Let's save nature - save life. Thematic class hour “Nature conservation is our concern. Why does this happen?”

“Nature conservation is our concern”

Target: study environmental global problems existing in the world, what impact does it have? economic activity people and how we can help preserve the environment

Tasks:

expand knowledge about the environment;

to cultivate a caring attitude towards the environment;

to form in children a positive attitude towards nature, norms of behavior in nature.

Teacher's opening remarks:

Our lesson is dedicated to ecology. 2013 is the Year of Environmental Protection in Russia, do you know what impact people have on the environment? Having studied all the problems, let's think about what we can do to preserve our nature.

Class progress

Nature is everything that surrounds a person. Nature is divided into living and nonliving. It can be considered as the Universe, as the environment in which we live, as everything that exists. This one is natural environment , in the diversity of its manifestations, has a huge direct influence per person.

« Environment » - this is a more scientific concept. It characterizes the natural conditions and ecological state of a certain area. Even in ancient times, people began to notice patterns in the interaction of animals with each other and with their natural environment.

The relationship between man and nature should always be harmonious, because only this will ensure human health and the quality development of the entire society. Preserving nature in its original form is a reflection of the culture of each person and society as a whole.

World Environment Day introduced General Assembly UN in 1972, celebrated worldwide on June 5th. This date was chosen to commemorate the start of the 1972 Stockholm Conference, which addressed the problems surrounding a person environment.

This is a call on states and organizations to annually hold special events on this day to preserve and restore the environment.

Throughout life, the human body is constantly exposed to the environment. This affects vital activity, health and life expectancy.

Consumption of Earth's resources leads to depletion natural resources, which led to irreversible depletion of the lithosphere and biosphere.

Breeding domestic ungulates has led to the depletion of vegetation, which no longer has time to renew itself. Steppe or savanna gives way to semi-desert. Due to this impact of cattle breeding, there was an increase in the area of the Sahara and the neighboring semi-desert zone - the Sahel.

Waste, industrial and household by-products pollute the biosphere and cause deformation ecological systems, disrupt the global cycle of substances and pose a threat to human health. You are probably familiar with the following expressions: the greenhouse effect, ozone holes, acid rain, smog.

Why does this happen?

The main sources are the combustion of fossil fuels, forest burning, emissions from industrial enterprises, the use of aerosols, and car exhaust gases.

Environmental pollution is one of the most pressing problems; the composition of the atmosphere and climate are changing. Smog is very harmful to living organisms.

Acid precipitation falls to the Earth's surface along with rain, fog, snow or dust. Getting into the lakes acid precipitation often cause the death of fish or the entire animal population.

Changes in the atmosphere are also associated with the destruction of the ozone layer, which is a protective screen from ultraviolet radiation. The process of destruction of the ozone layer occurs especially quickly above the poles of the planet, where so-called ozone holes have appeared.

The “greenhouse effect” is formed from the concentration of toxic gases in the atmosphere and causes global warming and melting of glaciers.

Pollution of natural waters. Humanity is almost entirely dependent on surface waters sushi - rivers and lakes. The water of rivers and lakes covers humanity's needs for drinking water, is used for irrigation in agriculture, in industry, and serves for cooling nuclear and thermal power plants.

Humanity wastes 2200 km3 of water per year. Water consumption is constantly growing, and one of the dangers is the depletion of its reserves. For example, water withdrawal for irrigation from rivers Central Asia led to shallowing Aral Sea, which practically ceased to exist. From the bottom of the dry sea, salt is carried by the wind over hundreds of kilometers, causing salinization of the soil.

No less a formidable phenomenon- pollution of fresh water bodies.

Pollution of water bodies occurs not only with waste industrial production, but also the ingress of organic matter, mineral fertilizers, and pesticides used in agriculture. When organic matter decomposes, many living organisms die and disappear valuable species fish, harmful substances accumulate in the tissues of organisms, sometimes this leads to mutation of living organisms.

The most dangerous pollutants natural environment are thermal power plants, hydroelectric power plants and nuclear power plants, which burn huge volumes of fuel. Millions of cubic meters of harmful and hazardous waste from the operation of thermal power plants almost entirely enter the natural environment.

Soils are another resource that is overexploited and polluted. When plowed improperly, the fertile layer of soil is often washed away by precipitation (water erosion), or scattered by the wind (wind erosion), and ravines are formed. Soil erosion has become a worldwide scourge in the 20th century.

countries caused dust storms and the destruction of millions of hectares of fertile land. Excessive irrigation, especially in hot climates, can cause soil salinization.

A decrease in forest area causes disruption of oxygen and carbon cycles in the biosphere. Although the catastrophic consequences of deforestation are widely known, deforestation continues. Forests on our planet cover an area of about 42 million km2, but their area decreases by 2% every year,

Soil depletion and pollution. Imperfect agricultural production is the main reason for the reduction in the area of fertile soils. When plowed improperly, the fertile layer of soil is often washed away by precipitation (water erosion), or scattered by the wind (wind erosion), and ravines are formed. Soil erosion has become a worldwide scourge in the 20th century.

Plowing of vast steppe areas in Russia and others
countries caused dust storms and the destruction of millions of hectares of fertile land.

Of particular danger are chemicals protection, especially organic compounds, used in agriculture to control pests, diseases and weeds.

Excessive irrigation in hot climates can cause soil salinization. Radioactive soil contamination poses a great danger. Radioactive substances from soils enter plants, then into the bodies of animals and humans, accumulate in them, causing various diseases. Long-lived radioactive elements persist in ecosystems for hundreds of years.

Reduction of natural diversity. Extreme exploitation, pollution, and often just barbaric destruction natural communities lead to sharp decline diversity of living things. The extinction of large animals is dramatic, and they naturally need to be protected. More species of birds and mammals have disappeared from the face of the Earth in the last 300 years than in the previous 10,000 years.

