Global problems of the world economy. How the modern world is changing our thinking In the modern world, large and even

On present stage development of civilization, as never before, questions arose, without the solution of which further development is impossible. forward movement mankind on the path of economic progress. Despite the fact that it is only a part of universal human activity, from its development in the XXI century. the problems of security and preservation of peace are more dependent, natural environment and, as well as moral, religious and philosophical values.

Meaning global problems especially increased in the second half of the twentieth century. It is they who significantly affect the structure of the national and. Historically, the world economy as a whole has developed by the beginning of the twentieth century. as a result of the involvement in world economic relations of most of the countries of the world. By this time it was finished territorial division of the world, the world economy has formed two poles. At one pole were industrialized countries, and on the other - their colonies - agricultural raw material appendages. The latter were drawn into long before the establishment of national markets there. The involvement of these countries in world economic relations actually took place not in connection with the needs of their own development, but was a product of the expansion of industrialized countries. The world economy thus formed, even after independence former colonies, for many years preserved the relationship between the center and the periphery. This is where the current global problems and contradictions originate.

As a rule, huge material and financial resources are required to solve global problems. The main criteria for classifying a particular problem as a global one is considered to be its scale and the need for joint efforts to eliminate it.

Global problems- discrepancies between the most significant planetary needs and the possibility of their satisfaction by the joint efforts of mankind in a certain period of time.

Examples of global problems of the world

Global problems of mankind These are problems that affect the vital interests of the entire population of the planet and require the joint efforts of all states of the world for their solution.

In modern conditions, global problems include:

Other global problems are also emerging.

Classification of global problems

Exceptional difficulties and high costs for solving global problems require their reasonable classification.

According to their origin, nature and ways of solving global problems, according to the classification adopted by international organizations, they are divided into three groups. first group constitute problems determined by the main socio-economic and political tasks of mankind. These include the preservation of peace, the cessation of the arms race and disarmament, the non-militarization of outer space, the creation of favorable conditions for world social progress, and overcoming the developmental lag in countries with low per capita incomes.

Second group covers a complex of problems revealed in the triad "man - society - technology". These problems should take into account the effectiveness of the use of scientific and technical progress in the interests of a harmonious social development and the elimination of the negative impact of technology on humans, population growth, the assertion of human rights in the state, its release from excessively increased control state institutions, especially over personal freedom as an essential component of human rights.

Third group represented by problems associated with socio-economic processes and the environment, i.e., the problems of relations along the line of society - nature. This includes solving raw materials, energy and food problems, overcoming the crisis environment, covering more and more new areas and capable of destroying human life.

The end of the XX and the beginning of the XXI centuries. led to the development of a number of local, specific issues of development of countries and regions into the category of global ones. However, it should be recognized that internationalization played a decisive role in this process.

The number of global problems is growing, in separate publications recent years called more than twenty problems of our time, but most authors identify four main global problems: environmental, peacekeeping and disarmament, demographic, fuel and raw materials.

The scale, place and role of individual global problems are changing. Ecological problem has now come out on top, although until recently it had been replaced by the struggle for the preservation of peace and disarmament. Changes are also taking place within global problems: some of their components lose their former significance and new ones appear. Thus, in the problem of the struggle for peace and disarmament, the main emphasis began to be placed on the reduction of weapons of mass destruction, the non-proliferation weapons of mass, development and implementation of measures for the conversion of military production; in the fuel and raw material problem, there is a real possibility that a number of non-renewable natural resources, and in the demographic - new tasks have arisen associated with a significant expansion of international migration of the population, labor resources, etc.

It's obvious that global problems are closely interconnected. For example, the severity of the food problem is exacerbated by the outpacing growth of population compared to the growth of agricultural production in many developing countries. To solve the food problem, it is necessary to use the resource potential of industrialized countries or international organizations developing and implementing special programs help. Consideration of the impact of global problems on the formation of the world economy requires their detailed analysis and assessment from the standpoint of both individual countries and the world community as a whole. Features of the world development of the second half
20th century consist in the fact that it has become a constant factor influencing all spheres of economic activity. Economic activity spread to such territories and to such spheres that were not previously accessible to man (the World Ocean, the polar zones, space, etc.).

