1992 - Perekishkul (Azerbaijan). Brigade units were involved in maintaining law and order in Azerbaijan, North Ossetia (Alania) and Ingushetia.
o In 1989, separate units of the brigade are in Angola.
o since 1992 - settlement. Kovalevka, Aksai district, Rostov region
o From December 1, 1994 to October 13, 1996, the task force of the brigade, consisting of 173 Special Forces and reinforcement units, ensured the restoration of constitutional order in the Chechen Republic.
o Even before the start of active operations in early 1998, the 411th separate special forces detachment left for Kaspiysk from the 22nd Special Forces. A few months later, he was replaced by the 173rd ooSpN. They changed each other until August 1999.
o With the outbreak of hostilities (2nd Chechen), the special forces provided the troops with intelligence, revealing the fortifications and positions of the militants. First of all, these tasks were solved by the 411th (aka 8th) ooSpN, as well as the company of the 173rd (aka 3rd) ooSpN.
Siberian Military District (67th ObrSpN) - sf. 1984, on the basis of the 791st Ordnance Special Forces of the Siberian Military District; Berdsk (Novosibirsk region). As part of the brigade, 2 separate detachments were also formed.
Trans-Baikal Military District (24th ObrSpN) - SF on November 1, 1977 on the basis of the 18th OrdnSpN, town. Kyakhta (district of Ulan-Ude), ZabVO
Far Eastern Military District (14th ObrSpN) - sf. December 1, 1963
o The military personnel of the brigade participated in the hostilities in the Republic of Afghanistan as part of the 334th obrSpN (formed on the basis of the 5th obrSpN and l / s of the 2nd, 14th, 9th and 22nd obrSpN), deployment - Asadabad.
o From January to April 1995, the combined detachment of the Special Forces took part in the battles in Chechnya.
o At the end of 1999, a combined detachment of Special Forces was sent to Chechnya to carry out a government assignment.
o In 1998, the unit of the 14th detachment was located in Alaska (USA).

In addition, there are special forces in the Navy (see another file). Separate special forces companies were created in separate armies.
The combat composition of the forces of the Special Forces of the GSVG (as well as the 3rd Guards ObrSpN - Neu-Timmen) - before the withdrawal in 1990:
602nd Special Forces - Dresden, 1st Guards TA
527th Special Forces - Mr. Ravensbrück, in September 1985 was relocated to Stendal, 2 Guards TA
792nd Special Forces - Mr. Kohstedt, 3 (Shock) OA
794th Special Forces - Mr. Nora, 8 Guards OA
793rd Special Forces - Prenzlau, since 1989 relocated to Britz, 20 Guards OA

The staff structure of the brigades was the same, the tasks were based on the theater of operations. Each detachment studied its section of the theater of operations. Each group has its own object. Therefore, it is natural that exactly 15 and 22 Special Forces brigades ended up in Afghanistan. Each ram then carried its own eggs. The units were subordinate to the Command of the 40th OA, which, in turn, was operationally subordinate to the Turk VO. And no consolidated detachments from districts and fleets for you. Whose direction is the one who fights. This was the "secret" of success in the war in Afghanistan.

OShS of Spetsnaz structures at the end of the 1980s, the beginning of the 1990s:

792nd company of Special Forces in the GSVG (late 80s):
reconnaissance platoon (*4) - 14 people
o squad (*2) of 6 people = sergeant + 5 reconnaissance soldiers.
communications platoon
economic platoon.
In total, there are approximately 110 people in the company.

The 173rd OOSpN in August 1988, after being withdrawn from the DRA (equipment and part of the weapons were handed over to warehouses, the organizational structure was brought to the All-Union):
Control
Headquarters
SPN company* 3
communications company
mining group
autoplatoon
logistics platoon
repair department

The structure of the obrSpN before the collapse of the union (10th obrSpN):
The brigade included:
Headquarters
o GVA
reconnaissance battalion (*3):
o reconnaissance company (*3)
 reconnaissance platoon (*4) - 9 people each + HF
 department (*3) - 3 people each
o communications company
communications battalion,
mining company
Platoon of special weapons - VSO (was armed with ATGMs)
authorota
RMO

On the way out or another training or combat mission, 2 signalmen from a communications company and a platoon commander were included - a group was obtained, that is, each platoon was the basis for the formation of a group.
It is easy to calculate that in total the battalion could put up 12 groups, and the brigade 36 (if there were 3 battalions).
According to the combat schedule, each reconnaissance platoon had: a sniper (SVD), a grenade launcher (RPG-7D), a radio miner, a machine gunner (PKM), one fighter with the AKS-74N (with NSPU), one fighter with the AKMS Lavr, all the rest with AKC.

The structure of the obrSpN after the collapse of the union in 1992 (9th obrSpN):
2 reconnaissance batteries, each:
o 3 reconnaissance companies
o 1 communications company (reconnaissance radio operators)
Signal Battalion
mining company
Platoon of special weapons (was armed with ATGMs)
RMO:
o logistics platoon,
o airborne support platoon,
o car platoon

A note on the number of personnel in the divisions of special forces companies (and this also affected the number of personnel in reconnaissance groups:
In OKSVA (Afghanistan): 5-8 people
In groups of troops: 4 people
On the territory of the country: 3 people

In 1991, special-purpose units and formations (as well as an orbr) of the GRU General Staff consisted of brigades (All special-purpose brigades, airborne assault, motorized rifle, had a single numbering.), separate detachments, training regiments, separate companies and naval reconnaissance points (in Navy):
Separate Special Forces Brigades (incl. Orbr):
2nd ObrSpN military unit 64044 (700th, 177th and 70th OoSpN) LenVO, Promezhitsy, Cherekha, Kitsa Murmansk region.
3rd Guards ObrSpN military unit 83149 (501st, 503rd, 509th, 510th, 512th ooSpN) GSVG, Furstenberg, Neu-Timmen - withdrawn in 1992 to the area of ​​Samara (Chernorechye)
4th ObrSpN military unit 77034 (330th OoSpN) PribVO, Viljandi - disbanded in October 1992
5th ObrSpN of military unit 89417 (334th OoSpN) BelVO, Maryina Gorka - withdrew to Belarus.
8th ObrSpN military unit 65554 (186th OoSpN) PrikVO, Izyaslav - moved to Ukraine
9th ObrSpN military unit 83483 (296th and 668th OoSpN) KVO, Kirovograd - went to Ukraine
10th ObrSpN military unit 65564 (325th OoSpN) OdVO, town Stary Krym, Feodosia - went to Ukraine
12th ObrSpN of military unit 64406 (374th and 33rd OoSpN) ZakVO, Lagodekhi, Georgia - withdrawn to Asbest (PrUVO - Sverdlovsk region)
14th ObrSpN military unit 74854 (282nd and 294th OoSpN) FEB, Ussuriysk, Khabarovsk, Belogorsk
15th ObrSpN military unit 64411 (154th OoSpN) TurkVO, Azadbash, Chirchik - withdrew in 1994 to the Republic of Uzbekistan
16th ObrSpN military unit 54607 (370th and 379th OoSpN) Moscow Military District, Chuchkovo
20th brigade of military unit 61384 (526th, 542nd orb and other units) GSVM, Arvai-Khere, Shevi-Gobi (by this time already as a mechanized brigade of the 48th army corps rapid response) is not Special Forces, but the GRU.
22nd ObrSpN of military unit 11659 (173rd and 411th OoSpN) ZakVO, Perekeshkul, Azerbaijan
24th ObrSpN military unit 55433 (281st OoSpN) ZabVO, Olovyannaya, Kyakhta
The 25th orb (545th orb and other units) of the GSVM, Choibalsan (by this time already as a mechanized brigade of the 48th army rapid reaction corps) is not a Special Forces, but the GRU.
67th ObrSpN military unit 64655 (690th and 691st OoSpN) Siberian Military District, Berdsk
Training regiments of Special Forces:
1071st training regiment of the Special Forces of the military unit 51064 Pechory Pskov - disbanded in 1992
467th training regiment of Special Forces military unit 71201 Chirchik