What measures need to be taken to preserve our environment?

Such measures may be:

· Limiting emissions into the atmosphere and hydrosphere in order to improve the overall environmental situation;

· Environmental assessment of all types of production and industrial products;

· Creation of waste-free and low-waste technologies;

· Creation of nature reserves, sanctuaries and national parks in order to preserve natural complexes;

· Limitation of fishing and hunting in order to preserve certain species;

· Restriction of unauthorized waste disposal, construction of special treatment plants;

· Used in agriculture organic fertilizers, observe crop rotation;

· Artificially restore deforested forests.

Now let’s ask ourselves this question: “What can I do to save the environment?”

Do not break trees or bushes;

Plant trees and flowers;

Do not torture animals and birds;

Collect waste paper (so that fewer trees are cut down).

Save natural resources (for example, water, electrical energy);

Use less chemicals and plastic;

Do not use substances that destroy the ozone layer;

Do not litter, maintain cleanliness and assist in cleaning up trash.

Final words from the teacher:

We now know what threatens our environment; if nature dies, we will die too. To prevent this from happening, a person must change his attitude towards nature. And for this it is necessary that every person takes an active part in preserving our natural wealth.

"For fish you need pure water- We will protect our water bodies. There are various valuable animals in the forests, steppes, and mountains - we will protect our forests, steppes, mountains... For fish - water, for birds - air, for animals - forest, steppe, mountains. But a person needs a homeland. And protecting nature means protecting the homeland.”

MKOU"Novokaykent Secondary School"

With. Novokayakent

Kayakent district Republic of Dagestan

(development for Knowledge Day for students in grades 5-11)

MKOU "Novokayakent Secondary School"

Umalatova Ravganiyat Biybulatovna

Novokayakent village

2017

Explanatory note

This class script"Nature Conservation, Science and Technology"It is recommended to conduct it as the first lesson for Knowledge Day on September 1. The script touches on ecological problems nature, the use of new technologies for nature conservation is recommended, and measures necessary for nature conservation are considered. The script was developed for students in grades 5 - 11.

Target: consider environmental problems of nature, propose the use of new technologies for nature conservation and propose measures necessary for nature conservation.

Equipment: projector and screen, computer, laptop or interactive board to demonstrate a presentation.

Class hour scenario “Nature conservation, science and technology”

In an immoral society, all inventions that increase man's power over nature are not only not good, but undoubted and obvious evil.

L. Tolstoy.

Hand class: Guys, our first class hour in 2017 is called

"Nature conservation, science and technology." Cool watch under this name are held in all schools of our large, vast country. The name was not invented in vain. We live with you in a century of great discoveries and technologies. These discoveries and technologies affect nature and humans. Today we will talk about nature, discoveries and new technologies

Presenter 1 : On January 5, 2016, Vladimir Putin signed a Decree on holding in 2017 Russian Federation Year of Ecology.

Presenter 2: The head of state ordered the formation of an organizing committee for the Year of Ecology. The head of the presidential administration of the Russian Federation, Sergei Ivanov, was appointed chairman. The Government has been instructed to ensure the development and approval of a plan of main activities for the Year of Ecology. The executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are recommended to carry out the necessary activities within the framework of the ongoing Year of Ecology.

Presenter 1: On August 1, 2015, the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin signed a decree that 2017 in Russia will also be declared the Year of Specially Protected Natural Areas (SPNA). The event is timed to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the creation of our country’s first state nature reserve- Barguzinsky.

Presenter 2: Holding the Year of Protected Areas will attract public attention to conservation issues natural heritage. Specially protected natural areas- this is one of the most effective forms environmental activities, allowing for complete or partial removal from economic use land and preserve biological and landscape diversity in Russia and on the planet as a whole.

Cl. hands: Nature is the primary source of satisfying the material and spiritual needs of people. Human society is surrounded everywhere by nature. We continuously interact with nature in all possible directions. Nature has a variety of meanings for humans: industrial, scientific, health, aesthetic and educational.

We live in a time when science and technology are highly developed. In our computer age, man applies great harm nature.

Presenter 1: Thanks to centuries-old achievements of science and technology, we now have powerful tools to influence nature. Our achievements enable humans to invade the macrocosm and microcosm, influence the life of the biosphere, transform millions of virgin untouched lands into agricultural fields and monoculture gardens, randomly genetically modify many animal breeds and plant varieties, and create urban landscapes. By invading the life of nature, a person often violates the eternal natural laws and leads to changes in the environment that are undesirable for him. Nowadays, people are faced with the urgent task of preventing the environmental crisis, strengthening nature conservation and wisely using its finite resources.

The progress of mankind is associated with the scientific and technological revolution. It was born slowly and gradually, so that now, in the new millennium, it can give rise to a gigantic ecological collapse.

On the one hand, we are witnessing a qualitative leap in the scientific and technical capabilities of humanity, on the other hand, we are observing a qualitative leap in the terrible means of destroying nature, in military affairs, which can wipe out all life from the face of the Earth.

Presenter 2 : The modern age of computer science and electronics, computers and robots leaves millions of people unemployed; the young and educated are forced to go to the market to trade. Wealth and power are increasingly concentrated in the hands of bankers and oligarchs. Militarism is swelling in the arms race, which ultimately seeks to seize the political levers of control. He really becomes a terribly ugly and extremely dangerous monster of the 21st century. Through the efforts of the arms race, the most advanced scientific and technological achievements are being transformed into weapons of mass destruction of people. Both people themselves and the entire environment suffer from this.

