Since ancient times, man has conquered nature and used it for his own purposes. The last two centuries have witnessed rapid growth in industry and population. Increase anthropogenic impact on the environment has given rise to environmental problems that have become a serious threat not only to the future of all mankind, but also to our planet as a whole. In our time, we are increasingly thinking: what can each of us do to stop the process of pollution and rapid change environment? In this article Marina Artyukh, Head of Communications at the Siberian Health / SiberianWellness Corporation and curator of the Ecology course of the SiberianChallenge project, will tell you exactly what environmental problems we are facing now and what our children will have to face later.

1. The problem of polluted air

The air contains a large number of pollutants, including solid components: sulfur dioxide, nitrogen, oxides of nitrogen and carbon. The main sources of air pollution are industrial enterprises and vehicles. Their influence on the state of the air is especially noticeable in cities.

In 2018, the state report "On the state and protection of the environment of the Russian Federation in 2016" was published. According to him, from 2007 to 2014 the air became cleaner, as the volume of emissions was reduced from 35 million tons to 31 million tons per year, but in 2015 and 2016 there was no change in the amount of emissions. At the same time, about 45% of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere are due to road transport. The most polluted Russian cities named Yekaterinburg, Blagoveshchensk and Dzerzhinsk, and the most fresh air in Salekhard, Orenburg, Belgorod and Murmansk.

2. Scarcity of water resources

Water is a vital resource for all life on Earth. Population growth increases the need for its consumption. Russia with its fresh water reserves will be affected much later than the rest of the world, however over the past 10 years, there has been a decrease in the amount of fresh water in the country from 4884 cubic kilometers in 2007 to 4441 cubic kilometers in 2016.

There is also contamination fresh water: one of the greatest Russian rivers Volga called "dirty". Its waters contain a large amount organic matter and minerals: copper, iron, sulfates and phenol. These substances come with industrial waste, which do not clean at all or clean, but not well enough. Part of the problem of dirty water is connected with the urbanization of the population: waste also flows through biological treatment plants. The water purification system at aeration stations does not cause any complaints, but a large number of pipes through which water flows directly to houses and apartments have long been exhausted. Accordingly, these corroded pipes contaminate the water entering the houses with iron and other substances.

It is important to note that river pollution is one of the reasons for the reduction water resources. Together with uncontrolled fishing and poaching, this may soon lead to a serious impoverishment of the fauna of our rivers and lakes.

3. The problem of depletion of biological resources

The problem covers the degradation of vegetation and forests, the reduction in the diversity of species of living beings, the digression of pastures and other negative trends. The main cause of the problem is human anthropogenic activity. Environmental pollution, poaching and unauthorized deforestation lead to the destruction or change of habitual habitats of living species. In our time, we are seeing how some species of animals, plants, insects and fish are on the verge of extinction.

At the same time, our country is characterized by irrational use of forest resources: consumption exceeds recovery. A separate negative factor affecting the reduction of forest land is forest fires and illegal logging. Yes, in 2663.5 thousand hectares of forests were destroyed by forest fires in 2016, which is comparable in size to the size of such states as Rwanda or Macedonia.

Half of the territory of our country is occupied by woody vegetation. Russia's forests make up about a quarter of the world's forests. Manifold climatic zones allows many species of living beings to live on the territory of our country. If the trend in the degradation of vegetation and forests, the reduction in the diversity of species of living beings does not change, then many species of animals, fish and plants will not survive to future generations, real forests will become smaller and the amount of oxygen in the air will decrease.

4. Depletion of land resources

Our children will face a severe shortage of various minerals. But in order to reduce their consumption, you just need to learn how to process waste and develop it. reuse. Such a reasonable approach will reduce the size of the sprawling landfills that pollute the soil.

And here we are faced with another problem: every day a city person “produces” about 1 kilogram household waste . Most of the garbage is plastic, which does not decompose. For a year people store over 85 billion tons of waste. This not only reduces quality land, but also pollutes the planet with pesticides, household and industrial waste, solid and liquid waste. Simple waste sorting and reuse saves on the extraction of new minerals and prevents clogging of the soil. For enterprises, the use of recycled materials is an opportunity to reduce the cost of quarrying. The production of goods from recycled materials allows reduce costs for the enterprise by up to 80%. Solid pluses!