The accelerated development of productive forces, the planned nature and global scale of technical progress, if not supported by a perfect management mechanism, can lead to irreversible negative consequences. In particular, the unevenness in economic development between countries will increase even more, the gap between the levels of material and spiritual culture of mankind will increase, there will be an imbalance in the biosphere, environmental degradation can lead to the impossibility of life on Earth.

This food crisis requires the development of a joint international strategy for the production, redistribution and consumption of food. Even with the current methods of tillage, according to the calculations of British experts, it is possible to provide food for more than 10 billion people. All this indicates an extremely unproductive use of cultivated land.

Solving the problem of developing countries requires overcoming their economic and scientific and technological backwardness, and this is associated with the evolution of the economic space, which will lead to radical socio-economic transformations, the elimination of backward forms of land use and the rise of agriculture based on the introduction of scientific methods of its management.

In this situation, Russia and the countries should pay attention first of all to preserving and increasing the potential of fertile agricultural lands, increasing the productivity of agricultural production, as well as systems for storing and distributing products.

The problem of military spending

After graduation Second World War gigantic efforts are being made by the world community to preserve peace and disarmament. However, humanity still spends huge amounts of money on weapons. Military spending hinders economic and technological development, increases and contributes to inflation, distracts people and from solving urgent problems. social problems, increase external debt, provide negative impact on international relations and their stability.

The negative impact of military spending on the economic development of the country can be long-term. Excessive military spending of the past years is a heavy burden on countries with low level development of the economic space, which at the present stage of the world economy include many developing countries.

At the same time, zones of regional and local conflicts have arisen and are expanding, provoking external interference, increasingly with the use of military force. Participants in such confrontations already possess or in the near future may become possessors of weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear weapons. This forces many countries to maintain a high level of military spending in their budgets.

At the same time, the reduction of military potential, especially in largest states Russia, for example, faces many complex issues, as the military-industrial complex represents thousands of enterprises and millions of people employed in them. In addition, the world arms trade is still one of the most profitable types of business, which annually brings our country an income of 3-4 billion dollars.

In conditions economic instability, limited and lack of necessary funds, the reduction of the armed forces and disarmament in Russia gives rise to additional economic and social problems. Disarmament and reduction of military production in a number of cases does not lead to the release of funds, but requires significant material and financial resources.

Thus, ensuring security and maintaining peace on the planet is possible with close cooperation between countries, reasonable use of available resources aimed at eliminating the global military threat and nuclear war.

The development of the productive forces of the world economy requires not only a constant influx of material and fuel and energy resources, but also the use of significant monetary and financial resources.

The transformation of the world economy into a single market for goods, services, labor, capital and knowledge leads to a higher stage of internationalization (globalization). The single world market creates a volume of economic space and plays an extremely important role in servicing the restructuring of national economies. At the same time, it can contribute to the deepening of disproportions in the world economy.

Global goals of mankind

The priority global goals of humanity are as follows:

• in the political sphere - reducing the likelihood and in the long term the complete elimination of military conflicts, preventing violence in international relations;
• in economic and environmental areas— development and implementation of resource- and energy-saving technologies, transition to non-traditional energy sources, development and widespread use of environmental technologies;
• in the social sphere - raising the standard of living, global efforts to preserve people's health, the creation of a world food supply system;
• in the cultural and spiritual sphere - the restructuring of the mass moral consciousness in accordance with today's realities.

Taking steps towards the realization of these goals constitutes a strategy for the survival of mankind.

Emerging Global Issues

As the world economy develops, new global problems arise and will continue to arise.

In modern conditions, a new, already formed global problem is development outer space . The exit of man into space was an important impetus for the development of both fundamental science, and applied research. Modern systems communications, forecasting many natural disasters, remote reconnaissance minerals - this is only a small part of what has become a reality thanks to space flights. At the same time, the scale of financial expenditures necessary for the further exploration of outer space today already exceeds the capabilities of not only individual states, but also groups of countries. Exceptionally expensive components of research are the creation and launch of spacecraft, the maintenance of space stations. Thus, the cost of manufacturing and launching the Progress cargo spacecraft is $22 million, the Soyuz manned spacecraft is $26 million, the Proton spacecraft is $80 million, and the Shuttle space shuttle is $500 million. The annual operation of the International Space Station (ISS) costs about $6 billion.

