Airborne troops perform a huge range of combat missions. And the airborne jumps are one of the main trump cards used by the paratroopers. For this purpose, specially trained aircraft and helicopters are used. In the equipment of the Airborne Forces there is a large number of modern effective weapons, special equipment, military equipment, which make it possible to cope with the tasks assigned to them with high efficiency.

The task of the airborne troops is to capture strategic industrial facilities, administrative and political centers, areas of concentration of forces potential adversary, capture and retention of infrastructure nodes, mountain passes, crossings, communication lines; destruction of funds mass destruction, power plants, runways and airfields, other key facilities; disruption of the enemy's work in the deep and near rear and coordination of his forces, disruption of the movement of enemy reserves.

One of the main tasks of the Airborne Forces associated with the implementation of operational-tactical landing on a special important directions potential local conflicts.

The fulfillment of such a task is impossible without parachute jumps of the Airborne Forces. In the Airborne Forces, personnel are especially scrupulously trained. Therefore, the paratroopers are carefully familiarized with the theoretical foundation of parachute jumps, landing techniques, modern systems of parachute-reactive and parachute types, landing containers, platforms and systems that are used to install and drop weapons and military equipment. Special attention is given to the study of actual military transport aviation.

Airborne jumps at the stage of the appearance and development of the armed forces


The first jump in the Airborne Forces took place in the thirties of the last century. It was then that a new type of troops appeared in the Red Army - the Airborne Troops. The first paratroopers had to perform a completely accessible task - to land in a given area where they were delivered aviation technology. At first, paratroopers were transported with parachutes on any aircraft in service: strategic heavy bombers TB-1 or training U-2, which were not best solution for young kind troops. The choice of aircraft depended on the number of paratroopers transported.

It turned out to be more difficult to solve the issue of transporting cars, armored vehicles or guns. We decided to opt for the TB-1 bomber. For creating specialized systems, with the help of which they were supposed to successfully land the equipment, the Design Bureau was created. Among the very first types of weapons adapted for air transportation and landing should be called a 76-mm mountain gun, invented in 1909, chosen because of its suitable weight and dimensions. The crew of the gun was transported along with the gun and had the ability to parachute from an aircraft, slightly reducing the bomber's flight performance. Then the first parachute jump in the Airborne Forces took place, and since then the paratroopers have come a long way.

Airborne parachute jumps in the modern army of Russia


Fast forward to modern life soldiers of the Airborne Forces. In 2012, the servicemen of this type of troops, who are on military service, more than 11 thousand parachute jumps were performed in just one week! Including airborne jumps from Ila-76 amounted to more than four hundred. In our time, jumps during long daylight hours are performed at an intensity of two parachute jumps per minute, and even more often.

There was a message about how many jumps are made in the Airborne Forces, for example, in a unit stationed in Ivanovo. As it turned out, 2800 jumps per division. In the mountain, airborne assault unit, located in Novorossiysk, and the airborne division of Tula, paratroopers make 2000 jumps each. The cadets of the Ryazan School manage to make more than one and a half thousand jumps within one week.

Airborne jumps were more regular in Soviet army. Say, in the 80s, an ordinary paratrooper made about 30 airborne jumps from an Il-76 for military service. In the 90s, their number sharply decreased, but today one can again observe a gradual increase in the role of combat training of paratroopers, which means an increase in the number of airborne parachute jumps for cadets and conscripts.

Training airborne recruits in the art of landing


Representatives make many jumps young replenishment arriving in the Airborne Forces. Young soldiers have to do a lot of airborne training. They are awarded the proud title of paratroopers after they make the first parachute jumps.

In addition, Ryazan constantly trains and trains technicians specializing in parachute devices. Seminars for the retraining of commanders of paratrooper units are also held there. They study the issues of landing and training military equipment. IN summer period, which has favorable weather conditions, in the plans Russian paratroopers performing more than 35 thousand airborne parachute jumps.

It is categorically impossible to force people who do not know how to control themselves in the sky to make parachute jumps. To prevent a random fall, the D-5 and D-6 parachutes are equipped with a stabilizing exhaust dome. Due to the presence of the dome, the parachutist cannot be carried away into a random fall. To an inexperienced person, it seems that the earth is everywhere from him. The function of the stabilizing dome is that the lines do not interfere with the skydiver to go into the sky. The dome comes out first, after which the PPK-u device is activated within five seconds, opening the satchel. The knapsack is equipped with a two-cone lock, which can be opened either with a ring or with a device. The parachutist can pull the ring without waiting for the expiration of five seconds of free fall. With the help of a stabilizing parachute, the canopy is completely pulled out of the parachute bag.