5. Soil-geomorphological problems

Use of forest resources and active management Agriculture leads to the fact that the soil becomes clogged and erosion appears in it. For 2014, according to the Ministry of Agriculture economy of Russia, over 8 million hectares of agricultural land have been degraded. More than 2 million hectares of them belong to the category of agricultural land. But here, too, the situation can be saved if erosion is caused by land use: it is necessary to create forest belts that will protect against wind and from changes in the type and density of vegetation, and introduce certain planting technologies.

The second side of the problem lies in aggressive use soils for agricultural land. This leads to a decrease in humus in the soil - in some southern regions this figure compared to 1990 amounted to almost 50%. To replenish soil resources, it is necessary to add organic fertilizers. If this is not done, then in the near future we risk facing a decrease in land fertility and, as a result, a shortage of food.

6. Ozone layer change and global warming

The ozone layer is our protection against ultraviolet radiation. Its destruction leads to an increase in the risk of developing various diseases, including skin cancer. At the same time, the temperature of the surface atmospheric layer gradually increases. Over the past century, it has grown by 0.3-0.8 degrees. Warming leads to a reduction in snow cover in the north and, as a result, to a rise in the level of the world's oceans. If we consider statistics only for Russia, then over the past 10 years in the country, the speed average annual temperature is almost 0.5 degrees. With global warming, everything is ambiguous. The time during which humanity exists is negligible for the planet. Throughout the history of its existence, there have already been ice ages, and warming. Maybe one of them is just coming.

At the same time, each of us can slow down the destruction of the ozone layer. To do this, you need to reduce the consumption of sprays with deodorants, fresheners, walk more often, ride a bike, use public transport.

7. Diseases as a consequence of environmental pollution

Along with growth technological process the rate of air pollution is increasing. The fact is that every day people inhale more than 19 thousand liters of air, in which, in addition to oxygen, there are various gases and particles. These are carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, soot, zinc. According to research conducted by the International Energy Agency, Russia ranks fifth in terms of mortality due to poor ecology - about 140 thousand people die every year. This figure is equal to the population of an entire city in the Moscow region.

dropdown acid rain pollute the soil and water bodies with sulfuric and nitric acids. They are contained in in large numbers aluminum and cobalt, which destroy forest vegetation and reduce yields. Toxic compounds get into the water we drink and have a detrimental effect on health.

How to improve the ecological situation?

All of the above problems are already tangible for our generation. In 20–30 years, they will only become more acute and urgent, so it is important to understand how to deal with them in order to protect your children from them. Many countries are already using alternative fuels and vehicles to reduce emissions. In Europe, it is quite common to see people moving around in electric cars and bicycles. Another way to solve problems is to separate garbage into those that can be recycled and those that are not suitable as recyclables.

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Ecology is not just a buzzword that is used where it is necessary and not necessary. The planet we live on is not that big, and there is no spare one yet. The “crown of nature”, Man, treated his only place of residence in such a way that the Earth can no longer independently restore its planetary health: the ecological crisis is becoming more and more threatening. Only ecologically sensible behavior of every inhabitant of the planet can help save it from gradual destruction.

But for this it is necessary to form a new, responsible type of thinking, to instill an ecological culture in new generations.

At the end of the 20th century, a term appeared - the ecology of personality, which became one of the aspects of morality. Impossible to bring up moral person without instilling in him a culture of respect for the world in which he lives.

The importance of environmental education for the development of a child's personality

  • Ecological education of children is not only a willingness to protect nature, but also the formation of the foundations of morality.
  • Obtaining new knowledge about the world around us, the processes taking place in it and living organisms living next to a person contributes to the development of intelligence.
  • The ability to feel the beauty of nature develops an aesthetic sense.
  • Observations for natural phenomena, plants, animals develop attention, the ability to concentrate, memory.
  • Caring for plants and animals helps to cultivate accuracy and responsibility, responsiveness and the ability to sympathize.