Enormous capital investments are required for the implementation of projects related to the exploration and prospective development of other planets solar system. As a result, the interests of space exploration objectively imply broad interstate cooperation in this area, the development of large-scale international cooperation in the preparation and conduct of space research.

Emerging global problems currently include study of the structure of the Earth and control of weather and climate. Like the exploration of outer space, the solution of these two problems is possible only on the basis of a broad international cooperation. Moreover, the management of weather and climate requires, among other things, the global harmonization of the behavioral norms of economic entities in order to minimize the harmful impact of economic activity on the environment everywhere.

"Global problems"(from lat. globus terrae - Earth, the term itself appeared in the late 1960s) - a set of problems of mankind that confronted him in the second half of the 20th century and on the solution of which the further existence of civilization depends.

Common features:

scale: affect all of humanity;

suggest the international cooperation various countries(impossible to solve in one single country);

sharpness: depends on their decision. further fate civilizations;

appear as an objective factor in the development of society;

urgently demand solutions.

Main (priority) global problems:

The problem of war and peace, the prevention of a new world war.

Demographic.

Raw.

Ecological.

The "North-South" problem (overcoming the backwardness of developing countries and reducing the gap in the level of development between them and advanced post-industrial countries).

6. Food.

7. Energy.

8. Use of the oceans.

9. World space exploration.

And so on.

All global problems are interconnected. It is impossible to solve each of them separately: humanity must solve them together in order to save life on the planet.

The main directions of solving global problems:

Formation of a new planetary consciousness. Raising a person on principles humanism. Widespread awareness of people about global problems.

A comprehensive study of the causes and contradictions, the conditions leading to the emergence and exacerbation of problems.

Supervision and control of global processes on the planet. Obtaining objective information from each country and international studies is essential for forecasting and decision making.

Clear international system forecasting.

Development of new technologies (resource-saving, recyclable, natural springs energy).

Bringing international cooperation to a new quality level. Concentration of efforts of all countries to solve global problems. It is necessary to cooperate in creating the latest environmental technologies, a common world center for the study of global problems, a single fund of funds and resources, and the exchange of information.

QUESTIONS:

1. What meaning do social scientists invest in the concept of "global problems of mankind"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about global problems.

Definition: 1) Global problems are a set of problems of mankind that confronted him in the second half of the 20th century and the solution of which depends on the existence of civilization.

Two proposals: 2) The solution of the global problems of mankind is possible only with the participation of the entire world community. 3) One of the global problems is the problem of peace and disarmament, the prevention of a new world war.

2. Name any three global problems of our time and give a specific example for each.

Ecological problem. Example: deforestation - the "lungs of the planet", for example rainforest in the Amazon River Valley.

Demographic. Example: rapid birth rate growth in modern world from 1.5 billion people at the beginning of the 20th century to 6.5 billion at the beginning of the 21st century. In the fall of 2011, the seven billionth inhabitant of the planet was recorded. The population of the earth is increasing geometric progression and according to the most conservative estimates will reach 10 billion inhabitants by 2050.

The threat of a third world war. Example: if in the early 1950s of the twentieth century only two countries in the world possessed nuclear weapons, then by beginning of XXI century there are already about a dozen of them. Moreover, some of them are in the state cold war with each other, such as India and Pakistan.

3. Illustrate with three examples the relationship between problems related to the widening gap between developed and Third World countries and the problem of preventing another world war.

As examples illustrating the relationship of problems related to the widening gap between developed countries and countries of the “third world” with the problem of preventing a new world war, the following can be given:

A significant number of local armed conflicts occur in third world countries, some of which have nuclear weapons (for example, the Indo-Pakistani conflict.

Due to the aggravation of the problem of providing raw materials and energy resources, the most developed countries of the world provoke, and sometimes themselves participate in wars for control over sources of raw materials (for example, the war in the Persian Gulf or the US-Iraq war).

The poverty of certain regions of the planet contributes to the spread of the most radical, militant ideologies in them, the adherents of which are fighting against developed countries (for example, Islamic terrorist organizations) and etc.