Today one thing becomes clear - scientific and technological progress is obliged to find an answer to the question: how to radically improve the use of non-renewable natural environmental resources, materials, raw materials, energy and fuel at all stages of production - from extraction and processing of raw materials to production finished products. Environmental protection must be a top priority. It's time to reduce energy, material and metal intensity of production. Careful use of resources should become an important source of meeting people's needs for raw materials, fuel and energy.

Cl. hands : Guys, the ecological situation of our area is not better condition. Today our guest is an ecologist from our region. Let's give him the floor.

Ecologist : Speech by an ecologist about ecological condition district.

Cl. hands : Guys, you can ask questions to our guest.

Students : Students ask questions to the ecologist.

Cl. hands: Dear guys, each of us has Cell phones and smartphones. With their help you can do the world better. Guys, try to answer the question: are mobile technologies popular in our country? How do you think?

Students : (students’ answers)

Cl. hands: What are our gadgets capable of?

Student 1 : By using mobile technologies You can save forests from fires, protect animals, save trees, protect nature from garbage and much more.

Student 2 : Video cameras at base stations help monitor the forest. With their help you can determine the location of the fire. You can also use cameras to monitor rare animals in nature reserves. Video cameras are available in many regions of our country.

Student 3: Each student, being at home, can plant a tree,

through the Internet service “Plant a tree”. This helps restore fire-damaged forests.

Cl. hands: Guys, we are surrounded by heaps of garbage everywhere. There is a lot of garbage in the water. It's called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. The exact size is unknown, there is a lot of plastic in it.

Scientists estimate that by 2050 there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish. What can you do to prevent this from happening? What is our situation? How can you help?

Students : We also have a lot of garbage.

Student 4: Take a photo and send it to authorities and environmental activists.

Student 5: Conduct clean-up days to clean yards, forests, and banks. Do not stand on the sidelines, but take an active part with the involvement of your comrades.

Cl. hands: What to do with collected garbage?

Student 6 : Sort and give to factories for processing. Get raw materials for new products, i.e. reuse.

Cl. hands: Guys, we all have a lot of unnecessary things at home, but what do you do with them?

Student 7 : We give it to those who need it. We give a second life to things.

Student 8 : We burn and poison the air with poisonous gases, so you can’t burn garbage. The garbage does not burn completely.

Student 9 : Throw it in the trash. IN natural conditions decompose: food waste - from 2 to 5 weeks, wool sock - 1 year, paper from 2 to 10 years, tin can - 100 years, plastic bottle– 500 years, glass – more than 1000 years.

Cl. hands: Guys, many things contain toxic substances and should not be thrown away. They must be handed over to special collection points. Such things include light bulbs, thermometers, batteries, etc. Recycling things save natural resources and waste little water.

Cl. hands: There are a lot of new inventions to save energy. There are stations operating on environmentally friendly energy sources: solar panels, wind power plants.

Student 10 : In Khabarovsk, a young entrepreneur invented a backpack with built-in solar panels that can charge a smartphone, tablet and laptop.

Student 11 . Once upon a time in the computer, atomic age
A reasonable man walked through the forest.
He threw the cigarette butt into the grass under the bush,
He didn't think at all what would happen next.
But a fire broke out, a fire broke out,
And immediately the entire forest was engulfed in intense heat.
All the animals and birds hurried there,
Where the smartest oak grew by the pond.
The fire rushed after, the fire ate everything,
The oak tree began to burn with a red flame.
He suddenly groaned, for the first time in a century:
“Oh, what are you doing, reasonable man?

Student 12. And how much trouble you bring with you!
And how much misfortune is happening to you!
You hardly think about the future..."
The words froze in a broken phrase.
The ominous fire continued to devour the forest,
And the tiny bunny was waiting for miracles from the sky.
He raised his burnt paws to the sky.
“Save! Save! - he whispered quietly.
And the sky heard a thin call,
And she sent a cloud with rain and thunder.
Now the cloud has opened a retaliatory strike,
The raging fire did not soon subside.

Student 13. And how much trouble he managed to cause,
Although there might not have been a fire.
But just through the forest in the computer age
A smart and strong man walked.
And the tree wants it, the bird wants it
I turn to you, man, with all my heart.
“The planet is one, for you and for us.

Student 14. We need to take care of it not tomorrow - now!
You create miracles with new technology,
And you take the garbage to fields and forests.
Making a lot of discoveries in science,

You are pouring dirty water into the sea.
Stop and think - nature is sick.
She needs your care today."
You need to love from childhood, you need to protect from childhood.
So that strong planet leave as a legacy.

Presenter 1: In RussiaProtection of Nature- a rather neglected matter. TOenvironmentalstudents are little involved in the work. Passive work of schoolchildren in circles of young ecologists, and the ineffective activities of “green” and “blue” patrols, which unite a small number of children. Who now, tell me, monitors the cleanliness of rivers, lakes and ponds, protects fish resources?

Student 15: There are fewer and fewer untouched places on the planet.

Lakes of oil are spilled across the tundra.

And hostile whirlwinds swirl from the pipes...

Live nature- already half dead.

The man brought her to her knees.

We want to rake in more money.

And what after us?

Presenter 2 : The most important condition way out of the environmental crisis is the rapprochement between man andnature, searching for ways for them to live together. This is, first of all, expressed in the desire of many people to leave the city and live on their own land, to cultivate it with their own hands, and not with terrible agricultural machinery. This is how true love is bornnatureand friendship with her. This is how a new generation of people is born who are capable of not only exploitingnature, but also to give oneself, one’s work, one’s life for the goodenvironment, for the goodnature.

Information sources:

1. Sayings of the greats about nature.

2. 2017 - Year of Ecology in Russia

3. Poems about ecology

Katan Anastasia

Research work on ecology

Download:

Preview:

Russia. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Municipal formation of the city of Novy Urengoy.