Jumping Airborne Forces with IL-76


Speaking about the training of paratroopers, one cannot fail to mention the role of military transport aviation. Airborne jumps from IL-76 can be called the most effective today. The main military transport aircraft Il-76 easily copes with the following tasks:

  • parachute landing of l / s units;
  • parachute landing of regular military equipment and cargo;
  • landing landing l / s units of the Airborne Forces;
  • landing landing of military equipment and cargoes of the established dimensions;
  • transportation and evacuation of the wounded to the rear.

Each of the above options provides for the use of specialized equipment.

When landing from the IL-76, they use:

  • two streams into the side doors, to minimize the possibility of convergence of paratroopers in the air;
  • three streams, one of which goes to the ramp, and the other two - to the side doors;
  • four streams - two into the ramp and side doors (in the presence of combat conditions).

During the landing of personnel, the speed of the aircraft reaches 300 km / h. Note the tightness of the cargo compartment of the IL-76. If necessary, make long-distance flights to high altitude the pressure in the aircraft cabin is equal to the pressure at an altitude of 2.5 km. Airborne jumps from IL-76 have been considered one of the safest and most effective types landing. In emergency cases, all seats are equipped with oxygen masks, so all paratroopers have the opportunity to receive oxygen nutrition individually.

Pre-jump training in the Airborne Forces

Before you prepare a real paratrooper, you need to go through a serious combat training. Pre-jump training in the Airborne Forces is set at the very modern level. Not a single paratrooper is allowed to actually jump with a parachute without thorough special training.

IL-76 is an aircraft that fully corresponds to the tasks that are set before the paratroopers. In the cabin of the aircraft, all the nuances are provided, thanks to which the safety of skydiving is achieved. Traffic lights are installed at all exits from the aircraft. There are traffic lights on both sides of the ramp. The green light lights up with the inscription "Go", yellow - with the command "Get ready", red - with the command "Hang up". When the yellow traffic light is turned on, a short siren is turned on simultaneously, and when the green traffic light is turned on, a long roaring siren is turned on. She continues to roar until there is not a single paratrooper left on the plane.

Every paratrooper who performed parachute jumps in the Airborne Forces will never be able to forget this siren. During a long-haul flight, the engine hums smoothly and calmly, which encourages sleep, but because of the sound of a siren, nothing remains of sleep. After the command "Ready" and a short warning siren, each paratrooper jumps, waiting for the command to jump into the sky.

Photo and video of airborne jumps


Photos of airborne jumps are particularly spectacular. You can admire the parachutists flying in the sky, the second suspended deck of the Il-76MD transport, the cargo compartment of the Il-76. Due to the increased capacity, the cargo compartment of the Il-76 transport can accommodate three BMD-1s, and can parachute them by parachute or landing method.

Among the capabilities of the aircraft is the landing of four cargoes weighing 10 tons each, or two cargoes weighing 21 tons each. The IL-76MD is produced in a two-deck version and is capable of carrying up to 225 fighters, and not more than 145 fighters, as in a single-deck version.

Watching the landing of equipment from the Il-76 aircraft is always delightful. Jumping Airborne Forces video, thanks to the Internet today everyone can watch. An interesting fact is the establishment of high-altitude world records by Soviet paratroopers. These jumps of our paratroopers were made in 1975, and then in 1977. Girls jumped with parachutes from an Il-76 aircraft flying at an altitude of over fifteen thousand meters. And no one has managed to break the records set then.

Video airborne jumping with a parachute can convey the external impression of this unique and exciting process. And the skydivers themselves consider this the most exciting moments of their lives. Each jump is different from the previous one. Especially a lot of emotions delivers the first jump.

To jump with a parachute D-5 requires an altitude of 800 to 1000 meters. With a minimum throw height of 600 meters. The period from the moment you get off the plane to the moment when the parachute should open is 200 meters. The parachutist has to fly under the dome for about six hundred meters.