Individual Companies of Special Forces (in italic type addition):
18th Special Forces of the 36th OA, Siberian Military District, Borzya (1950-1999)
20th Special Forces, LenVO (1950 - ?) - army
26th Special Forces of the 2nd Guards Mechanized Army of the Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany (Fürstenberg), deployed in 1957 to the 26th Separate Special Forces Battalion;
The 27th Special Forces Special Forces in the Northern Group of Forces (Poland, Strzegom), in 1957, was deployed to the 27th Separate Special Forces Battalion, also on the basis of the 92nd Special Forces;
36th Special Forces of the 13th Combined Arms Army of the PrikVO (Khmelnitsky), in 1957 deployed to the 36th Separate Special Forces Battalion;
43rd Special Forces of the 7th Guards Army of the Transcaucasian Military District (Lagodekhi), in 1957 deployed to the 43rd Separate Special Forces Battalion ;;
61st Special Forces (5 OA, Far Eastern Military District, in 1956 relocated to SAVO, Kazandzhik) - 1st wave, in 1957 deployed to the 61st separate battalion of Special Forces;
69th OrdnSpN 2 Guards. MA, GSVG, 1st wave
74th ORSpN UrVO, 1st wave
75th Special Forces, military unit 61272, YuGV, Nyiregyhaza, Hungary - withdrawn to the city of Asbest, where it was merged with the brigade, at the time of formation (October 1950) in the White Sea Military District (OrSpN of the 1st wave). In 1991 she became part of the 11th Guards Army (Kaliningrad region). In 1998, together with the remnants of the liquidated 11th Army, the company joined the Ground and Coastal Forces of the Baltic Fleet - into the created grouping of the Kaliningrad Special Region (KOR). For 2006 in the city of Chernyakhovsk, Kaliningrad region.
76th OrdnSpN, LenVO (1950 - ?) - district
77th ORSpN 8th TA, PrikVO, Zhitomir, 1st wave, originally Kaliningrad, PribVO.
78th Special Forces of the 32nd Army Corps, OdVO, Simferopol, 1st wave
92nd Special Forces (25 OA, Far Eastern Military District, then to the SGV, Shekon) - 1st wave. In 1957, the relocation of the company to the Northern Group of Forces - Shekon, Poland. In the same 1957, the deployment of the 27th separate battalion of the Special Forces on the basis of the company.
99th Ordnance Department of the ArchVO, Arkhangelsk (1950-1953)
124th Special Forces SAVO, Kapchagay
200th OR Special Forces, Siberian Military District
227th Special Forces, North Caucasus Military District (1951 - 1953)
344th ORSpN 5th OA, Far Eastern Military District, Ussuriysk - by 1998 was gone
459th OrdnSpN 40th OA, TurkVO, Samarkand - went to Uzbekistan
462nd OrdnSpN of the 30th Guards Army Corps, LenVO, Vyborg - cadred in 2000
525th Special Forces SAVO, Kyrgyzstan - withdrew to Kyrgyzstan, was deployed and reorganized into a separate detachment.
The 527th Special Forces, military unit 21734, the 2nd Guards TA, GSVG, Ravensbrück, Stendal, was withdrawn to Borisov.
571st Special Forces, military unit 71605, 25th Army Corps, Far Eastern Military District, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
584th Special Forces, which was part of the 205th Motorized Rifle Brigade (formed in its composition since 1996), Vladikavkaz, but it must be taken into account that at the beginning it was a brigade with an experienced OShS (for example, it included two OMSPs - 204 and 206, 1398 orb and other units that did not correspond to the status of an ordinary brigade. When they were convinced that such an OShS was too cumbersome for local conflicts, the brigade was brought to the usual state). Exists.
602nd OrSpN military unit 33811, 1st Guards TA, GSVG, Dresden
670th Ordnance Department of the Central Group of Forces, Bogdanech, Pardubice, withdrawn in the city of Nizhny Novgorod, disbanded.
771st Special Forces, military unit 71601, 43rd Army Corps, Far Eastern Military District, Taiga
775th Special Forces (?)
779th Special Forces, military unit 39826, 7th OA, ZakVO, Yerevan (Charbakh settlement) - sometimes erroneously referred to as the 797th - was disbanded in the early 90s. .
791st OrdnSpN 41st OA, Siberian Military District, Novosibirsk
792nd Special Forces, military unit 51953, 3rd OA, GSVG, Kochstedt
793rd Special Forces, military unit 71602, 20th Guards OA, GSVG, Eberswalde-Finov, withdrawn to Voronezh - curtailed in 2006 (presumably around 1996)
794th OrdnSpN military unit 30229, 8th Guards OA, GSVG, Nora
800th Special Forces, military unit 22510, 4th OA, ZakVO, Baku - then 67 AK SKVO, disbanded in the mid-90s (after Chechnya)
805th ORSpN 6th OA, LenVO, Petrozavodsk (for 1991)
806th OR Special Forces 1st OA (former 1st Guards TA, Moscow Military District - 90s) - Petrozavodsk (for 1993/95 exactly); in the mid-90s - Smolensk - curtailed in 2006 (presumably around 1996)
807th OR of the Special Forces of the 6th OA, LenVO, Petrozavodsk (in the 90s - 2000s) - possibly replaced the 806th around 1995 ...
808th Special Forces PriVO (Rezun-Suvorov spoke about the existence of this company, but no confirmation was found)
818th Special Forces, military unit 35792, 14th OA, OdVO, Tiraspol (formed in 1986, disbanded in September 1995)
822nd OrdnSpN UrVO, Yekaterinburg
827th Special Forces, military unit 13010, 35th OA, Far Eastern Military District, Belogorsk - by 1998 was gone
876th Special Forces, military unit 71604, 42nd Army Corps, North Caucasus Military District, Vladikavkaz - (From the spring of 1995 deployed to the 58th OA)
877th Special Forces, military unit 59348, 68th Army Corps, Far Eastern Military District, Khomutovo (until 1998)
892nd Special Forces 39th OA, GSVM, Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, withdrawn to the ZabVO, art. Divisional
897 opr ccc (special special signal means) - 40th OA (OKSVA),
899th OrdnSpN of military unit 54766, consisting of 171 OBR (now the 38th) Ops of Communications of the Airborne Forces, Bear Lakes (for the 80s it had three intelligence groups, a special radio communications group, a radio intelligence group, a support group, and company management.) - reorganized into the 218th OBSPN of the 45th ORP of the Airborne Forces in 1992.