NOMINATION “GENERAL ECOLOGY”

TOPIC OF THE WORK: “LET'S SAVE NATURE - SAVE THE FUTURE”

HEAD: Reimhe Maria Vladimirovna,

primary school teacher,

MBOU secondary school No. 8

Novy Urengoy

year 2014

Introduction... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 3
Ecology. Global environmental problems. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .page 4
Conclusion. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . page 6
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 7

Introduction

If a person depends on nature, then she also depends on him: she made him - he remakes her.

Anatole France

Relevance of the chosen topic:

MAN IS THE UNIT OF NATURE. Look around! What beautiful plants, various animals, and insects surround us. Nature calms, pleases, surprises, excites.

Our tundra is rich in delicious berries and wonderful mushrooms. Who among us does not go to the forest in the fall to enjoy these gifts of nature? We all go to nature, breathe fresh air, enjoy the flight of crimson, purple and green leaves. And then a little gray bunny slipped by, apparently frightened by the appearance of people. Our nature is unique and enchanting!

Every year in the fall, our whole family also relax in nature, pick mushrooms, berries and simply enjoy the beauty of the forest. And every year I see the same picture: abundance empty bottles, full of garbage bags, cigarette packs. All this darkens my stay in the forest...

And every year I think about the actions of us people. Many questions arise in my head:

“Is it really difficult to take garbage with you after a vacation and throw it in the trash?”;

“Who, if not us, will save and protect our nature?”;

“Why do we, people, relax in nature, inhaling the aroma of flowers and herbs, and then we ourselves destroy it?”;

“Why are we so cruel to what is given to us, what surrounds us?”

I have many questions, but there is only one answer: human carelessness, laziness, irresponsibility, ingratitude... After all, what distinguishes a person from all other living beings is that he knows how to notice the beauty of the world around him and enjoy it.

However, with the advent and development of humanity, gradual destruction occurs flora, extermination of many animals. Every living organism, including humans, changes its environment. With the development of society, the increase in the number of factories and enterprises, human impact on the environment begins to harm it and gradually destroy it.

Let us recall the statement of Yevgeny Yevtushenko, which is a call, a cry in relation to man and nature:

Take care of these lands, these waters,

I love even a small epic.

Take care of all the animals within nature, kill only the animals within yourself!

Reflecting on all this, I wanted to know about the situation that is happening in the world around us, in nature, to understand what human influence on nature is, when it began, and what the threat of this influence is to the future generation.

In the conditions of the modern ecological situation, the interaction between man and nature is very complex, and each of us must understand that without changing people’s consciousness and attitude towards nature, human life can perish much earlier.

Technological progress makes human life easier, but factories, cars and power plants pollute the air we breathe.

Aggressive human impact on nature has led to changes and deterioration of the environment, food quality, and the emergence of diseases. Deforestation, pollution of lakes and reservoirs due to environmental disasters, poaching, forest fires, floods... The list goes on. All this is the result of thoughtless human activity. In this regard, many extremely acute problems arise, primarily environmental ones.

Therefore the mainthe purpose of my work:call for respect for the environment, preserve our wonderful nature for the future generation and prove that nature is the main factor in human health.

We will get acquainted with the terms “ecology”, “environmental safety”, highlight the rules of personal environmental safety and we will try to prove that the Earth is our home, if we preserve our home, we will preserve our health.

Object of study:us and the world around us.

Subject of study:the impact of human activities on the environment.

Hypothesis: If people are taught to respect the environment, the next generation will not face many of the problems that exist now.

Practical significance: this work will help to interest many people who care about nature and will give them the opportunity to think about their attitude to the world around us. After all, everyone can contribute and help preserve our beautiful nature!

Ecology. Global environmental problems.

What is ecology?

Ecology is the science of the connections between living organisms and the environment. These connections are life on Earth. Humanity is also part of this life. It arose as a result of the development of living nature, is connected with it by all roots, and exists at its expense.

Translated from Greek, “oikos” means house, and “logos” means science. We can say that ecology is the science of home, planet Earth. The term “ecology” was first used in 1866 by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919). Environmental safety – protection from the harmful effects of the environment.

Let's consider global environmental problems and determine ways to solve them.

Global environmental problems and ways to solve them.

Today, the environmental situation in the world can be described as close to critical.

We enjoy swimming in the river, picking mushrooms and berries, and breathing fresh forest air after a thunderstorm. But do we like everything in nature? Some animals cause fear in us, while others are unpleasant for us to look at.

Stop! Remember: every plant, every Living being amazing and needed by nature! There is nothing superfluous in it! Loving nature means not touching it, not preventing it from living according to its own laws.

Therefore, among the global environmental problems I would like to note the following:

Thousands of species of plants and animals have been destroyed and continue to be destroyed, some of them are listed in the Red Book.

Red Book – this is a list of rare and endangered plants, animals and fungi;

forest cover has been largely destroyed due to deforestation and fires;
natural waters are polluted;
the atmosphere in many places is polluted to the maximum permissible levels, and fresh air becomes scarce;
surface pollution and disfigurement of natural landscapes: not a single one can be found on Earth square meter surfaces, wherever there are no artificially created elements.

The destructive attitude of man towards nature becomes completely obvious. Currently, human economic activity is becoming the main source of environmental pollution. Industrial waste is released into the natural environment, which then enters the soil, air or water and, ultimately, into the human body. When toxic substances enter the human body, they cause various diseases that can become chronic, some of which cause mutations, cancer and lead to death.
To protect yourself from the harmful effects of pollutants and toxic substances, you must follow the basic rules of personal environmental safety.

Here are the rules of environmental safety. Below the rules is a list of words. Now we will determine what rules we need to follow in order to preserve and keep our health strong.

Now let’s find out what measures are needed to solve global environmental problems.