Today, instead of the parachutes of the old systems, they use the D-10 landing parachute, with a dome area of ​​​​100 square meters, improved parameters and a shape resembling a squash. The Airborne Forces also received the D-12, Listik, recognized as an excellent parachute system that has no analogues in the world.

Skydiving is popular in modern world. Some people are professionally involved in this sport, for others, skydiving is a way to tickle your nerves and get a dose of adrenaline. Has anyone wondered how many lines parachutes have?

What is a parachute?

The parachute is an ingenious and simple invention of an engineer from St. Petersburg Kotelnikov Gleb Evgenievich. He was the first to create a backpack device, received a patent for his invention in 1912.

A parachute is a hemisphere constructed of fabric, to which a load or suspension system is attached due to straps. It is designed to slow down and mitigate falls from a height. It is used for the safe landing of a person or cargo, has several varieties.

How many lines do parachutes have?

This is of course very interest Ask. There are several types of parachutes, all of them with different amount sling. There is a main parachute and a spare, landing, army and cargo. There are basic and additional slings, all of them are made of high-quality durable fiber, withstand a load (each) up to two hundred kilograms. To answer the question of how many lines parachutes have, you need to consider each instance separately.

army parachute

The armed forces have been using parachutes of the same series for many years. From the sixties to the present day, these are D-5 and D-6 parachutes. They differ in size, weight and number of lines.

How many lines does a D-5 army parachute have? There are twenty-eight of them, nine meters each. The parachute itself has the shape of a dome, it is not possible to control it. Land with him how and where you're lucky. This is the only, but serious minus of this series.

Following released parachute D-6. It has thirty lines. Twenty-eight are normal, and two are for dome control. They are located in the side sections of the parachute. If you pull these lines, you can turn and deploy the dome in the desired direction. This is a very useful quality if the landing is not taking place on training ground, but in mountainous conditions, forests or in a place where there are reservoirs.

paratrooper parachute

In order for the paratroopers to feel comfortable during the jump, they are provided with D-10 series parachutes. This is an improved version of the D-6. It has the shape of a patisson, the size of the dome is one hundred square meters! This parachute can be easily controlled even by a novice skydiver. Ease of control depends on how many lines in landing parachute: the more of them, the easier the control.

D-10 has twenty-six main lines: twenty-two four-meter lines and two seven-meter lines attached to loops in the dome slots. There are also twenty-two additional lines located on the outside, their length is three meters, made of a durable cord ShKP-150.

There are also twenty-four additional internal lines. They are attached to additional straps. Two additional ones are attached to the second and fourteenth at once. This is the answer to the question of how many lines in parachute airborne. The D-10 is considered one of the safest parachutes in history.

Why do you need a reserve parachute?

The reserve parachute must without fail be with the skydiver when jumping. It is designed for emergency deployment when the main one does not open or if it is twisted. In such a situation, it doesn’t matter whether the canopy is controlled or not, how many lines the parachutes have - none of the additional ones will help. Of course, an experienced skydiver will try to straighten the main skydiver first, on which he will lose additional time. If it was not possible to straighten, then the reserve parachute will save the situation. It opens quickly and easily.

To learn how to use a spare wheel, you don’t need to go through a lot of training, even a child can handle this task.

How many lines does a reserve parachute have? Usually such parachutes are the same for all major types. These are series 3 and 4. The lines in the spare are arranged in four groups. Each has six lines. We get twenty-four in total. Of course, a reserve parachute is not designed for control, its main task is to quickly open up and save a person's life.

What you need to know when skydiving for the first time?

If you are not in and skydiving is just a dream, not military duty, then it’s worth starting to resemble training courses. Even if it is decided to jump with an instructor in tandem, training is necessary in order not to harm either yourself or the instructor. He is already so afraid to jump with a person, and even answer for someone's life. Such courses cost from three thousand rubles - it depends on the company providing these services.

Before you go to the club, make sure you get medical certificate: a heart attack during a jump is a serious and dangerous thing. But it can happen, because when you jump into the abyss, so much adrenaline splashes out that it will last for a year. Yes, and the fear of jumping can also lead to sad consequences if the heart is naughty. The pressure should also be the same as when entering the space forces. If there is excess weight, then it is also worth consulting with a doctor whether it is worth jumping or not.

If you are under the age of eighteen, written permission to jump from your parents will come in handy. Do not forget to warn them what you are going to do, without their written consent, the instructor will not let you go to the parachute for a kilometer. People with mental disorders, after recent operations, with diseases of the musculoskeletal system, with respiratory diseases are not allowed to jump.