Note: There were other companies (numbering not established):
N-sk OrSpN, 28th OA, BVO, Grodno
N-sk OrSpN, North Caucasian Military District, Novocherskassk
N-sk OrSpN, 38th OA, PrikVO, Ivano-Frankivsk
N-sk OrSpN, 1st OA, KVO, Chernihiv

In 1993-1994, staffing tables changed, training companies appeared, weapons changed,

Part of the data is given in the consolidated list at the end of 1991 from the previous part.
Combat composition for 2007:
2 obrSpN (RPD: settlement of Cherekhi, Promezhitsky district, Pskov region of LenVO) - 70 and 700 (Pskov region, settlement of Pechora-1), 177 (Kola Peninsula, settlement of Pushnoy) - 329th detachment, ShMS , School of ensigns. The 177th was cut in 1997. However, by September 2000, 2 detachments were re-formed in the 2nd brigade, incl. and 177th.
3rd Separate Guards Warsaw-Berlin Red Banner Order of Kutuzov, 3rd degree brSpN "heavy train" (RPD: Roshinsky village, Chernorechye district, Samara region, PUrVO) - 330, 509, 510.512 ooSpN, 501.503.
10 obrSpN "heavy" (formed in 2002 in Malkovo, Krasnodar Territory) - 107 oSpN, 4oub SpN (sf in 2003), 85.95 (sf in 2002), 104.551 ooSpN (under the USSR in Feodosia - 13 was deployed 325ooSpN ) (Total 7 squads).
12 obrSpN (RPD: Asbest Sverdlovsk region PurVO, since 2004 Chelyabinsk) - 33 ooSpN. Also known is the 374th detachment of Special Forces (PPD - N / A).
14 obrSpN "heavy" (PPD: Ussuriysk, Far Eastern Military District) - 282 ooSpN (Khabarovsk), 294 ooSpN (Belogorsk), SRS detachment, training detachment, and at least 2 oSpN. Also known is the 308 detachment of Special Forces (Ussuriysk-9).
16 obrSpN (RPD: Tambov MVO Transferred from Chuchkovo in 2004.) - 370, 664, 669 (neotd). . Also known is the 379th detachment of Special Forces (PPD - N. / D.).
22 separate guards brspn "heavy composition" (p. Stepnoy, Rostov region, North Caucasian Military District) - 173, 411, 108 (sf in 2003 in Bataysk, then PPD p. Kovalevka, Aksai district, Rostov region, North Caucasian Military District) ooSpN, 305oSpN (or vice versa 305 ooSpN, 108 (neotd)), 54th (56th (?)) ouc SpN (Krasnaya Polyana settlement, Krasnodar Territory). In 2006, 173, 411 and the newly formed 108th detachments were transferred to the city of Bataysk.
24 obrSpN "light composition" (pgt Kyakhta (Ulan-Ude), Siberian Military District) - 281 (total: SRS detachment, 2 special forces, 2 ooSpN, orSpM, training company)
67 obrSpN (Berdsk, Novosibirsk region, Siberian Military District) - 691 (In total 2 separate and 3 "linear" and an SRS detachment). The 690th detachment of Special Forces (PPD-ND) is also known.

The 2nd ObrSpN in Chechnya (2nd Chechen) is represented by a consolidated detachment: one company of the 70th, one company of the 700th, one company of the 329th, and control, auto platoon, air defense and communications from each in turn. Special Forces detachments in Chechnya correspond to "non-separate". A detachment from the 22nd brigade also fought in Chechnya (the brigade became guards in 2001)
Training units have been created in all brigades (this is due to the fact that the Pechersk training regiment ceased to exist). A separate training battalion is only in the 10th brigade, in the rest of the ShMS (School junior specialists- consists of two companies in one three platoons in the other two and management).

The rest of the detachments are most likely not deployed, but on paper they exist.

About the modern (1st decade of the 21st century) organization of the Special Forces troops
(not including marine Special Forces)

A platoon of heavy weapons (in some companies this platoon was called special mining) as a separate structure only in separate companies. In the detachment, this is a company of heavy weapons.

OrSpN:
company management;
three platoons of Special Forces (groups in explosives);
SpM platoon (group in explosives);
SRS platoon;
platoon of economic and landing support.
Only 115 people.

For 1993-1995, the 462nd Special Forces of the 30th Guards Army Corps of the LenVO had 128 people (including up to 15 soldiers-athletes who actually did not serve in the unit).

An additional version of the OShS orSpN for 2001 - The staff is 120 people, actually 2 times less .:
Company management:
o Com. Companies, p / p-k.
o Deputy VDS, Major.
o Deputy for engineering training, major
o Deputy By educational work, captain.
o Foreman of the company, art. Ave.
o Secretary, Art. Pr-k
o Encoder (conscript)
o Paramedic senior pr-k.
Reconnaissance platoon (*4), including:
o Platoon commanders, captains / st. lieutenants,
o ZKV, pr-ki / st.pr-ki.
o Squad commanders
o snipers,
o grenade launchers,
o machine gunners.
Special radio communications platoon, including:
o Com. Platoon, art. Lieutenant / senior pr-k
o RG radio operators,
o Com. radio stations on the car, art. pr-ki.
o radiotelegraphers,
o car drivers with a radio station,
o battery.
Platoon THO, including:
o Com. Platoon, art. Ave.
o Head of warehouse PDI, art. Ave.
o Head of warehouse RAV, st.pr-k.
o drivers,
o cooks.

WG from platoons were formed approximately like this (applies only to the TSP in peacetime) commander of the group officer-com. platoon (depending on the task, there could be a pr-k-ZKV and a sergeant from scouts), a sniper, a grenade launcher, a machine gunner, 1-2 radio operators with portable radio stations, batteries and ROM, 1-2 scouts additionally with AKS-74 , of necessity.

The evacuation of a group or the wounded has its own specific features. First, it is necessary to point the helicopters at themselves, since without knowing exactly where the group is located, they will not be able to help her. If the group commander observes the helicopters visually, then he must, depending on the location of the group in relation to the course of the helicopters, inform the helicopter commander of his location and password ( 41) , For example: “Air”, I am “Cherry”, 41, I am 40 about to the right on the course, the distance is 3 km, I designate myself with orange smoke.

The choice of signal for designation rests with the commander of the reconnaissance group and should not(for secrecy purposes) be stipulated in advance.

When identifying themselves and giving signals to helicopter crews, it must be taken into account that the crew's view of the terrain ahead at a rate of no more than 60 degrees, while the terrain under the helicopter and behind is not visible at all. If the group is located not compactly, but dispersed (fighting on the defensive), then you need to indicate the location of the group with at least two signals, that is, designate a section of the area where helicopter pilots cannot fire.

When targeting crews, the group commander must take into account the ellipse of dispersion of missiles and shells aircraft gun and exclude helicopters from entering a combat course over the group.

It should be borne in mind that at speeds of more than 80 km / h (the minimum speed for attacking helicopters), the fire of airborne machine guns (even the quadruple for the Mi-24D) is ineffective due to the large dispersion of bullets.

It is also necessary to take into account that a feature of the MI-8 assault helicopter is the location of the crew commander on the left side of the cockpit, so it is more convenient for him to turn to the left from the combat course and, moving in a circle counterclockwise, again enter the combat course, i.e. work "left box". Therefore, when pointing and targeting, the group commander (aircraft controller) should be located on the left at the Mi-8's approach to the target.

An example of giving a command to attack the Mi-8 helicopter:

“Air, I am Cherry, from me at a rate of 60 about to the right, further 400, a heavy machine gun. Come in at a rate of 300 o, work with the “left box”.

The second helicopter (if a pair is working) takes a place in a circle diametrically opposite to the first - a “carousel”. The crew of the second helicopter observes the results of the leader's salvo and must be ready to strike, taking into account the correction from the ground.

For example:“310, work from the gap further than 100, to the right of 50, duplicate target designation with long tracer bursts.”

In addition to guidance by radio, the commander of the RG Special Forces (if the group has already been detected or is in combat) must duplicate the adjustment with bursts of tracer bullets, reactive signal cartridges and other signaling means, commenting on these signals by radio.

ANNEX 1.