4 . Read the text and do the tasks for it.

“Most of the remaining higher species plants and animals. Those that man has chosen to satisfy his needs have long been adapted to his requirements with the sole purpose of producing for him as much food and raw materials as possible. They are no longer subject to the Darwinian law of natural selection, which ensures genetic evolution and adaptability. wild species. However, those species for which a person could not find direct use are also doomed. Their natural home and their resources have been taken away and ruthlessly destroyed in the purposeful progress of mankind. An equally sad fate awaits the untouched wildlife, which is still needed as habitat habitation of man himself for his physical and spiritual life. Indeed, by violating the ecological balance and irreparably reducing the life-supporting capacity of the planet, a person in this way can eventually deal with his own species himself no worse than an atomic bomb.

And this is not the only way in which the newly acquired power of man is reflected in his own position. Modern man began to live longer, which led to population explosion. He learned to produce more than ever before, all kinds of things, and, moreover, in much more short time. Like Gargantua, he has developed an insatiable appetite for consumption and possession, producing more and more, engaging himself in a vicious circle of growth with no end in sight.

A phenomenon was born that began to be called the industrial, scientific, and more often the scientific and technological revolution. The latter began when a person realized that he could effectively and on an industrial scale put into practice his scientific knowledge about the world around. This process is now in full swing and everything is picking up and picking up speed.”

(According to A. Peccei)

1) Plan the text. To do this, highlight the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.

3) Suggest why the constant growth of production and consumption threatens the future of mankind. Make two guesses.

5) In 1900, the population of the Earth reached 1650 million people; in 1926 it amounted to 2 billion people; the third billion took 34 years; the next billion was added in 14 years; then - for 13; the increase in the population from 5 to 6 billion people took 12 years and ended in 1999. What idea of ​​the author does the above facts illustrate? What is the danger of the continued growth of the world's population?

1. Text plan:

The influence of modern man on nature.

The growth of human needs.

Scientific and technological revolution.

Those species (species of plants and animals) that man has chosen to satisfy his needs have long been adapted to his requirements with the sole purpose of producing for him as much food and raw materials as possible.

Those species for which man could not find direct use are doomed, because the natural habitat and their resources have been taken away and ruthlessly destroyed in the purposeful progress of mankind forward.

A sad fate awaits the untouched wilderness, which is still needed as a natural habitat for man himself for his physical and spiritual life.

3. Two guesses:

The growth of production and consumption leads to the search for additional resources, which leads a person to the most remote and untouched corners of the wild. In turn, this violates the already precarious balance of man and wildlife.

The constant growth of production and consumption will be accompanied by an increase in waste, which can lead to a global environmental catastrophe. For example, an increase in carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere threatens with a "greenhouse effect".

The struggle for the redistribution of resources is the "third world war."

Two major achievements of the NTR:

Internet;

mobile connection.

Such facts illustrate the following idea of ​​the author: "Modern man began to live longer, which led to a population explosion."

The danger is in the coming overpopulation of the planet, which will not have enough resources to feed so many people. This threatens humanity with new wars, social cataclysms and other troubles.

Wild nature allows a person to enjoy the feeling of beauty, to feel harmony with nature, to experience a sense of peace, etc.

The information revolution taking place in modern conditions creates real technical and technological foundations for solving global problems. An economy based on a combination of market mechanisms and state regulation spontaneous economic processes, which allows for effective social protection of the population, overcoming the conflict between the efficiency of production and the social interests of people.

Arguments:

Gradually, the idea of ​​non-violence, the solution of emerging problems not by force, but by negotiations, the search for compromises, is gradually being affirmed in the minds of politicians and the idea of ​​non-violence is becoming a reality. The irreconcilable ideological confrontation, which turned into a psychological war, is becoming a thing of the past. The foundations for tolerance and mutual cooperation within the world community are gradually being strengthened, which creates the conditions for joint action to solve global problems.

In the course of the development of civilization, mankind faced certain difficulties. But scientists began to talk about global problems in the 70-80s of the last century, when more resources were required for the life support of the population. Yes, and the waste began to increase significantly. What global problems are of concern today?