If your weight is more than one hundred and twenty kilograms, then you will be denied a tandem jump. Weight less than forty-five kilograms is a contraindication for a single jump. Pregnant women are also not allowed. First, calmly take out the child, do not hide your position from the instructor in order to make the jump.

Skydiving is the dream of many. Do not drink alcohol beforehand. It is clear that the joy rolls over, but it is better to celebrate this event after the event, especially since you will not be allowed to jump with the smell of alcohol. And if you decide to drink so that it is not scary, then it is better to refrain from this idea altogether. And good luck to everyone who passed the medical examination!

  • “Of the five thousand residents of Rostov celebrating the Day of the Airborne Forces, only one and a half thousand actually served in the landing troops”

Today is Air Force Day!

Airborne Troops Day!

Day of the Paratroopers or "Paratroopers"!

Of course, every year, the Landing Forces are becoming quieter. Grandiose fights and showdowns with the "Watermelon" mafia in the markets are slowly becoming a thing of the past. Still, our country is becoming more and more rigid to all kinds of lawlessness, on the one hand, on the other hand, we are at war in some places of the ball. And it has long been noticed that if the country's Army leads real fighting, less people bathes in fountains and goes to protest rallies.

Therefore, the question is always relevant, how to distinguish a real paratrooper from someone who just puts on a vest and takes it, or maybe having made a “Throwout” tattoo, thumps in the fountain and tells army tales.

By the way, Muscovites differ in this. Anyone who served in the Airborne Forces knows that it is among those called up from Moscow that rotten soldiers are more common ...

Of course, not all, among the guys from Moscow there are many excellent fighters. I myself had a "druzhban" from the Capital in the army.

But hand on heart, everyone knows that among the inhabitants of Moscow there are “not quite good comrades", more than from the outskirts of the country ...

We had a “Moskvich” in our company, the only communist among the soldiers. By the way, he was sent to the army after a “ball” (a ball or another slang expression in the army and airborne forces) in civilian life. He was a released secretary of the Komsomol, I do not remember where. There was a delay, but flew in, and was sent to serve in elite troops. I'm sure he bathes in the fountain and thumps in a beret and vest.

But for one real paratrooper there are several fake ones. So let's start learning to identify the deceiver. I will give below a few questions and some detailed answers to these questions.

Knowing the answers to these questions, you can identify a fake "Landing"!

1. Where did you serve?

The answer to the Airborne Forces or the DSB does not work, as does the DMB (this is a demobilization!). Like the place of service, such as Pskov, Ryazan and so on. Maybe he had heard enough of the army tales of his older brother or neighbor. By the way, in addition, there may even be construction battalion workers in the military camp of the landing unit. For example, in Pskov. If anyone remembers, soldiers from the construction battalion went to the photographer and took photos in the “demobilization parade with axels” and a blue beret. They were sent home and boldly told that they were serving in the Airborne Forces. Of course they did it in secret. The construction battalion troops were not very fond of. In Pskov, there was a garrison bay (guard watch), this is the place where soldiers and officers are kept for minor and major violations of military discipline. The bay was guarded by the guard of the Pskov division

2. Part number?

Each military unit has a number. The unit number is driven into the soldier's head. As well as the number of the machine and the military ID. I served almost 30 years ago and still remember.

3. VUS what?

VUS, this military registration specialty is written in the Military ID. If such a Trooper shows you his soldier, then looking at his VUS, you will understand who he really is. “Military registration specialty (VUS) - an indication of the military specialty of an active or in reserve serviceman of the Russian Armed Forces and other troops and formations. Information about the VUS is entered into the military ID. All VUS are divided into groups, the VUS designation itself is multi-digit number(for example, VUS-250400).

Possible list of military specialties

Apparently, there are no open sources containing the decoding of the codes of all currently operating VUS: the VUS catalog is a document of the Russian Ministry of Defense with a “Secret” degree of secrecy.

The first three digits of the VUS of warrant officers, sergeants, foremen and soldiers indicate specialization (VUS code), for example:

100 - rifle
101 - snipers
102 - grenade launchers
106 - military intelligence
107 - units and divisions of Special Forces
122 - BMD
461 - HF radio stations
998 - not having military training fit for military service
999 - the same, only RESTRICTLY fit for military service, etc.