Lately in in social networks often there are reports of cruelty to animals and people. All this is the consequences of omissions in education, the lack of a moral attitude towards nature, an unformed ability to empathize.

The most suitable time to start educating an environmental culture is preschool age. It is at this time that the foundations of the personality are laid and the attitude to the world is formed.

As in everything else, the main tool of education is the personal example of adults. Parents can say a lot of words, but if at the same time the father does not consider it shameful to kick the cat, the mother takes the annoying dog to the shelter, and together they leave mountains of garbage at the picnic site - the words will turn out to be meaningless.

The garden can be a great living corner. But classes in it will not leave a big mark if, in front of the children, the teacher drives away with stones a mongrel that accidentally wandered onto the playground.

Unfortunately, many parents and teachers do not pay enough attention to the ecology of the personality of their pupils. As a result, a person can be formed with deformed ideas about morality, morality, humanity and the responsibility of each person for the living conditions of all mankind.


A small child cognizes the world with all senses. He wants to grab everything interesting, feel it with all his senses, test it for strength. It is at this age that one can and should begin to form a careful attitude towards all living things.

Tells Alina, veterinarian:

“When I was 4 years old, we rested with my grandmother in the village. There were some pretty chickens there. They were so cute, fluffy, that I wanted to squeeze them all the time. And I crushed one to death. At some point, I accidentally clenched my fist with the chicken so hard that I just crushed it. It was so terrible that it is forever engraved in my memory. I will never forget this shock from the first contact with death, moreover, caused to a small helpless creature by myself. Probably, it was the feeling of guilt for that incident that led me to the veterinary medicine.

Parents need to teach their child to observe nature and animals. Explain that a person, even if he is still a child, is stronger and smarter than other living beings. And therefore, his duty is to protect and care, not to offend or destroy.

The child may not understand why it is bad to tear off the wings of a butterfly, drag a cat by the tail, scare away the birds. The task of parents and educators is to tactfully explain what pain and fear are, that all living beings experience them.

The direct contact of younger preschoolers with wildlife should occur with the participation of adults, under their control.

  • You can learn to gently stroke a cat and a dog - so that both parties get pleasure from the process.
  • It is useful to watch birds or squirrels - quietly, patiently and carefully so as not to frighten. Adults should draw the attention of the child to what different birds live around us, how they differ in plumage, size, behavior and voices. Even the most ordinary crow can be a source of positive - these smart birds often demonstrate interesting behavior and ingenuity.
  • Plants also provide a vast field for observation and a variety of experiences. Flowers can be smelled and viewed, developing the concept of color. Leaves can be compared in shape and size, they perfectly illustrate the change of seasons.
  • With older children, you can take care of plants and animals together. It is very useful to give the child the opportunity to plant and grow a flower or tree. Understanding on own experience, how long it takes, how much patience and work, he is unlikely to mindlessly pick flowers in a flower bed or break branches.

It is good if the family has pets. But having a pet “for a child”, if the parents are not ready to take responsibility for the well-being of the pet, is unacceptable. This applies to everyone - fish, parrots, hamsters, kittens and dogs. An unfortunate creature that does not receive proper care is the worst example of the attitude towards animals. As, however, is the indifferent disposal of a boring and unnecessary pet. Parents will forget about the discarded animal in a week, and the child will remember this incident for many years.


If there is no desire and opportunity to keep animals at home or grow flowers, you can teach your baby to love nature in places specially created for this.