Take care of the plants and animals living near us;
2. Protect and restore forests, protect them from fires, pests and diseases;
3. Use water carefully, oblige enterprises to use a wastewater treatment system, use garbage collection ships and oil skimmers to clean water bodies.

4. Greening cities and industrial centers, replace cars with electric vehicles, install smoke eliminators in factories.

5. The state sets standards for fishing, bans on whaling, and creates public organizations for environmental protection, for example, GREENPEACE.

Another direction for solving the environmental problem, and perhaps in the future the most important of all, is the formation in society of environmental consciousness, people’s understanding of nature as another living being that cannot be dominated without damage to it and oneself. Each of us must know the rules of behavior in nature and strictly follow them.(Annex 1)

Conclusion.

Nature is the environment of life and the source of human existence. In our country, nature conservation is a matter national importance. Everyone must treat all living things with care and follow the rules of behavior in nature.

Environmental education and upbringing in society should be focused on state level, in schools and kindergartens it is necessary to conduct conversations with children on the topic of respect for nature, conduct open lessons. After all, each of us can make a significant contribution to the protection and preservation of our nature.And if we, people, do not take care of our nature, our native land, everything that nature gives us, then the future generation simply will not be able to survive in the gradually emerging natural conditions, in the ecology that will exist in a few generations.

Enjoy the beauty of your native nature, green meadows and forests, the sonorous singing of birds, the fluttering of butterflies and dragonflies. Observe the life of nature, study it and love it!

References:

Illustrated Encyclopedia of Facts/Ed. Dyleiko A.A., Zaritskaya T.A., Maruk V.A., Tikhonovich V.E.-SPb.: Belfax, 1999. – 504 p.: ill.
The world around us: Textbook. for 2nd grade four years old. beginning school/ Vinogradova N.F. – 2nd ed., revised. – M.: Education, 1997. – 192 p.:, ill.
Fundamentals of ecology: Textbook. for 9th grade general education institutions/ Chernova N.M., Galushin V.M., Konstantinov V.M. – M.: Education, 1997. – 240 pp.: ill.
Pochemuchka/Dietrich A.K., Yurmin G.A., Koshurnikova R.V. – 3rd ed., rev. and additional – M.: Pedagogy, 1991. – 384 p.: ill.
Encyclopedia for children. Volume 19. Ecology/Chapter. ed. Volodin V.A., leading scientific ed. Vilchek G.E., resp. ed. Ananyeva E.G. – M.: Avanta+, 2003. – 448 pp.: ill.
Link to Internet resources: htt://domznaniy.ru/, http://dishisvobodno.ru/, http://injstroj.ru/.

Annex 1

Rules of behavior in nature

MKOU "Novokayakent Secondary School"

With. Novokayakent

Kayakent district Republic of Dagestan

(development for Knowledge Day for students in grades 5-11)

MKOU "Novokayakent Secondary School"

Umalatova Ravganiyat Biybulatovna

Novokayakent village

Explanatory note

This scenario for the class hour “Nature conservation, science and technology” is recommended to be taught as the first lesson for Knowledge Day on September 1. The scenario touches on environmental problems of nature, recommends the use of new technologies for nature conservation, and discusses the measures necessary for nature conservation. The script was developed for students in grades 5 - 11.

Target: consider environmental problems of nature, propose the use of new technologies for nature conservation and propose measures necessary for nature conservation.

Equipment: a projector and screen, computer, laptop or interactive whiteboard for demonstrating a presentation.

Class hour scenario “Nature conservation, science and technology”

In an immoral society, all inventions that increase man's power over nature are not only not good, but undoubted and obvious evil.

L. Tolstoy.

Hand class: Guys, our first class hour in 2017 is called

"Nature conservation, science and technology." Classes under this name are held in all schools of our large, vast country. The name was not invented in vain. We live with you in a century of great discoveries and technologies. These discoveries and technologies affect nature and humans. Today we will talk about nature, discoveries and new technologies

Presenter 1: On January 5, 2016, Vladimir Putin signed a Decree on holding the Year of Ecology in the Russian Federation in 2017.

Presenter 1: On August 1, 2015, the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin signed a decree that 2017 in Russia will also be declared the Year of Specially Protected Natural Areas (SPNA). The event is timed to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the creation of the first state nature reserve in our country - Barguzinsky.

Presenter 2: Holding the Year of Protected Areas will help attract public attention to the issues of preserving natural heritage. Specially protected natural areas are one of the most effective forms of environmental protection, allowing for the complete or partial withdrawal of land from economic use and the preservation of biological and landscape diversity in Russia and on the planet as a whole.

We live in a time when science and technology are highly developed. In our computer age, people cause great harm to nature.

Presenter 2: The modern age of computer science and electronics, computers and robots leaves millions of people unemployed; the young and educated are forced to go to the market to trade. Wealth and power are increasingly concentrated in the hands of bankers and oligarchs. Militarism is swelling in the arms race, which ultimately seeks to seize the political levers of control. He really becomes a terribly ugly and extremely dangerous monster of the 21st century. Through the efforts of the arms race, the most advanced scientific and technological achievements are turning into weapons of mass destruction of people. Both people themselves and the entire environment suffer from this.

Today one thing becomes clear - scientific and technological progress must find an answer to the question: how to radically improve the use of non-renewable natural environmental resources, materials, raw materials, energy and fuel at all stages of production - from the extraction and processing of raw materials to the release of finished products. Environmental protection must be a top priority. It's time to reduce energy, material and metal intensity of production. Careful use of resources should become an important source of meeting people's needs for raw materials, fuel and energy.

Cl. hands: Guys, the ecological situation of our area is not in the best condition. Today our guest is an ecologist from our region. Let's give him the floor.

Ecologist: Speech by an ecologist on the ecological state of the area.

Cl. hands: Guys, you can ask questions to our guest.