The next three digits indicate the position (position code):

97 - ZKV
182 - KO
259 - MV
001 - battery man, etc.

The letter at the end indicates "special signs of service":

A - having none
B - missile weapons specialists
D - Airborne Forces
K - crew of surface ships
M - MP
P - V.v.
R - PV (FPS)
S - Ministry of Emergency Situations (?)
T - construction units and subdivisions
F - SpN, etc.
E - Flight personnel for ensigns, sergeants, soldiers

4. How many times did you jump? Usually you will hear mind-blowing numbers of 30-40-50, and maybe 100 jumps. “The annual norm for a conscript soldier is 12 jumps, 6 in each training period. In general, parachute training is a prerequisite for service in the Airborne Forces. Everyone is landing - from the general to the private, ”- an interview with Shamanov. Who is not in the know, Vladimir Shamanov Commander of the Airborne Forces and Colonel General. Even in the USSR, jumping more than 20 times for military service was problematic. Because a soldier took up guard duties (this is when a man with a gun guards Guba, warehouses and parks with equipment), went to outfits in the park (where the equipment is), finally to outfit in the dining room (where he peeled potatoes, set the table and washed dishes), stood “on the bedside table” (attire for the company), and so on ... In the army, self-service, the soldier did everything himself and to make the jump, no one released him. Of course, there were sports companies in the army. These are free units, where soldiers mainly train and perform for the unit. For example, where I served, there was a "squadron". Conscripts are skydivers who only jumped and competed. But this is a separate caste, they even went in a peculiar form, officer overcoats and epaulettes of conscripts. The beginnings of a contract army. I am not talking about contract sergeants and ensigns. They were already professional soldiers then. But an ordinary paratrooper did not jump very much. Just like now. Only “for demobilization” they could buy a “nauseous” (badge paratrooper in the form of a dome with a pendant in the form of numbers according to the number of jumps) with big amount jumps.

5. Did you jump in combat? Many fake paratroopers do not know that the Airborne Forces and all kinds of special forces can jump in several ways.

Here are the simplest ones:

Without weapons and RD (Paratrooper Backpack)

With RD and weapons in the transport position. Automatic, SVD and even RPG, in a special transport case, "screwed" behind the back of a dashing landing.

With RD and GK (Cargo Container)

With weapons "in combat", on the chest under the chest jumper of the suspension system. Allows you to fire while descending on a parachute, directly from the sky.

Then there are night ones, on the forest, on the water, high-rise and so on. Only inside the equipment no one jumps, although this option has been worked out for war. The son of the legendary founder of the Airborne Forces Vasily Margelov, Alexander Margelov, back in 1973 made a parachute jump inside the BMD-1. For this feat, he was awarded the title of Hero of Russia, after 20 years ... Since then, more than 110 people have jumped inside the equipment, but these are testers. An ordinary paratrooper who will tell you about this, just pi ....!

6. Did you jump with the ISS? For reference, the MKS is a multi-dome system for landing equipment, for example MKS-5-760. A person just can't jump with this crap. But I met Landing Forces who claimed that they jumped with her ... In the Airborne Forces, they jump mainly with parachutes: D-1-8 is the oldest parachute, created back in 1959. This parachute has the main advantage, the dome cover clings through an extension halyard to an airplane or helicopter. The paratrooper doesn't even have a ring. Led to the hatch, gave a kick in the ass. Then everything works automatically without any devices. This is the perfect parachute for the first jump. 300% guarantee, the main thing when laying is not to twist the lines. D-1-5U is the oldest controlled parachute. D-6 and all its modifications. You have seen this dome in most films about the Airborne Forces. The paratroopers fly for some time on a stabilizing small canopy. The same canopy extends the main canopy of the parachute, if you pull the ring or when the safety device of the PPK-U type is triggered. PPK-U - Semiautomatic Parachute Combined Unified (device) - designed to open the parachute pack (after a certain period of time at a certain height). Now they plan to put D-10 in the troops. PSN - Special Purpose Parachute. I jumped from PSN-71, it is more manageable. It has rolls for better handling (which we were forbidden to uncheck) and locks on suspension system. When landing, you can immediately unfasten the dome. For example, in the wind, when jumping into the water or in battle. It was created for the GRU Spetsnaz and reconnaissance units of the Airborne Forces. Software - Planning Shell. These are the same rectangular “wings” or “mattresses” on which all athletes now jump. From PO-9, from the times of the USSR, to modern PO-16, PO-17 and the famous "Crossbows". A conscript has never jumped with such domes!