  • Zoo - a good place for a long Sunday stroll. But it is worth taking children to the zoo only if it is well equipped, the animals are kept in it in good conditions. From visiting a mobile menagerie, in which animals are doomed to sit in cramped dark cages, where they are deprived of care, and often normal nutrition, must be abandoned. The strongest impressions from acquaintance with representatives of the animal world can inspire a child with respect for nature for life.
  • Exhibitions of dogs and cats. In many cities, exhibitions of thoroughbred animals are held several times a year, where interesting shows and performances are arranged especially for children, they talk about dogs and cats, and teach them how to communicate with them correctly. But be prepared for the fact that after each visit, the baby will ask to have a pet.
  • In many cities there are eco-farms where educational excursions are held for children and adults. There you can see cows, horses, sheep, poultry, feed them. Horseback riding is often offered dog sledding. There you can also see how fruits and vegetables grow in the fields and gardens, which the townspeople buy in stores.
  • When choosing where to go with your child, do not forget about the arboretum, botanical gardens and exhibitions of flowers, indoor and garden plants. A visit to the local history and zoological museum can be very interesting.

After returning from the tour, invite the child to draw what he saw and remembered.

Children love to listen and make up stories and fairy tales, and this gives parents excellent opportunity tell them about nature. Everything that was seen on a walk can become the basis of the plot for a story that is best written together.

All this takes time, patience and at least minimal knowledge - so that there is something to tell the child about, to answer his questions. But do not neglect environmental education. Today's adults are leaving their children a planet far from the best. best condition. Let at least the next generations learn to protect the world in which their descendants live. No other suitable one has yet been found.

It is easier for an adult to navigate in numbers and indicators. Therefore, if he learns that since 1980 the pollution of the world's oceans with plastic has increased 10 times, then it will be clear to him: the ecology of his native planet is in danger.

Separate and discard

One of the main and useful skills for children is to learn how to sort waste. Today, this is very relevant: in cities, containers for collecting plastic, glass, and waste paper have already become familiar. At home, you can organize a simplified model of this process. To do this, you need to make several types of boxes or baskets where the child will put garbage by type of waste: a separate box for paper, a separate one for food waste, and a few more for batteries, plastic and iron. In this way, children will learn to be responsible for the waste produced and properly distribute it, and not throw it into the general basket.

reusable item

In order not to buy plastic bags every time and plastic bottles, and, accordingly, not to increase their number among all the waste of the planet, you can purchase reusable bags and bottles. Today, string bags are back in fashion, and any rag bag with an interesting pattern, favorite color will delight a child. In addition, he will feel responsible and mature, because he will know that he has his own bag for shopping. With bottles - the same story: you can buy glass or aluminum so that little man had his own personal container for walks. At the same time, it is necessary to remind the child that such a choice of things helps to reduce the amount of garbage, and, accordingly, to preserve the environment.

Teaching to protect nature from childhood is the task of adults. Photo: Press Service of the Government of the Orenburg Region

plastic house

Learning how to properly dispose of waste is also necessary! For example, paper can be burned and used as fertilizer on suburban area. plastic bags and the bottles are quite suitable for repeated use: with the same package already bought, you can go to the store, and you can pour water or juice into the bottle and go for a walk or to school. But the most exciting way to dispose of garbage is to create something useful from waste. For example, you can make a bird feeder out of plastic packaging or tetrapack bags. Environmentally hazardous material will not have to be thrown away, and the birds will get their own "food station" - all for the benefit of nature!

In addition to all of the above methods, you can spend subbotniks with children, collect waste paper, plant trees, feed fish and birds. The main thing is to teach the child to communicate with nature and clearly show him how to properly take care of it. For clarity, parents and teachers will find the AiF Eco-Lessons comics, which are also contained in the project, and video tutorials, which can be found on the AiF Orenburg website, useful. Talking to children about ecology is very easy!

Galina Golikova
Article: "Baby and ecology"

The world of nature! This is the bewitching look of paint,

it is also fresh air, invigorating, inspiring

we have new powers. This and untold riches

which people should cherish and increase ...

Valova Z. G.

Moisenko Yu. E.