Conventional terminology(option).

a) helicopters, planes:

Mi-8 - green (scorpions) - Su-25, MiG-27 - Humpbacked

Mi-24 - striped (pike) - Su-17 - Dry

Mi-6 - sheds (termites) - MiG-21r - Lenses

MiG-21bis - Balalaikas

b) troops and equipment:

Armored personnel carrier, infantry fighting vehicle, tanks - Korobochka

Column - Chain

Car - Wheel

Our troops - Line

Enemy - Dotted line

Prisoners - 12

Wounded - 300

Killed - 021

c) weapons and ammunition:

DShK, machine guns - Ratchet

AGS, ZGU, guns - Trajectory

Air bombs: - Drops

Incendiary - Wick

High explosive - Fan

Single Bomb Cassette (RBC) - Umbrella

Volumetric detonating bomb (ODAV) - Surprise

Luminous aerial bomb (SAZ) - Candle

Unguided aircraft missile (NAR) - Nails

Guided missile(UR) - Cigars

APPENDIX 2

The main tactical and technical data of helicopters of the aviation of the Ground Forces.

Main characteristics	Helicopter type
Mi-24V	Mi-8MT
Crew, people……………………………	2-3
Take-off weight, kg maximum…………………………… normal……………………………….	11 500 11 200	13 000 11 000
Maximum speed, km/h…………
Practical ceiling, m ………………	4 500	5 000
Fuel supply in main tanks, kg……	1 710	1 420
Landing load, kg maximum…………………………… on external sling……………………	1 550 2 400	4 000 3 000
Number of transported people, pers…
Tactical radius at maximum takeoff weight and maximum combat charge, km. . . .

APPENDIX 3

Radio option.

The call sign of the GBU (Combat Command Group) is "Fountain".

The call sign of the aircraft controller is "Falcon".

The call sign of the crew is "820".

No. p / p	Reports and commands of the crew commander.	No. p / p	Reports and teams of the State Budgetary Institution (AN).
1. 3. 5. 6. 8. 10. 13. 15. 17. 19. 22. 24. 26. 29. 31. 33.	Establishing a connection: “Fountain”, I am 820, 68, do you hear, reception?” Report to the GBU: “I am 820, I am approaching you with four greens, 3200, according to the standard with a course of 300 about in 3 minutes. Repetition of the task: “I am 820, I understand, approach north of the zone, work with the Falcon at point 213” Establishing communication: “Falcon”, I am 820, 21, do you hear, reception? Clarification of the task: "Falcon", I am 820, specify the task" Confirmation: "I am 820, I understand, I go to area 213 north of 2 km, orange smoke" Confirmation: "I am 820, I understand, to the left 15º" Having found the aircraft controller, transmits: "I 820, I am watching you” Confirmation: “I am 820, I understand, the target is a heading of 240º, further 2 km is a separate stone one-story house. Own troops south of 1.5 km, marked with orange smoke "Having found the target, preparing to strike, transmits:" I am 820, I see the target, I am shooting with nails proofreading, and when ready, transmits: “I am 820, on combat, I work“ drops ”After finishing the bombing (strike by NURSs), transmits:“ I am 820, I finished the work, allow the retreat ”“ Fountain ”, I am 820, 93, I hear you well, reception” Confirmation: “I am 820, I understand, group 562 is leaving, at an altitude of 3200 according to the standard” Confirmation: “I am 820, I understand, end of communication”	2. 4. 7. 9. 11. 12. 14. 16. 18. 20. 21. 23. 25. 27. 28. 30. 32.	"820, I'm Fountain, 07, I can hear you well, over" Setting tasks for the navigator: "820, approach north of the zone, the humpbacks are working, you work with the Sokol at point 213" "820, I'm the Sokol, 62, I hear you well, over" Problem clarification: "820, come to me, area 213 north of 2 km, I'll mark it with orange smoke" Confirmation: "820, received correctly" Problem clarification: "820, I'm watching you, turn left 15º, I designate" Confirmation : “820, received correctly” Setting tasks for the navigator: “820, I understand you. Your goal is a course of 240º, further 2 km - a separate stone one-story house. Own troops south of 1.5 km, marked with orange smoke" Confirmation: "820, received correctly" Confirmation: "820, I understand you, I'm watching" Having determined the deviation, transmits: "820, work from the break with a flight of 70, to the left of 50" Confirmation: " 820, received correctly ”After assessing the accuracy of the hit, he transmits: “820, worked well” Having assessed the accuracy of the hit, he transmits: “820, he worked well, I allow the withdrawal” The board (strike group) is controlled by the GBU. He establishes a connection and sends: "820, I'm" Fountain ", 79, how do you hear me, reception?" Clarification of the task: "820, group 562 is leaving, at an altitude of 3200 according to the standard" Confirmation: "820, received correctly, end of communication"

Note. by agreement digital password may be three instead of two digits. The last digit may be a digit missing in the “password grid” or the last digit of the callsign of the takeoff group (pair, link, etc.)

"Password Grid" is valid for a certain, as a rule, not a long time ( For example, several hours) after which they switch to a new “password grid”.

APPENDIX 4

Special forces units of the Russian Federation

Parts and divisions of special purpose- units and units of various special services, armed forces and police (militia), as well as anti-terrorist units, are designed to neutralize and destroy terrorist formations, conduct operations deep behind enemy lines, sabotage and perform other complex combat missions.

Story

M. S. Svechnikov can probably be considered a Russian theorist and author of the very ideology and concept of the use of special forces, who managed to convey many of his ideas to students of the Military Academies, followers and supporters. The practical implementation and real testing of ideas was probably started by I. G. Starinov, he organized the first combat use during the Spanish Civil War. Probably there was a fruitful ideological exchange between M. S. Svechnikov and I. G. Starinov, during the latter’s studies at the Academy.

Special Forces Units (SPN)

• "Zenith" - task force for special purposes (OGSpN) of the KGB of the USSR
• "Omega"
• "Cascade"
• "Alpha" - specializes in the release of hostages.
• Barrier - a special unit of the SVR (foreign intelligence services). Number of 300 people.
• Special units of the Departments of the Federal Penitentiary Service for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Each territorial subdivision has its own name (for example, OSN "Typhoon" of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, OSN "Saturn" of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for Moscow, OSN (b) "Rosich" of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for the Ryazan Region)
• Special Forces FSKN

Police Special Forces (SOBR)

SOBR (special rapid response department) - federal and regional special units Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, which were regularly (until 2003) part of the Departments for Combating Organized Crime of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (subdivisions of more than 200 people since the late 1990s were called detachments). Since 2002, SOBRs have been disbanded, some employees have been asked to transfer to the OMSN (Special Purpose Police Detachment). In 2011, in connection with the reform of the internal affairs bodies, and the renaming of the "militia" into the "police", the units of the OMSN were renamed OSN (special forces). Since 2012, all OSN detachments have been given the name - SOBR ( special squad rapid response).

The main task of creating SOBR is the fight against organized crime, in all its manifestations, by all types and methods, and against terrorism. Special forces were also successfully used in military operations conducted in the TFR.

SOBR KM GUVD in Moscow is the very first special forces detachment in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Founded in 1978. SOBR officers are constantly on business trips in the North Caucasus.

In accordance with existing agreements, SOBR officers are allowed to test for the right to wear a maroon beret, taking into account their specific service and assigned tasks. This is expressed in slightly modified tests.