10 Natural disasters

9 backwardness of some countries

8 Peaceful space exploration

7 Use of the resources of the oceans

6 food

5 Energy

4 Demographic

3 Commodity

2 Environmental

1 World

QUOTE #1

“We have a situation of internal stability, confidence that the country will continue to develop in a stable way. This is probably the most important thing. The economy has changed dramatically - said Vladimir Putin on December 19, 2019.

What is the stability that the President is talking about?
Our pace economic growth, according to the most optimistic estimates that Rosstat presents us all the time, is about 1%. All economists know that these are conventions. The structure of production and the structure of exports are steadily deteriorating. Raw material exports are growing, and modern production is shrinking. At the same time, foreign direct investment in the Russian economy is falling. In 2015-2018, they more than halved. And most of them (60%) are directed to the mining sector.

Therefore, something else is unconditional: the lack of economic growth and a noticeable drop in living standards over the past five years. This is despite the fact that, according to calculations World Bank, Russians are four times poorer Here is how this indicator is calculated. The per capita wealth of the average Russian includes an assessment of:
- human capital(earnings throughout a person's life);
- natural resources (renewable and non-renewable); produced capital (mainly buildings and structures, equipment);
- foreign assets (foreign property and obligations of the country).
Human capital occupies the largest share in wealth (in the Russian Federation - 46%, in OECD countries - 70%), natural capital - another 20%, produced capital accounts for 33%, foreign assets - the remaining 1%. During the period from 2000 to 2017, the total wealth of Russia in constant 2017 prices increased by 73% - from 753 trillion to 1306 trillion rubles. The per capita indicator for the same period increased, according to the World Bank, by 76%, to 8.9 million rubles. (152.5 thousand dollars). However, this amount is only a quarter of the wealth of a typical resident of developed OECD countries (includes 36 developed countries). The stagnation of real incomes and the fall in oil prices significantly slowed down the growth of this indicator. residents of 36 developed countries (OECD members). According to the World Bank, Russia will need a hundred years to catch up with developed countries in terms of human capital. That's the kind of stability.

In general, the proportion of the economically vulnerable population, that is, the proportion of people who live hard and poorly, is not at all the same as official statistics show us. Official statistics tell us that this share is approximately 12-13%. But if you count by purchasing power, it turns out that 28% of the population of Russia in 2018 lived on about 700 rubles a day. Despite the fact that both the level and inflation of tariffs in housing and communal services and food prices are quite tangible.

The economy minister said that the first half of 2020 is "already lost for Russia in an economic sense." According to the minister, at the beginning of next year, the economy will face very weak consumer demand. And weak consumer demand means that poverty is expanding, people's incomes are falling.
The problem of consumer demand in our economy is not new. It has been in existence for at least twelve years. And we offered a cardinal solution to this problem. This is a famous program."Earth-Houses-Roads" . The free transfer of land to citizens for the construction of individual housing, together with the infrastructure built by the state, would create the very necessary demand that determines the pace of economic development of the entire country. All European countries came out of the post-war crisis in this way. And in Russia it ended only failed experiment in the Far East.

Now unfolding before our eyesanother story that economists will be talking about for decades. This is the construction of a gas pipeline to China, a few hundred kilometers from Tomsk, where only 8% of the inhabitants have access to natural gas. Everyone else uses wood and coal.
In general, 65% of Russian residents do not have access to gas supply. Even 15% of Gazprom's income would be enough to solve this problem in favor of Russian citizens. But instead, we are building a gas pipeline to China with our own money, which the Chinese need only in case of a war in the Sea of ​​Japan. It is no coincidence that the Power of Siberia project is surrounded by secrets, the main of which is the price of gas supplied to China. The media claim that the level of secrecy of the Chinese gas contract is comparable to the issues of strategic weapons: only a few people in Russia know the true figure and the formula for its calculation under the agreement. And again, the program proposed by Yabloko"Gas for every home" remains an impossible dream.

QUOTE #2

“As for the withdrawal of foreign troops, there are no foreign troops there. There are local police, local self-defense forces, - Putin assured, answering a question about the situation in the Donbass. -And where did they get tanks, heavy artillery? Listen, in many "hot spots" of the world there are various kinds of conflicts and fighting, and with the use of tanks, artillery and so on. Where do they get it from? Apparently, from those structures, states that sympathize with them.