7. And finally, what is "Razor - smile"? Or were you shaved with a smile? This is a flexible hairpin from the same PPK-U device. In the Airborne Forces and civilian paratroopers, the most fashionable keychain and souvenir. On the neck, on the keys and so on. The hairpin, when unbent, specifically clings to the hairs, no worse than an epilator. In the army, it is used as a punishment for negligent fighters, and just "for fun." Airborne humor, I shaved with a smile. Have you been shaved with a smile? Understandable only to paratroopers.

In principle, there is still a lot of information that only those who served in the Airborne Forces can know. But I think that what I wrote will be enough to identify fake paratroopers who dishonor the glorious name of Uncle Vasya's Troops. Vasily Margelov is the founder of the Airborne Forces and the father of all paratroopers!

Happy Airborne Forces Day to all real paratroopers!
Nobody except us!

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The Airborne Forces are planning to train about 300 high-altitude specialists by the end of 2015. airborne training, which can jump from a height of up to 8000 meters.

This was reported by "Interfax-AVN" with reference to the representative of the press service and information department of the Russian Ministry of Defense on the Airborne Forces, Lieutenant Colonel Yevgeny Meshkov. According to the plans of the command airborne troops a battalion capable of landing from heights of four to eight kilometers and a unit of instructors for high-altitude airborne training should appear. High-altitude skydivers must be able to skillfully use special oxygen equipment and use the parachute system. special purpose"Crossbow".

The basic program for the training of high-altitude specialists is designed for five to ten weeks, taking into account their performance from 100 to 250 practical parachute jumps with a delay in opening the main parachute from 80 to 130 seconds.

We must immediately clarify - there will be no mass jumps from prohibitive heights. This is the privilege of scouts. In addition, for combat use will not be used "Crossbows", with which you can only train, but completely different and still secret parachute systems.

It is important for the paratroopers to deliver their troops to the landing zone so that the planes do not end up in the air defense zone. And the landing itself should be carried out as quickly as possible, if possible, in a heap and so as not to fall under fire from the ground. To do this, they fly behind enemy lines at the highest possible height, and jump from the maximum possible to the lower limit.

Is it possible to jump from that flight height, which is unattainable for military means air defense?

Quite a lot of research work has been carried out. By the way, it was held not only in Russia, but also in the United States. Overseas, I must say, they succeeded, and high-altitude landing there is in the order of things.

It turned out that it is possible to jump from heights up to eight kilometers with a delay in opening the parachute so that the domes open almost at the ground. But it turned out to be problematic to throw heavy equipment with a delay. And it could turn out that all the troops would gather in the indicated landing area, and the armored vehicles would fly away somewhere very far away. Quite objectively, it turned out that jumping from extreme heights is only suitable for special forces and reconnaissance units or those who must ensure the landing zone of the main landing force from the ground, clearing it of enemy fire weapons.

In the United States, high-altitude jumps have been mastered and are also used only in the special forces of the "green berets" and forces special operations.

What does high-altitude landing give paratroopers-special forces? You can leave the plane tens of kilometers from the planned landing site. Then silently plan and land right on the spot. Modern systems have a semi-automatic parachute control system for given coordinates. As a rule, the landing takes place at night, the parachutes are camouflaged, and it is almost impossible to see the commandos in the sky. Such jumps are very difficult. In addition to weapons and other equipment, the paratrooper has special oxygen equipment.

According to our experts, the USA long time ahead of us in the high-altitude landing of their special forces. The break came a few years ago. An experimental program for special parachute training of the Special Operations Forces was developed and approved by the Chief of the General Staff. It has been successfully mastered. Created and is in the stage of adoption of domestic equipment and parachute systems, no worse than American ones, which allow you to perform domestic forces special operations any task anywhere in the world.

The main indicator that limits the height for making a parachute jump can be called a transport aircraft.

No one aircraft, which transports people, is not able to rise above the mark of 26 thousand meters. And even at this altitude, the aircraft flies with too much high speed so that a person can jump out of the plane.