Parts and formations of the Special Forces of the Ministry of Defense of Russia

Parts and connections of SpN GRU GSH

• 2nd Separate Special Forces Brigade of the GRU (Promezhitsy settlement, Pskov district, LenVO)
• 3rd Separate Guards Special Purpose Brigade (Chernorechye PriVO)
• 10th Separate Special Purpose Brigade of the GRU (Molkino village, Krasnodar Territory, North Caucasus Military District)
• 14th Separate Special Purpose Brigade of the GRU (Ussuriysk, Primorsky Territory, Far East Military District)
• 16th Separate Special Purpose Brigade of the GRU (Tambov, Moscow Military District)
• 22nd Separate Guards Special Purpose Brigade GRU (Stepnoy settlement, Rostov Region, North Caucasus Military District)
• 24th Separate Special Purpose Brigade of the GRU (Irkutsk, Siberian Military District)

42nd Marine reconnaissance post(Russian Island, Khaluai Bay, near Vladivostok, Pacific Fleet);

• 420th naval reconnaissance point (Polyarny settlement, near Murmansk, Northern Fleet);
• 431st naval reconnaissance point (Tuapse, Black Sea Fleet);
• 561st naval reconnaissance point (Sailing settlement, near the city of Baltiysk, Kaliningrad region, Baltic Fleet).

Detachments to combat underwater sabotage forces and means:

Parts and connections of the Special Forces of the Airborne Forces

• 45th Separate Reconnaissance Regiment of the Special Forces of the Airborne Forces

Special Forces of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

Through the efforts of the chief of intelligence of the VV, General Kuznetsov, and his deputy, General Chevrizov, after the first Chechen campaign, attempts were made to form a regiment on the basis of the Vityaz detachment. However, veterans of the division assess this step of consolidation negatively. With the departure of the detachment commander V. Nikitenko, this became possible.

In 1999, on the basis of the detachment and the 1st Red Banner Regiment of ODON, the 1st Red Banner Special Purpose Regiment "Vityaz" was formed. However, after three years, he is in the interests of more effective implementation tasks was again reorganized into a detachment. Now, on the basis of the unit, the 604th Special Purpose Center of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation has been formed.

Special purpose departments of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia

Special units of the Federal Penitentiary Service. They are part of the structure of the territorial departments of the Federal Penitentiary Service for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Currently, they have the name "Special Purpose Departments". The task of the units includes the prevention and suppression of crimes and offenses at the facilities of the Federal Penitentiary Service, the search for and capture of especially dangerous criminals, ensuring security at special events, the release of hostages taken by convicts, as well as the protection of senior officials of the department. Created during the period when the Penitentiary System (GUIN) was part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

• SATURN - 29.04.92 - Moscow
• TORCH - 30.05.91 - Moscow region
• FALCON - 17.03.91 - Belgorod
• TORNADO - 11.06.91 - Bryansk
• MONOMACH - 06/21/91 - Vladimir
• SKIF - 07.07.97 - Rostov-on-Don
• HURRICANE - 04.01.91 - Ivanovo
• GROM - 09/23/91 - Kaluga
• THUNDER - 06/07/92 - Kostroma
• BARS-2 - 15.01.93 - Kursk
• TITAN - 06.01.91 - Lipetsk
• ROSICH - 30.07.91 - Ryazan
• JAGUAR - 13.08.92 - Eagle
• PHOENIX - 14.09.91 - Smolensk
• VEPR - 17.04.93 - Tambov
• GRIF - 04.12.93 - Tula
• LYNX - 03/26/91 - Tver
• STORM - 19.08.91 - Yaroslavl
• CONDOR - 07.07.91 - Republic of Adygea
• SCORPIO - 06/07/91 - Astrakhan
• BARS - 13.03.91 - Volgograd
• OREL - 11.11.92 - Republic of Dagestan
• ACULA - 04.03.91 - Krasnodar
• VOLCANO - 14.03.93 - Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria
• GYURZA - 02.10.92 - Republic of Kalmykia
• ROSNA - 14.03.91 - Rostov-on-Don
• BULAT - 10.20.91 - Republic of North Ossetia
• RUBEZH - 01.03.92 - Stavropol
• Sivuch - 18.08.93 - Arkhangelsk
• VIKING-2 - 23.07.91 - Vologda
• GRANITE - 07.07.93 - Republic of Karelia
• SAPSAN - 11.03.93 - Republic of Komi
• BASTION - 06.03.91 - Kaliningrad
• ICEBERG - 11.07.91 - Murmansk
• RUSICH - 11/13/91 - Novgorod
• ZUBR - 11/13/91 - Pskov
• TYPHOON - 20.02.91 - St. Petersburg
• DELTA - 01.11.92 - Severoonezhsk
• SPRUT - 07.07.93 - Mikun
• FOBOS - 06/28/91 - Penza
• ‎HAWK - 01/22/92 - Republic of Mari El
• RIVEZ - 14.03.91 - Saransk
• BARS - 17.01.91 - Kazan
• GUARD - 06.08.91 - Cheboksary
• SMERCH - 03.04.91 - Ufa
• KRECHET - 01.07.91 - Izhevsk
• SARMAT - 01.02.91 - Orenburg
• BEAR - 06.02.91 - Perm
• MONGOOS - 06/22/91 - Samara
• ORION - 05.09.91 - Saratov
• DIAMOND - 01.03.91 - Kirov
• BERSERK - 04.03.91 - Nizhny Novgorod
• SHKVAL - 28.11.91 - Ulyanovsk
• VARYAG - 03/23/93 - Solikamsk
• CHEETAH - 04/23/93 - Yavas
• CENTAUR - 01.10.92 - Forest
• MIRAGE - 31.07.91 - Kurgan
• ROSS - 14.01.91 - Yekaterinburg
• GRAD - 19.03.91 - Tyumen
• NORTH - 09.09.99 - Surgut
• URAL - 09.01.91 - Chelyabinsk
• VORTEX - 12/22/93 - Sosva
• SOBOL - 03/22/93 - Tavda
• Wolverine - 01.12.2008 - Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
• EDELWEISS - 05.04.93 - Republic of Gorny Altai
• SAGITTARIUS - 11.07.91 - Ulan-Ude
• URAGAN - 18.06.91 - Irkutsk
• KODAR - 26.02.91 - Chita
• LEGION - 17.04.91 - Barnaul
• ERMAK - 21.02.91 - Krasnoyarsk
• KEDR - 09.05.91 - Kemerovo
• VIKING - 12.02.91 - Omsk
• KORSAR - 14.09.91 - Novosibirsk
• SIBERIA - 12.02.91 - Tomsk
• IRBIS - 06.06.91 - Kyzyl
• OMEGA - 06.11.91 - Abakan
• SHIELD - 25.02.91 - N. Poyma
• VOSTOK - 01.04.92 - Blagoveshchensk
• SHADOW - 26.02.93 - Birobidzhan
• LEADER - 22.08.92 - Vladivostok
• POLAR WOLF - 27.05.91 - Magadan
• MIRAGE - 04.04.91 - Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
• AMUR - 12.02.91 - Khabarovsk
• POLAR BEAR - 05.05.92 - Yakutsk
• BERKUT - 31.03.93 - Kamchatka
• Interregional The educational center for the training of employees of departments of special purpose "Krasnaya Polyana" Sochi - training of special forces of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia and other law enforcement agencies to perform operational and combat missions in mountainous and other special conditions. Created on August 29, 2001. Official website: www.mucsn-fsin.ru

see also

Notes

Links

• Official news of all regional departments of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia
• 1071 Separate Special Purpose Training Regiment of the GRU of the General Staff of the Ministry of Defense (Pechory Pskov)
• Spetsnaz. (English)

5.

INTELLIGENCE ACTIONS IN PATROL (INTELLIGENCE OF THE MVD MVD)

Watch - one of the most important types of reconnaissance actions sent from reconnaissance bodies and subdivisions of internal troops to conduct reconnaissance of illegal armed formations (enemy), survey the area and direct protection during the performance of service and combat missions and on the march.