What can I say? Such views and "sympathies" of the president are seriously dangerous for our country.
Russia needs a completely different policy and other sympathies. Russia needs peace, not war. Need a state public good rather than private interests. We need the principle of human conservation, which would regulate the ratio of freedom and responsibility. AND government which should stop treating people as hindrances. Russia is vitally important internationally recognized borders, which now do not exist and without which our country cannot exist in the modern world. Russia cannot afford a policy of hybrid and other proxy wars in very dubious interests on completely foreign territories.
Russia needs peaceful developing neighbors: Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia - who would have every reason to be friends with Russia, and not be afraid of her. The success of our neighbors in the development of their state institutions and in the economy is also our success. We need a belt of stability and prosperity around our country, not the other way around.
We need - and this is the most important thing - trust in the country: trust within the country, trust of citizens to each other and between citizens and the authorities. This is exactly what it is impossible to build a modern society without. modern economy. And this is exactly what, under no circumstances, can categorically provide the existing political regime. Modern world economy based largely on trust and understanding. And where this is not the case, crises and recessions occur. Today's politic system does not allow creating an atmosphere of trust in the country, neither on the part of citizens to the police, nor on the part of citizens to the courts, nor on the part of citizens to the state, nor to each other, nor in business - in nothing. This is the dead end of the system.

We need a state of public interest, that is, a state that works for everyone. Just as we need a policy of peace and trust with our neighbors. But instead, we are immersed in a political culture of primitive authoritarianism. This political culture should be pushed aside and replaced by a completely different one. Russia vitally needs freedom. Because freedom is life without fear. Because all citizens of Russia have the right to freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from want and poverty, and freedom from fear. When these four freedoms are realized, then it will be the Russia of the people, and not the country of officials, groups and thieves.

The global problems of our time are considered from two different angles: the security of man and the planet. That is why more and more difficulties arise in the harmonious existence of people on Earth without harm. outside world. In order to realistically assess the criticality and need for urgent changes in life, we suggest reading an article that describes the problems of modernity and possible options their decisions.

The main global problems of our time

Increasingly, news releases shock people with horrific statistics about violence, accidents, emissions into the atmosphere, the depletion of earth's resources and the approach of a global catastrophe. When in developed countries work with robots artificial intelligence, some nationalities disappear from the face of the Earth due to lack of medical care and clean water.

People have ruined the environment so much that in order to restore the balance, a number of difficult decisions will have to be made, which will be massive. One person cannot change the whole world, but imagine if 7 billion people want to help each other at the same time.

For such cases, there are many organizations that look at the global problems of humanity and how you can contribute to solving them.

Consider the main problems:

• Food security.

The number of hungry people in the world has increased significantly over the past few years. Every ninth person in the world usually goes hungry and, as a result, suffers from deficiency nutrients. At first glance, it may seem that the problem is the lack of processed food, but this opinion is erroneous. People simply do not have enough money to buy healthy food.

• Health problem.

In addition to malnutrition, there are many other problems affecting human health on a global scale. In the past, the focus of scientists and health organizations has been on infectious diseases: hepatitis, cholera, malaria, tuberculosis and HIV. Expanding access to clean water and improved sanitation education have led to a reduction in the spread of transmissible diseases worldwide. However, this does not mean that efforts to improve sanitation should be abandoned.

Currently, the global medical community is studying noncommunicable diseases such as cancer, diabetes, chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.

Infectious diseases now kill 70% of people, and low-income countries are the hardest hit. This problem is pronounced in Thailand, South Africa, Mexico and India.

• The need for gender equality.

The next problem arose in connection with the historical conditions that built social barriers to women's economic and personal freedom. Despite the fact that many efforts have been made to alleviate this problem, it has not been completely eradicated.

In many patriarchal countries, women are deprived of their rights with early age. They are not allowed to go to school, they are not allocated finances for higher education and believe that a woman should stay at home. As a result, women still earn fewer men. Such inequality leads to a waste of potential and hinders cultural and technological progress. Unprotected women are increasingly victims of violence and aggression.

• African needs.