Students: Students ask questions to the ecologist.

Cl. hands: Dear guys, each of us has mobile phones and smartphones. With their help you can make the world around you better. Guys, try to answer the question: are mobile technologies popular in our country? How do you think?

Students: (students’ answers)

Cl. hands: What are our gadgets capable of?

Student 1: With the help of mobile technologies you can save forests from fires, protect animals, save trees, protect nature from garbage and much more.

Student 2: Video cameras at base stations help monitor the forest. With their help you can determine the location of the fire. You can also use cameras to monitor rare animals in nature reserves. Video cameras are available in many regions of our country.

Student 3: Each student, being at home, can plant a tree,

through the Internet service “Plant a tree”. This helps restore fire-damaged forests.

Scientists estimate that by 2050 there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish. What can you do to prevent this from happening? What is our situation? How can you help?

Students: We also have a lot of garbage.

Student 4: Take a photo and send it to authorities and environmental activists.

Student 5: Conduct clean-up days to clean yards, forests, and banks. Do not stand on the sidelines, but take an active part with the involvement of your comrades.

Cl. hands: What to do with collected garbage?

Student 6: Sort and give to factories for processing. Obtain raw materials for new products, i.e. recycling.

Cl. hands: Guys, we all have a lot of unnecessary things at home, but what do you do with them?

Student 7: We give it to those who need it. We give a second life to things.

Student 8: We burn and poison the air with poisonous gases, so you can’t burn garbage. The garbage does not burn completely.

Student 9: Throw it in the trash. Under natural conditions, they decompose: food waste - from 2 to 5 weeks, a wool sock - 1 year, paper from 2 to 10 years, a tin can - 100 years, a plastic bottle - 500 years, glass - more than 1000 years.

Cl. hands: There are a lot of new inventions to save energy. There are stations operating on environmentally friendly energy sources: solar panels, wind power plants.

Student 10: In Khabarovsk, a young entrepreneur invented a backpack with built-in solar panels that can charge a smartphone, tablet and laptop.

Student 11. Once upon a time in the computer, atomic age
A reasonable man walked through the forest.
He threw the cigarette butt into the grass under the bush,
He didn't think at all what would happen next.
But a fire broke out, a fire broke out,
And immediately the entire forest was engulfed in intense heat.
All the animals and birds hurried there,
Where the smartest oak grew by the pond.
The fire rushed after, the fire ate everything,
The oak tree began to burn with a red flame.
He suddenly groaned, for the first time in a century:
“Oh, what are you doing, reasonable man?

Student 14. We need to take care of it not tomorrow - now!
You create miracles with new technology,
And you take the garbage to fields and forests.
Making a lot of discoveries in science,

You are pouring dirty water into the sea.
Stop and think - nature is sick.
She needs your care today."
You need to love from childhood, you need to protect from childhood.
To leave a strong planet as a legacy.

Presenter 1: In Russia, nature conservation is a rather neglected matter. TO environmental students are little involved in the work. Passive work of schoolchildren in circles of young ecologists, and the ineffective activities of “green” and “blue” patrols, which unite a small number of children. Who now, tell me, monitors the cleanliness of rivers, lakes and ponds, protects fish resources?

Student 15: There are fewer and fewer untouched places on the planet.

Lakes of oil are spilled across the tundra.

And hostile whirlwinds swirl from the pipes...

Wildlife is already half a corpse.

The man brought her to her knees.

We want to rake in more money.

And what after us?

Presenter 2: The most important condition for overcoming the environmental crisis is the rapprochement of man and nature, the search for ways for them to live together. This is, first of all, expressed in the desire of many people to leave the city and live on their own land, to cultivate it with their own hands, and not with terrible agricultural machinery. This is how true love for nature and friendship with it is born. This is how a new generation of people is born, capable of not only exploiting nature, but also giving themselves, their work, their lives for the good environment, for the benefit of nature.

Information sources:

1.http://eco.vrnlib.ru/vyskazyvaniya-velikix-o-prirode/ Statements of the great about nature.

2.http://kuglib.ru/publ/prioritet_goda/god/2017_god_ehkologii/13-1-0-287 2017 - Year of Ecology in Russia

3.http://pandia.ru/text/80/141/6487.php Poems about ecology

4. http://www.duhzemli.ru/ohrana-prirody/01-environment.html Encyclopedia of environmental protection

Goals: nurturing a sense of love for nature, respect for all living things; help students realize their moral responsibility for the fate of their native land; formation of ecological culture.

Epigraph: People cannot be allowed to

headed for their destruction

those forces of nature that they

managed to open and conquer.

F. Joliot-Curie

1. The meaning of nature for humans.

2. Is there currently a threat to nature and human life?

3. What is the environmental situation in our city?

4. What impact does the environment have on people's health?

5. What can each of us do to preserve nature?

Taking part in the briefing:

– ecologist,

– representative of the nature protection committee,

– medical worker,

- economist.

The role of specialists is played by students in grades 9–11, who have prepared their reports in advance using the literature recommended by the teacher.

On the issue “Ecological situation in our city,” a video recording is shown during the speech.

Class progress

I. Introductory speech by the teacher about the meaning of nature for humans.

The music of J. Strauss “Tales of the Vienna Woods” is played.

Leading(teacher). The sages and dreamers of the past have more than once tried to list the “wonders of the world” - miracles created by nature and created by human hands. They talked about seven miracles, searched for and found the eighth, but it seems no one ever mentioned the miracle of miracles - the only one known to us in the Universe. This miracle is our planet itself, together with the atmosphere - the container and guardian of life. And for now it continues to remain unique, incomparable, greatest, mysterious and amazing. The only one, because the rest of the planets in our solar system are, with a high degree of probability, lifeless, and we have not yet discovered habitable planets around other stars. The greatest, because it contains all the mysteries that have long troubled humanity - the mysteries of the birth and history of the planet itself, the mysteries of the origin of life, intelligence, and the future destinies of civilization.