The Watch allows you to:

conduct reconnaissance in various ways;

conduct a survey of the area, moving in marching order;

be in constant readiness to immediately repulse an attack by an illegal armed formation (enemy);

identify fire weapons, ambushes and barriers of illegal armed formations (opponents

deploy in battle formation with the allocation of a fire group

support.

Patrols operate day or night, depending on the situation and the task.

Watch tasks.

The patrol is assigned to solve a wide range of combat missions, each of which involves the conduct of reconnaissance operations to one degree or another, such as:

• obtaining information about the terrain, vegetation, hydrography, illegal armed formations (enemy), local population, etc.;

  search and destruction of illegal armed formations (enemy). These actions include advancing to positions for ambush, clearing settlements, following in the footsteps of an illegal armed formation (enemy), raids on its temporary bases, etc.;

  identification of ways and implementation of penetration or exit from the area of ​​warfare. Regardless of whether the sub-

  separation to the area of ​​operations or to the area of ​​evacuation after the completion of the task, it always sends out reconnaissance patrols - a guarantee of the safety of movement in the area of ​​​​combat operations;

  control of the neutral zone - a piece of terrain between the positions of friendly troops and enemy troops. This gives your troops an advantage in time and space to maneuver, and also makes it easier to get information about the enemy.

  identifying the mood of the local population (refugees, migrants, internally displaced persons);

  search for possible routes of penetration of criminals (enemy), traces of their presence, as well as obtaining information from the local population about the possible penetration of criminals (enemy) or their presence in the area.

Watch Success is achieved by a high level of training, coordination of actions, initiative and decisive actions of each serviceman.

Types of patrols:

Patrolmen on foot – perform reconnaissance tasks and avoid meeting with illegal armed formations (enemy). Stealth of actions is the most important condition for their successful actions.

With a minimum number (2, maximum 3-4 people, one of which is appointed senior), foot patrols perform the following main tasks:

direct inspection of the area and individual local objects




collection of topographic information;

collection of information about the positions of illegal armed formations (enemy) and minefields;

study of routes and features of enemy actions;

conducting reconnaissance by observation and eavesdropping on the paths of movement

zheniya illegal armed formations (enemy) and near its bases;

• reconnaissance of routes for their troops.

  Reconnaissance patrol -conducts reconnaissance in the specified direction or object. He is appointed from the reconnaissance platoon (special purpose platoon), includes up to 10-12 people

  Its main tasks are: a. Collection of topographic information.

  b. Gathering information about enemy positions and minefields. V. Studying the routes and features of enemy actions.

  d. Conducting reconnaissance by observation and eavesdropping on the enemy's movement routes and near his bases.

  e. Reconnaissance of routes for their troops.

  e. Conducting limited raiding activities such as acts of sabotage or actions on the roads.

  Raid (reconnaissance and assault) patrol in most cases, it is assigned as part of a regular RV (VSN) with reinforcement forces. Performs special tasks and has the strength sufficient for combat.

  The main tasks are:

  A. Destruction of separate groups and commanders of the enemy.

  b. Conducting harassing actions by attacking the enemy.

  V. Misleading the enemy about the true intentions of the command.

  d. Conducting raids on enemy positions and targets. e. Capturing prisoners.

  e. Organization of ambushes on the routes of the probable movement of the enemy. and. Influencing the local population.

  h. Organization of bases for long-term operations behind enemy lines. And. Search and destruction of enemy bases.

  The choice of order of battle of the WG SpN depends on:

  • combat mission of the group;

    terrain and conditions for observing it;

    the intended direction of the enemy's attack;

    on the required speed of movement and the required controllability of the group;

    on who (our troops or the enemy) controls the airspace;

  
  

  The main options for battle formation include:

  
  

  "One by one in a column."

  it is used in closed areas, for example, in the jungle, for movement along the edges of the forest, in a minefield, when seeping through enemy battle formations. It is easy for the commander to manage the group, but the execution of the command takes time. RG Special Forces is highly vulnerable from the flanks, frontal fire is difficult

  
  

  

  "In a column of two"

  Effective for driving at night.

  WG SpN is relatively well managed. Frontal fire is somewhat difficult.

  
  

  

  
  

  
  

  Often used when driving on rough open and semi-closed terrain. When driving at night. The group is easy to manage, it is easy to conduct all-round observation and fire in all directions.

  
  

  

  "In line".

  Used in attack. It is convenient for frontal fire. However, the group is difficult to manage. The machine-gun crew must be placed on an open flank or on a flank that provides the most effective fire in a collision with the enemy.

  
  

  - ,_:_ -

  
  

  The basis of any battle formation is a pair (troika) of scouts,which, alternately moving from shelter to shelter (5-7 meters each), cover each other. Moreover, a moving scout, as a rule, looks at his feet, trying to examine the extension of the mine. A reconnaissance officer, prepared for firing from behind cover, observes through the sight of the weapon in readiness to immediately open fire. When observing, he chooses a shelter in 5-7 m for which he will hide during the next transition. It is necessary to practice the manufacture both from the left and from the right hand. The vast majority of soldiers are made for firing from the right hand, therefore, by firing at the left side of the cover, we will hit it faster.

  
  

  Patrol methods.

  There are 4 main ways to patrol:

  Strict adherence to the selected route is not necessary and, when new information is received, the group's route may change. The secret to success lies in using the terrain to your advantage; avoiding excessive fatigue of the personnel, it is necessary to strive to inspect the entire area.

  
  

  The main load during the inspection of the area falls on the sentinels. Paired patrols are usually prescribed, but groups can also be assigned.

  3-4 people. The sentinels move during the day at a distance of 8-10 steps, at night - 3-4 steps, with the elder walking a little behind. Movement is carried out from one NP to another. Such OPs (stops) are selected with good visibility and camouflage towards the enemy. When observing, the sentinels are located lying near a hillock, a tree, behind buildings, in a bush, etc. Observation should be carried out from the side, from the shady side, without raising their heads. When observing, pay special attention to the reconnaissance signs of targets (the enemy), which were given in lecture No. 1. The core begins to move only after receiving a signal from the patrol about the absence of the enemy.

  
  

  All signals are given secretly from the enemy, and it is necessary to make sure that the signal is understood. Hand or automatic signals are visible at 300-1000 m during the day, at 1000-1500 m at night, signal flags at 800-1500 m during the day, rockets up to 5000 m during the day, up to 15000 m at night. /s on signals.

  
  

  Heights are inspected on opposite slopes by two pairs of sentinels. You should not linger on the heights and on the ridges.

  Hollows, ravines, groves and thickets of bushes, individual buildings and ruins are especially carefully examined, where most often the enemy sets up shelters and ambushes. Sometimes suspicious places are preliminarily shelled, and inspected only in the absence of return fire.

  Gorges and ravines are preliminarily inspected by several pairs of sentinels, and the core does not start moving until the end of the inspection (only after the sentinels occupy convenient positions at the exit, the core moves along the slope). places suitable for defense. The sentinels can also detect the enemy by listening.

  
  

  Reconnaissance of forest areas is carried out by a chain of sentinels (double chain: machine gunners go in the first line, and machine gunners and snipers go in the second

  ry covering the first line), and pre-examine the edge visually from the greatest possible distances. Trees are examined from the bottom up in order to identify snipers.

  The sentinels operate in full view of each other. When moving in the forest, it is necessary to hide behind trees and shrubs, and clearings, clearings are overcome by throwing or crawling under the cover of the main forces of the RD (small bypass). From time to time you need to stop and listen. It is possible to view the area ahead from the trees. When encountering obstacles, mines, buildings, they are inspected with deployment in battle formation or without deployment.