Now, more than ever, the question is environmental education of children. How to educate in children a respect for nature? Considering age features preschoolers, which include impressionability and emotional responsiveness, through compassion, empathy, which help the child to enter, as V. A. Sukhomlinsky said "into the life of another living being from within", to feel someone else's pain as if it were your own, to enter baby V the world nature so that every day he discovers something new for himself in him, so that he grows up as a researcher, so that his every step is a journey to the origins of miracles in nature, ennobles the heart and tempers the will.

ecological education is a direction of preschool pedagogy, which differs from the traditional one - familiarizing children with nature. In the period of preschool childhood, in the process of purposeful pedagogical influence in children, it is possible to form the beginning ecological culture - consciously - the right attitude to phenomena, objects of living and inanimate nature that make up their immediate environment during this period of life. Consciously - the right attitude is developed under the condition of close contact and various forms interaction of the child with plants and animals available indoors, on the site kindergarten and in the children's home. In other words, each being must have its own "house" in which there is everything for his life.

Starting from kindergarten, the educator must invest in the mind of the child a careful attitude to nature and ecology native land . Children are already older preschool age without special efforts acquire knowledge on ecology if the classes are conducted in an accessible and exciting way.

the beginning ecological parenting is some rules from childhood (you can’t pick flowers, you can’t walk on lawns, you can’t offend animals). Children should be taught not to remain indifferent to a broken branch. During conversations or walks in nature, children should be explained that by taking care of the nature of our native land, we will continue to take care of ecology and our earth as a whole. After all, preschool childhood is the initial stage in the formation of a person's personality, his value orientation in the world around him. Preschoolers, due to the characteristics of their age, very organically perceive all the knowledge that is associated with nature. After all, small children feel like a part of nature, they have not yet developed a consumer attitude towards it. That's why the main task- to make sure that the feeling of inextricable connection with the outside world, which arose in early childhood, remained for life.

In summer, the territory of our kindergarten is especially beautiful, the abundance of bright, fragrant flowers attracts the attention of not only people, but also insects. Here it is a convenient moment where you can tell and clearly show about the life of insects, about their benefits. At the right direction observation of the environment, the child begins to understand what is good and what is bad. Systematic observation in nature teaches children to be attentive. Any observation is cognitive activity, requiring attention, concentration, mental activity from children, so it is short-lived. Pedagogical communication of the educator with children takes cognitive coloration: the teacher asks clear, specific questions, directing children to search for information, listens to their answers, responds kindly to each message. And most importantly - praises for the correct answer, encourages further search for information with praise. Cycles of observations, accompanied by cognitive communication between the educator and children, develop their powers of observation, a strong interest in nature, and form clear concrete ideas about the morphological and functional characteristics of plants and their relationship with the environment.

It is important for a teacher to teach children to see and appreciate the quiet beauty of a tiny wild flower, an industrious ant or a spider on a forest path, to hear the enchanting sounds of nature - the singing of birds, the rustling of leaves and grasses, the murmur of water ... Teaching children to see the beautiful is a difficult task. If the teacher himself sincerely loves nature and treats it carefully, he will be able to convey these feelings to children. Children are very observant and sensitive to the words, mood and deeds of an adult, they quickly see the positive and imitate their mentor. Love for nature means not only a certain state of mind, the perception of her beauty, but also her understanding, her knowledge.

One of the ways to convey to the child all the charm of the world around us is a fairy tale. The fairy tale not only entertains, it unobtrusively educates, introduces the child to the outside world, good and evil. She is a universal teacher. In our work with children, we use the works of N. A. Ryzhova, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, which help to understand nature, the relationship of man with it. In an entertaining way, they introduce children to natural phenomena, their relationships, with some concepts ecology, problems of human influence on nature and many others. So, educating children to love nature, the ability to perceive its beauty is one of important tasks kindergarten. In this work, his first assistants should become parents.

As a result of targeted work on ecological upbringing and education there have been changes in the actions and behavior of children. Preschoolers have become conscious of natural wealth, to all living things more attentively, more industriously and more observantly, which is reflected in their drawings and stories. Emotionality, dedication of children convinces that work on ecological education is very important and gives good results. This work helps to cultivate love for the native nature and respect for it.

“All efforts in education will be in vain,

until you teach your pupils

love the field, birds and flowers” (D. Reskin)