However, spaceships are able to go much higher, but their movement in space is even faster, so that a paratrooper with a parachute in order to survive, leaving limits spacecraft, a heat-resistant suit will be required.

There is the only aircraft that allows people to be transported, besides an airplane and a spacecraft, a hot air balloon. The highest mark that this air vehicle is capable of climbing is 34.668 meters. This is an absolute record demonstrated by officers navy of the United States of America by Victor Prather and Malcolm Ross as they traveled from the Antietam to Mexico on May 4, 1961. But they did not jump.

A man's parachute jump from the highest mark was made by Joseph Kittinger of the United States Air Force. He did this with hot air balloon, which on August 16, 1960 rose to a height of 31 thousand 333 meters. Joseph was in freefall for four minutes and 36 seconds, reaching an average speed of 1,150 kilometers per hour. The parachute was opened at around five and a half thousand meters.

Skydiving standards for paratroopers

For a parachute jump, you can call a safe height from 400 meters to 4 kilometers.

If we talk about the maximum allowable lowest height, the paratroopers consider a height of less than fifty meters "bordering on suicide." Back in 2003, professional stuntman Harry Connery made a parachute jump from the monument to Nelson's Column (from a height of 51.5 meters), which is located in Trafalgar Square.

A large number of times paratroopers parachuted from the top of the statue of Christ the Savior, located in Rio de Janeiro, jumped from St. Paul's Cathedral, which is located in London, and the height of these monuments is slightly more than 100 meters.

A little earlier, in October of the year before last, a paratrooper jump was made from the most significant height - 135,890 feet (over 40 thousand meters), which was made by the vice head of Google Alan Eustace. He was able to beat the previous planetary record of 127,852.4 feet (38,969.4 meters) set by Australian skydiver Felix Baumgartner in 2012. In two cases, the paratroopers were dressed in a suit designed specifically for them.

In a standard setting, a parachute jump is made from a height of 4,200 meters. Above the accepted mark, the risk of oxygen starvation increases. In addition, when jumping from a height higher than the established one, a dense flow of oncoming air can reflect some problems in a skydiver.

In the lower atmospheric layers, the falling speed of a paratrooper during a long jump increases only at the moment of the first ten seconds (over the first hundred meters). Resistance air mass increases with increasing speed so significantly that very soon there comes a moment when the speed no longer changes. The motion changes from accelerating to uniform.

When falling through the upper, thinner atmospheric layers, a person will fly faster than the final falling speed in the lower layers, when the paratrooper meets them, and the resistance reaches its peak. Essentially, a person encounters the atmosphere. At the time of a parachute jump in 1960, Kittinger described this force as shocking: at an altitude of 23 thousand meters, she showed 1.2 g (g is the overload value).

A fall from 75 thousand meters would have made a huge impact of 3 g at a height of 31 thousand meters, which would have lasted over 20 seconds. After that, the jump would not be anything remarkable. Marines that enter the lower atmosphere will not experience any problems from g-forces above 3 g if their bodies are positioned across the airflow to continue their time in the atmosphere, but they will be significantly hot.

Kittinger was wearing a special suit, the purpose of which was to protect him from low pressure in the stratosphere. But more difficult in such jumps is to maintain a position of stability in the process of free fall. In addition, Kittinger was equipped with a small stabilizing parachute, but he did not need it. Due to malfunctions, the parachute could not open, and the parachutist skidded into a tailspin. Kittinger was spinning very fast, about 120 rpm, the g-force was 22 g. At the moment of such overloads, the stuntman lost consciousness. The main parachute was able to open thanks to a special automatic opening device.

One of the highest high jumps was planned to be part of Project Moose. It was considered a development by the United States of America that began in the early 1960s, and its object was a program that would allow an astronaut to parachute into low orbit of our planet directly from a spacecraft. It was expected that an astronaut with equipment would wear a parachute on his chest, and a folded plastic bag on his back. The pressurized cylinder should spread the bag and fill it with polyurethane foam, which will create a heat shield. The astronaut leaves orbit, after which he begins to fall. protected from high temperature screen, it waits until it reaches the lower atmospheric layers, after which the parachute opens and the screen is removed.

The work that was carried out by the General Electric organization demonstrated that the idea, although quite good at first glance, was not unworkable. The heat shield sample has been created and the foam samples sent to spaceship. However, neither NASA nor Air Force not taken great attention to this venture.