  
  

  The obstacle is inspected from the maximum range to the "optics", and then visually from close range; direct inspection is carried out only in the absence of suspicious signs and under the cover of the main forces of the RD.

  
  

  Departure to the place of the base and organization of the base.

  
  

  If the reconnaissance group needs to stop for a period of up to 24 hours, a base is organized. She does not stop in one place for more than a day and does not return to this place again. If combat mission requires a long stay behind enemy lines, then the group commander selects in advance several places for such bases. They are planned to be occupied in cases where it is necessary to stop all daytime activity in order to avoid detection; shelter personnel for the period of reconnaissance; rest after a long march; develop an additional plan of operation and prepare the necessary orders; assemble after penetrating enemy territory in small groups.

  At the same time, passive and active safety measures should be observed. Passive measures provide for the fulfillment of a number of requirements: choose places remote from human habitation, avoid any buildings (forester's house, barn), as well as known and suspected enemy positions; not be located near topographic landmarks, on the banks of rivers, lakes, streams, along roads and paths, in open forests and glades; choose hard-to-reach terrain with ravines, steep cliffs that make it difficult to move on foot, having no tactical value, with developed undergrowth, bushes and trees with a low crown.

  Active security measures require: setting up combat guards or an observation post in the path of a probable enemy approach (the size of the base and the number of guard posts are determined by the size of the group, terrain conditions, the number and quality of available

  shelters); deploy an electronic warning system about the approach of the enemy; develop a plan for the defense and evacuation of the base; to organize the service at the base so that a third of the personnel was ready to open fire at any time of the day, and to reduce movement around the base to a minimum.

  There are several ways to occupy the base, the use of which depends on combat readiness, terrain, and vegetation.

  The first way is "Loop".

The reconnaissance group stops for listening at 100 - 400 m from the proposed base site for 5 - 10 minutes.

Then he passes it forward for 200 - 800 m, makes four turns 90 degrees to the right (left) every 100 - 400 m, writing out a large loop around the proposed base site. Such a maneuver allows the guard to detect in time the enemy pursuing the group in its tracks. After the fourth turn, the place of the future base is directly in front of them at 200 - 300 m.

Here the reconnaissance group takes up all-round defense.

The commander gives an order in case of a sudden meeting with the enemy, in which he informs where, with whom and for how long he leaves, who his deputy is, and also sets out the procedure for contacting the enemy, indicates the places of the main and reserve collection points. This order is given every time someone separates from the group.

The commander with his escorts goes to the place of the proposed base, combs it in a zigzag, sets up guards at positions corresponding to 12 and 6 o'clock, and gives an order in case of meeting with the enemy.

After that, he, along with the "navigator" returns to the reconnaissance group. Here the commander sets up an observation post, gives the appropriate order, and together with the group enters the base, where he organizes all-round defense.

1. The second way is "Knee".

The commander gives the order for action in an emergency.

Then he moves forward, makes one 90-degree turn and exits to the base. And then it works as in the first case.

1. The third way. It is used by small groups that occupy the base at once with the whole composition.

The reconnaissance group stops for listening at 100 - 400 m from the proposed base for 5 - 10 minutes.

Then he passes it forward for 200 - 800 m, makes four turns 90 degrees to the right (left) every 100 - 400 m, writing out a large loop around the proposed base site.

One or two MON mines are laid in the area leading directly to it. The personnel are seated with their backs to each other in two lines. The soldiers sitting on the edges act as guards.




Base organization.




First of all, defense is organized, firing sectors are assigned, the positions of machine guns and group weapons are specified, for which fire cards are compiled.

Then the group proceeds to clean the weapons, and at the same time it is allowed to dismantle no more than a quarter of the existing one. Machine guns are cleaned after individual weapons are cleaned.

The water supply is organized in the following way: the personnel collects flasks in empty backpacks. The commander establishes near and far, located behind the source of water, collection points. The farthest collection point is assigned by the command (for example: "300 m north of such and such a landmark"). The commander places guards on the flanks and in the rear of the reconnaissance group. The patrol approaches the water source, reconnoiters the far side, takes up guard positions and gives a signal that everything is in order: during the day - by hand, at night - by a red light (two flashes). After that, the flask group goes to the water source and fills all the flasks of the reconnaissance group, and the guards of the near side pass it last and "sterilize" the place. The place for collecting water is chosen at bends, in lowlands, in places where the river narrows.

Meals are taken in pairs: the first, with a weapon in his hands, provides security, the second (at 3-5 m) warms up rations on a tablet of dry fuel and takes food (no more than a third of the personnel do this at the same time).

At dawn and dusk, the entire reconnaissance group, half an hour before sunset (sunrise), gathers, takes up firing positions and prepares for battle, then waits at firing positions for an hour. Half an hour after sunset (sunrise), she continues her activities according to the daily routine.

Each scout at the base is informed about the withdrawal plan, the main and reserve collection point. In a sudden attack, it is believed that it is better to engage in battle, destroy the enemy or force a retreat than to allow an unorganized withdrawal and use of the assembly point.

Order of battle, actions of the group commander and personnel.

A raid consists in a sudden attack by a Special Forces group on a pre-selected enemy object with the aim of destroying it (incapacitating it), capturing prisoners, documents, weapons and equipment.

The objects of the raid can be:

• missile subunits in concentration areas and at launch (firing) positions
• command posts, headquarters, communications centers, airfields or their individual elements
• warehouses for various purposes
• radio and radio equipment, small garrisons and other objects

The methods of action and formation of combat order during a raid on an object in each specific case depend on the purpose of the raid, the composition and security of the group (detachment) and the combat capabilities of the enemy, as well as the nature of the terrain on the object and in the area of ​​​​its location.
Taking into account these conditions, the methods of action during the implementation of a raid can be divided into:

• sudden silent attack
• attack after fire suppression of the enemy

silent attack on an enemy object in all cases is more preferable, as it provides stealth and suddenness of the raid. It is carried out, as a rule, at objects with little security, in closed areas, using only silent small arms and edged weapons.

Attack on the enemy after being subdued by fire usually carried out in cases where the assigned task cannot be performed by silent actions or when the enemy detects the group at the time of the attack.

When carrying out a raid on an enemy superior in strength, the Special Forces unit opens fire from all types of weapons, boldly attacks the object, using surprise and confusion, captures prisoners, documents, weapons, equipment, mines and undermines the object or its elements, with fire from all types weapon destroys personnel, equipment, equipment, after which, using the terrain and mine-explosive devices, it quickly breaks away from the enemy and retreats.

order of battle

The order of battle during a raid, depending on the task, the situation and the composition of the group (detachment), may consist of subgroups (groups):

• attacks
• capture
• ensure
• if necessary, a reserve can be allocated

Subgroup (group) attacks designed to remove sentries, destroy personnel located at the facility as crews, crews, maintenance personnel, guards, etc. Depending on the situation, the task of destroying the guards (removing sentries) may be assigned to a subgroup (group) of support.
Scouts are appointed to the subgroup (group) who are fluent in edged weapons and methods of attack and self-defense without weapons. It is expedient to appoint scouts to this subgroup who are well-versed in mine-blasting and have good skills in blowing up structural elements from various materials. It is also necessary to prepare and correctly position a group of snipers to destroy the guards of the object from special means of covert and silent destruction of enemy manpower.

Capture subgroup (group) designed to capture prisoners, documents, weapons and equipment, destroy (disable) equipment, equipment and structures located at the facility. It is necessary to appoint scouts to this group who are physically strong, dexterous, resolute, who are fluent in hand-to-hand combat techniques.