This miracle is Nature. Man is a part of it. Nature provides food for man. Wind and sun, forest and water give us common joy, shape our character, make it softer and more poetic. People are inextricably linked with nature through thousands of threads. Human life depends on the state of nature. “Save nature - save life”– topic of the briefing.

Our briefing is attended by: ecologist (full name), representative of the nature protection committee (full name), medical worker (full name), economist (full name) .

Aerodromes,

and platforms,

forests without birds

and lands without water...

Less and less of the surrounding nature.

More and more - the environment.

There are only four lines of R. Rozhdestvensky’s poem, but they contain the very essence of the most serious changes taking place in the nature of the Earth. We the people beginning of the XXI centuries, almost unnoticed by themselves, they turned out to be both witnesses and culprits of these changes. How can they turn out for today and future generations? Let's give the floor to leading experts.

II. Speeches by specialists.

The presenter names the issues that need to be considered at the briefing and invites specialists to speak.

– Is there currently a threat to nature and human life?

An ecologist provides information on this issue.

Ecologist. Far-sighted, caring people have always been concerned about environmental problems. Thus, Yaroslav the Wise by law limited the production of swans, beavers and other valuable animals.

The decree of Peter I of 1718 prescribed that “those who cut down oak forest and will continue to cut down, as well as those who order cutting, cutting out their nostrils and ears, to be punished with batogs, should be sent to hard labor.” With the same decree, Peter I demanded the construction of treatment facilities within St. Petersburg and obliged all citizens to ensure cleanliness around their homes and on their streets.

According to the Decree of 1719 on the protection of reservoirs: “... if anyone defiles the Neva with garbage or other impurities, he will be sentenced to be beaten with a whip or exiled to Siberia...”.

For millennia, human encroachment into nature has expanded. But especially great changes in the environment occurred during the era of the scientific and technological revolution. And they are not always positive.

Scientific and technological progress has brought and continues to bring many conveniences and comfort to people. It made work easier and allowed us to go into space. It is impossible to stop or even slow it down, just as it is impossible to force a person to stop thinking, daring, creating... Unfortunately, not everyone understands the importance of environmental protection. Nature began to send alarming signals and change. The culprits of these changes are people and the factories they created, power plants, mines, transport, as well as cities...

A few decades ago, Academician V.I. Vernadsky, the creator of the science of biogeochemistry, warned against a predatory attitude towards nature and its riches: there can only be one result - its complete destruction.

The expression “necessary as air” did not arise by chance. A person can live without food for weeks, without water for days, and without air for minutes.

Over the past 25–30 years, transport and industry have taken more oxygen from the atmosphere than humanity consumed in the entire anthropogen, that is, in 2–3 million years. Sulfur, nitrogen, zinc, potassium, and toxic substances are released into the atmosphere. Only 5 billion tons of carbon dioxide are emitted annually in the world, which can lead to warming and partial melting polar ice and rising sea levels. The possible negative consequences for humanity in this case are difficult to even imagine.

More than 50 Russian cities have levels of environmental pollution that exceed sanitary standards.

The problem of clean sources is becoming more acute fresh water.

Forests - the “lungs of the planet”, reliable filters of the atmosphere - are being cut down faster than they are growing. Each cubic meter of wood is almost half a ton of carbon dioxide absorbed from the air.

Biologists have already proven that genetic information, transmitted to subsequent generations by a living cell, can be distorted and disrupted under the influence of so-called “mutants”. These include radiation, active chemical substances, toxic chemicals, pesticides, some metals.

For centuries, everything has been dumped into the seas and oceans without any restrictions, including radioactive waste. Numerous oil tanker accidents lead to the death of fish, crabs, seabirds.

Leading. The facts cited by the ecologist are alarming. They may seem distant to you.

– What is the environmental situation in our city?

The floor is given to a representative of the Nature Protection Committee.

R epresentative of the Nature Protection Committee...

The speech is accompanied by a demonstration of video clips characterizing the environmental situation in the city, and ends with a poem:

And only Nature gasps...

Spring! The streams do not stop:

Streams in a riot - here and there.

And they flow into our lake

And fertilizers and fuel oil.

The whole coast became like a landfill -

What, what is not here:

Scraps, old washcloths,

Scraps of books and newspapers...

Those landfills are growing year by year

Along the banks of lakes and rivers,

And Nature laments:

– Why all this, Man?!

I'm walking through the taiga valley...

And again - bitter words:

The tops of the pines have dried up,

The leaves fell from the birch trees,

On the herbs - black sores -

Trouble everywhere you look...

And the huntsman explained to me gloomily:

- And what? Acid rain…

... The forest cried, as if in bad weather,

The creaking complaint of cripples,

And I heard the groan of Nature:

– What have you done, Man?!

Once on a tourist voyage

I wanted to swim.

But I took a walk near the beach

And, believe me, I didn’t dare take off my clothes.

The water smelled like poison -

The smells came in waves.

Not the sea - a gutter

She splashed quietly in front of me.

Factories smoked in the distance,

Our cosmic age was noisy.

But the crown of Nature was sad -

Her creation is Man.

Our mind has become Nature's yoke!

Wouldn't it suddenly happen like this?

What do we care about the Red Book?

Is it just a step away?

From thermonuclear reactions

And from chemical innovations

More than once the thread of posterity was torn.

Wave of monstrous mutations

Threatens to flood the planet.

Everything can be, everything can happen...

The question is blunt: to be or not to be?

Nobody has that question for us

And he won’t think to decide.

Meanwhile, hour after hour

We continue to do evil.