A series of alarming UN statistics point to the urgent need for Africa's humanitarian support. The region has the highest child mortality and the number of people living with HIV in the world. It has the highest rates of stunting among children, the largest number road traffic deaths and the lowest literacy rates. Africa's fertility rate is on the rise, but more people suffer from these problems every day.

• Global environmental problems.

There are three main environmental issues listed by the UN. These include threats to terrestrial and underwater habitats, climate change and resource depletion. According to UN statistics, forests are being depleted at a rate of 13 million hectares every year.

Most of the planet is covered with water. The oceans absorb carbon dioxide and produce about 30% of oxygen. Despite its importance, the ocean is under threat. Overfishing threatens the extinction of many species.

• Global problems of the world requiring political solutions.

These include the safe use of nuclear technology, compliance international law and peace, promoting the decolonization of countries and ensuring the effective functioning of democracies. The main threat to human life is the person himself. The world is constantly shuddering from the results of terrorist attacks, wars, testing of new weapons and migrations. In pursuit of new lands, politicians and aggressors destroy thousands human lives and deplete natural resources.

Global problems require global action. When it comes to solving major social problems using innovation, new business models or global agreements, many experts agree that the success of the solution is purely political, not technical.

Ways to solve global problems of the world

The UN has produced a report called Millennium Development Goals, which is an important reminder that change is possible when we act. Here are 10 highlights from the report:

• From 1990 to 2015, more than 1 billion people were lifted out of extreme poverty. The poverty rate in developing countries fell from 47% to a projected 14%.
• Number of children younger school age out of school has almost halved since 2000, from 100 million in 2000 to 57 million.
• Since 1990, child mortality has more than halved. In 1990, 12.7 million children under the age of 5 died. In 2018, this number dropped to 6 million.
• Maternal mortality has decreased by 45% since 1990.
• Between 2000 and 2013, new HIV infections fell by 40%.
• Between 2000 and 2015, more than 6.2 million malaria deaths were averted, mostly among children under 5 years of age.
• Since 1990, 2.6 billion people have gained access to an improved source of drinking water.
• The number of hungry people in developing regions has almost halved from 23.3% in 1990-1992 to 12.9% in 2016.
• Here are possible solutions to the actual problems of mankind.

The problem of peace and war can be solved in the following ways:

• control over the manufacture of weapons;
• a ban on the use of nuclear weapons and their alternatives;
• careful control of the arms trade and smuggling;
• harsh sanctions for aggressor countries.

By adhering to these elementary conditions, it is possible to significantly reduce the number of victims and the consequences of military operations.

To avoid an ecological catastrophe it is necessary:

• enhanced protection of endangered organisms;
• optimal use of resources from the local to the global level;
• measures to protect the environment from the impact of factories, plants and other enterprises;
• prohibition of experiments on animals;
• creation of new reserves.

The demographic problem will be helped by a series of actions aimed at gender equality, protecting women from violence and free access to general education anywhere in the world.

It is possible to avoid the shortage of fuel and raw materials by introducing alternative sources of energy and heat. One of the main obstacles to this is the high cost of energy processing equipment.

The problem of hunger should be tried to solve in this way:

• expansion of land for cultivation and farming, and not for concrete development;
• creation of new lakes and pastures;
• automation of small farming business and financing of enterprises engaged in the cultivation of natural food products.

The waters of the oceans are also in urgent need of rescue. For this you need:

• definition of clear areas for fishing, oil production;
• replacement of port equipment that makes emissions into the ocean waters;
• strict control over the level of water purity and intensive actions for its purification;
• a ban on the release of nuclear waste and chemical weapons.

Also, do not forget about the rules for maintaining cleanliness outside the planet when exploring outer space.

One of the main problems is the difference in the development of many countries. Technology, automation, the level of education and medicine are so different that it further reduces the possibility of a peaceful existence of peoples. The only solution to this problem is to help lagging countries and support them at the international level.

The problems of humanity are increasing in number every day. This happens for a number of reasons, in the center of which is a person. Wars, garbage disposal, industrial enterprises, the creation of new types of chemical and nuclear weapons, deforestation and water pollution - the scale of destruction that man brings to the planet is becoming terrifying. To avoid a catastrophe and save resources for the life of descendants, every inhabitant of the Earth must be involved.