Support subgroup (group) designed to cover with fire the actions of other subgroups (groups) during the raid and when they withdraw after completing the task

Reserve(if allocated) is directly subordinate to the unit commander and is designed to perform tasks that suddenly arose during the raid:

• providing assistance to any subgroup or the wounded
• covering groups in case the enemy appears from a new direction, etc.

In some cases, when the composition of the Special Forces group is small, some subgroups can perform several tasks in sequence. So, for example, the attack subgroup after the destruction of the guard in the future performs the functions of a capture or support subgroup. And vice versa, if there are enough forces and means, and the elements of the object are located on large area, can be distinguished not by one, but by two or more subgroups. In all cases, the commander, when creating subgroups, must proceed from the situation that has arisen, the task assigned, and the availability of forces and means. As for snipers, they can be either in an attack or support group, or they can be withdrawn to a separate subgroup, directly carry out the orders of the commander (to monitor, destroy, etc.).

The sequence and content of the work of the commander of the Special Forces unit in organizing the raid

The task for the commander to conduct a raid can be set:

• in its rear even before the withdrawal to the area of ​​​​the task
• in the area of ​​combat operations of groups (by radio)
• in some cases, the commander, being behind enemy lines, can decide on a raid on his own, informing the command before or after the raid

A variant of the sequence and content of the commander’s work when the group is behind enemy lines and receiving the mission for a raid by means of radio communications can be as follows:

• clarification of the received task
• identification of actions that need to be taken immediately
• timing
• issuance of advance directives
• assessment of the situation
• assessment of own forces and means
• decision-making
• return combat order
• organization of interaction

If the commander knows the exact location of the object, he must organize and carry out the withdrawal of the group to the object and its additional reconnaissance. If the exact location of the object is unknown, then the commander organizes, first of all, its reconnaissance (search).
Understanding the task, the commander must understand its content, i.e., on what object, for what purposes and by what time to raid.

When determining the actions that need to be taken immediately, the commander takes into account the state of the group (detachment) - at the assembly point, during the day, after the implementation or before the implementation of any event, etc .; taking into account the availability and condition of weapons, ammunition, the need and possibility of their replenishment, the presence of the wounded, sick, etc.

When calculating time the commander must allocate time for his direct work (making a decision, issuing a combat order and organizing interaction), for practical actions to organize a raid (access to an object, its additional reconnaissance) and for preparing personnel for a raid.

When issuing advance orders the commander indicates, as a rule, those measures that must be carried out immediately in order to carry out the combat mission as quickly and organized as possible (preparation of weapons, equipment, special equipment, instructions for the removal of stocks of material resources of the hiding place, etc.).

Assessment of the situation consists in assessing the enemy, his unit, terrain, weather, time of year and day.

Additional reconnaissance of the object is carried out personally by the commander with the involvement required amount scouts. This should set:

• the exact location of the object
• forces, composition and weapons of the enemy at the facility
• regime at the facility, its security and defense system
• the presence and location of mine-explosive, wire and other obstacles and obstacles when approaching the object and in its location
• hidden approaches to the object and escape routes after the task is completed
• the nearest places of deployment (garrisons) of enemy troops, probable routes and time of their approach

Based on the results of additional reconnaissance of the object, the commander decides, which defines:

• the goals of the raid, the forces and means necessary for its implementation
• time and moment of attack on the object
• where to focus the main efforts during the raid
• formation of battle order, composition and tasks of subgroups (groups)
• methods and procedure for approaching the object
• the procedure for the destruction of manpower, military equipment and materiel of the enemy, the capture of prisoners, documents, weapons and military equipment
• removal of the dead and evacuation of the wounded
• order and route of withdrawal, collection points after the task is completed and their working hours
• the procedure for organizing and maintaining communication, control signals

The most suitable time to raid an object is at night or in conditions of limited visibility (rain, blizzard, fog).
When determining the moment of attack on an object guarded by sentries, it must be remembered that the vigilance of the sentries is usually high for the first time after taking up the post and before the shift.

After deciding on a raid, the commander issues a combat order to the personnel of the group, which indicates:

• information about the enemy at the facility, the presence, composition of nearby garrisons and the possible nature of their actions
• group task and deadline
• composition and tasks of subgroups (groups), their armament
• the procedure for the destruction of manpower, equipment and the capture of prisoners, documents, weapons and equipment
• order and routes of withdrawal, collection points after the completion of the task and their working hours
• the order of evacuation of the wounded and removal of the dead
• control signals
• his place and the place of the deputy

Having issued a combat order, the commander organizes interaction in order to clarify the options for the actions of subgroups (groups) in various conditions of the situation. At the same time, special attention should be paid to the issues of ensuring the actions of subgroups (groups) of capture, evacuation of the wounded and removal of the dead. If there is time, the interaction can be organized on a layout of the area with the designation of the object and its protection system. In the future, scouts can also be trained in subgroups (groups) to perform certain techniques and actions that they have to perform during the raid (removal of sentries, installation of mines and explosive charges, escort of prisoners, evacuation of the wounded and removal of the dead).

The considered order and content of the commander's work in organizing a raid are desirable, i.e., all issues are worked out if there is enough time. In reality, the commander will be put in a very difficult position during the performance of the mission (opposition from the enemy, lack of time, fatigue, etc.). In these cases, the sequence and content of the commander's work will be somewhat different, depending on the situation and the personality of the commander.

The action of personnel on the raid

After issuing a combat order, the personnel silently and covertly advance as close as possible to the object of the raid (to combat positions). The scouts assigned to destroy the guards at the facility are advanced in advance and positioned in places convenient for the attack. The support subgroup (group) occupies the position indicated to it and is prepared to fire in the direction of the most probable appearance of the enemy. Depending on the nature of the terrain and other conditions of the situation, it can take up a firing position at a distance of several tens to several hundred meters from the attack subgroup and be in constant readiness for the immediate opening of fire.

The attack sub-group takes up a starting position for a throw as close as possible to the object behind natural shelters.
The capture subgroup takes place behind the attack subgroup.

At the set time, the commander gives a signal to start operations (for a raid). In this case, the actions of subgroups (groups) can be as follows:

• a subgroup (group) of the attack silently destroys the guards, penetrates the facility and blocks the premises (tents, cars) where the security and service personnel are located. If the enemy detects the subgroup (group) of the attack, it acts boldly and decisively, with fire from small arms, with hand grenades, destroys the personnel of the guard, causes panic in the actions of the enemy and ensures the actions of the subgroup (group) of capture
• after the tasks of the capture subgroup (group) are completed, the attack subgroup retreats to the collection point
• the capture subgroup advances after the attack subgroup, captures prisoners, documents, samples of new weapons
• by laying mines and explosive charges, it prepares the elements of the object for detonation. In the event of enemy resistance, the personnel of the group inflicts as much damage as possible on the enemy object by all available means, after which they leave the object and retreat to the assembly point
• the support subgroup (group) ensures the actions of the attack and capture subgroups, does not allow the enemy to approach the object from the outside (from the outside), and after they complete their tasks, in case of pursuit by the enemy, covers their withdrawal. On the escape route, it can set up minefields and ambush

The withdrawal of the main composition of the troupe (detachment) is carried out at a faster pace, with the traces of withdrawal masked.
The commander must strive to move away from the object of the raid as far as possible in a short time, bearing in mind that the enemy, recovering from an unexpected attack and receiving reinforcements from the garrisons of the military police and troops, as a rule, organizes a pursuit.

To collect OBP, it is advisable to designate the main collection point at a distance of 5-10 km from the object of the raid, and the spare one - at the same distance from the main one. Several alternate muster points may be assigned.