And now there are no forest reserves,

You can no longer drink in the river.

Rockets hit the sky

Disturbing our peaceful overnight stay,

And Nature just gasps:

- Are you my son, Man?

V. Glebov

Leading. The environmental situation in our city is also not encouraging and makes everyone think.

– What impact does the environment have on people's health?

A medical professional provides information.

Medical worker. Air pollution is 43–45% responsible for deteriorating public health. Health status is also influenced by the quality drinking water. In the Amur, Kurgan, Kemerovo, Novgorod regions and the Mordovian Republic, the direct influence of chemical pollution on the occurrence of diseases of the central nervous system, hepatitis, toxicosis during pregnancy, an increase in stillborn children and congenital anomalies.

Bacterial and viral pollution of Russian rivers creates a constant danger of epidemiological outbreaks of intestinal infections. In many regions of our country, there is an excess of the permissible level of pesticides in the soil, which leads to children becoming ill with anemia and tuberculosis.

In areas exposed to radioactive contamination as a result of accidents in Chelyabinsk and Chernobyl, the number of people suffering from leukemia and endocrine diseases has increased. Scientists have registered an increase in overall mortality of 17–24%.

Many plants and animal organisms become accumulators of metals and persistent chemical compounds, their consumption is dangerous to health.

Leading. Changing the environment most directly affects human health, his biology, and all living things. Reckless human activity in relation to nature has brought 1,000 vertebrate species to the brink of extinction. The Red Book includes: 115 species of animals, 25% of birds and 44% of animals that are on the verge of extinction. 118 species of mammals and 127 species of birds have already disappeared from the face of the Earth. 35 million people live in the environmental disaster zone in Russia. Huge damage Nature brings accidents, natural disasters (drought, floods, earthquakes...).

– What can each of us do to preserve nature?

The floor is given to the economist.

Economist. First of all, it is necessary to create safe technologies, treatment facilities, we also need hospitals with modern equipment... This requires huge funds. There aren't enough of them yet. It is necessary to learn to respect natural resources and communities.

According to scientists, it takes 2000 years for a layer of soil 5 cm thick to form in nature. This greatest wealth was created over centuries, millennia. We must cherish it and protect it from destructive consequences.

What exactly can every schoolchild do to preserve nature? (Draws everyone’s attention to the poster.)

Poster

“Be active defenders of the natural environment!”

Follow the rules of behavior in the forest, on the banks of water bodies...

Follow the rules for collecting forest products (mushrooms, medicinal plants...).

Take care of our smaller brothers (ants, birds, hedgehogs...).

Decorate the city and village in green attire.

III. Final part (summary).

Leading. So, protecting nature concerns us all. We all breathe the same air of the Earth, drink water and eat bread, the molecules of which continuously participate in the endless cycle of substances. And we ourselves are thinking particles of Nature. This places a huge responsibility for its safety on each of us, each and every one without exception. Each of us can and must contribute to the fight for the preservation of Nature, and therefore life on Earth.

Listen to the poem:

Take care of the Earth!

Take care

Lark in blue zenith,

Butterfly on dodder leaves,

There are sun glares on the path...

Take care of young shoots

At the green festival of nature,

Sky in stars, ocean and land

And a soul that believes in immortality, -

All destinies are connected by threads.

Take care of the Earth!

Take care...

M. Dudin

The song “Birches” performed by N. Rastorguev (recorded) is played.

Quiz Questions:

1. What is fish kill? (The death of fish under the ice is due to a lack of oxygen in the water, so in winter it is necessary to make holes in the rivers so that there is air access to the water.)
2. Name an animal in water bodies that is a real living filter
(Snail. By passing water through itself, the snail cleanses it. That is why snails are placed in aquariums.)
3. How can you help a tree if there is a wound on the trunk?
(Coat with clay to prevent pathogenic microbes from entering.)
4. Why can’t you pick flowers?
(They do not have time to produce seeds.)
5. Name the forest's animal friends.
(Ants, woodpeckers.)
6. Name the main insidious enemy of the forest.
(Fire in the forest.)
7. Can a mushroom eat a tree?
(Yes, tinder fungi destroy wood, turning it into dust.)
8. Why is hunting for fur-bearing animals strictly prohibited in the spring?
(Animals are molting - the fur is unusable, but the main thing is that in the spring the animals give birth to offspring, which must be fed, raised, and taught to survive.)
9. Who are fledglings? Why can't you touch them?
(Chicks that fell out of the nest.)
10. Why shouldn’t you touch birds’ eggs in nests with your hands?
(Many birds abandon their nest after this.)
11. Why do you need to make bird feeders and feed them in winter?
(In winter, birds are afraid not of cold, but of hunger: it is difficult to find food under the snow.)
12. What do tits eat in winter, when all the insects are sleeping?
(In winter, tits look for hidden insects, their eggs, larvae in cracks and cracks in the bark of trees and eat them.)
13. Which tree is considered a symbol of Russia?
(Birch)

14. What is “ silent hunt"? (Mushroom picking)
15. Which bird is considered a symbol of wisdom and knowledge? (Owl.)
16. Who is called the forest doctor? (Woodpecker.)
17. What kind of wood are matches made from? (Aspens.)
18. Which of the animals are called by their patronymic? (To the fox.)
19. What bird can count the years of our life? (Cuckoo.)
20. Which animal is the national pride of Russia? (Sable.)
21. Who is called the forest orderly? (Wolf.)

IX. Slide show.

Teacher:

The time has come to think: will future generations of the Earth survive, will children of the 21st century be able to swim in the river, the sea, walk in the forest, inhale the scent of flowers?

In a day, about 100 species of plants and animals disappear on Earth, the forest area is reduced by 15 million hectares and billions of tons of soil turn into dust.

Take care of your planet

After all, there is no other one in the world!