Comprehensive Support for Combat Operations (VOBD) is a set of measures aimed at creating favorable conditions for the fulfillment of assigned tasks.

Types of VOBD:

a. Intelligence service

b. security

c. Electronic warfare (EW)

d. Maxing out

e. Engineering

f. RadiChemBiol Protection (RHBZ)

6. Moral and psychological

7. Rear

8. Technical

Objectives: Increasing the effectiveness of the use of their units and reducing the effectiveness of enemy actions.

a. Intelligence service

1. obtaining information about the enemy, terrain, area of ​​the terrain.

19. Reconnaissance of the enemy, terrain

20. Surveillance, eavesdropping

21. Radar reconnaissance

22. Engineering intelligence

b. security

1. Prevent the penetration of enemy intelligence

2. Eliminate a surprise attack by a ground enemy

3. Ensuring Time to Deploy Before Combat

23. Organization combat duty

24. Warning of guarded troops about immediate threats and danger of attack by a ground enemy

25. Identification and destruction of enemy intelligence

26. Conducting combat operations in front of the front

27. In battle - combat, on the march - marching, when located on the spot - sentry.

1. Reducing the effectiveness of the use of equipment and RE means of the enemy

2. Protection from enemy reconnaissance means

3. Ensuring the health of controls

d. Camouflage (tactical)

1. Reduced vulnerability to fire

2. Achieving stealth, secrecy mode

3. Misleading the enemy about the composition, location, number of troops, misinformation.

4. Ensuring communication security



5. Opposition to intelligence

e. Engineering support

Creating conditions for

3. timely and covert advancement of units

4. solving combat missions and security.

28. Engineering intelligence

29. Fortification equipment

31. Demining

Objectives: Reduce losses from the use of RCB weapons

6. Moral and psychological support

1. Formation, maintenance, restoration of the state of aircraft necessary for the performance of combat missions

2. Informing about the enemy

32. Inform-educational work

33. Psychological work

34. Military social work

35. Cultural and leisure work

36. Protection from the moral influence of the enemy

7. Logistics

Objectives: maintaining the combat readiness and combat capability of personnel and equipment.

e. Delivery material resources

f. Refueling equipment

g. Power l / s

h. Medical support

8. Technical support

Objectives: Supporting combat readiness by completing and maintaining military equipment, preparing weapons and equipment for use in various conditions.

11. The essence and content of management, the requirements for it.

Subunit management consists in the purposeful activity of the commander in maintaining the constant combat and mobilization readiness of subunits, preparing them for combat and leading or performing combat missions.

The main goal of management is the most efficient execution tasks with minimal losses.

Management tasks:

1. Maintaining high combat and mobilization readiness

2. Continuous collection and assessment of data, conditions

3. Decision making

4. Bringing tasks to subordinates

5. Combat Planning

6. Organization and support of interaction

7. Organization of all types of support

8. Management of the training of subordinate troops

9. Direct control in the performance of combat missions

10. Organization of control and assistance to subordinates

11. Maintaining a high moral and psychological state

Management principles

1. Unity of leadership (not inconsistency)

2. Unity of command

3. Firmness and perseverance

4. Centralization

5. Prompt and flexible response

6. Personal responsibility of the commander

Management should be:

Sustainable (correct understanding of the task, skillful organizational work)

Continuous (timely data collection, comprehensive assessment, timely decisions, clear problem statement)

Operational (carry out the entire management cycle on time, use management automation tools)

Covert (hidden placement of command posts, classified communications)

The order of work of the commander of the unit for the organization of combat.

1. Studying and understanding the task (goal of action, place and role of the unit)

2. Time calculation

3. Assessment of the situation (forecast, analysis of factors)

4. Definition of intent

5. Decision making

6. Reconnaissance (indication of landmarks, position of the enemy)

7. Issuing a combat order

8. Organization of interaction, combat support

9. Checking the readiness for the task

10. Report to the senior boss

11. Organization of the task

13. Basic rules for the development and maintenance of graphic combat documents.

Own - red, enemies - blue

Own art positions, connection - black

With the help of the work map, the commander can understand the task, make a decision, etc.

Requirements for combat documents:

Practicality

· Visibility

Clarity (no ambiguous interpretation allowed)

Geographical objects are indicated in CAPITAL letters

The direction of advance is indicated by several points throughout the depth

Destruction of the target - strikethrough

Required items:

1. Service header

3. Signature of an official

4. Date (Moscow time, or local time with an additional reservation.)

- time H can be indicated, that is, the moment of initial contact with the enemy.

The card must be:

1. Visual (clear and clear display of the combat situation)

2. With a full drawing of the situation (all the necessary information)

3. Accurate (must be true)

Each officer must keep a map in such a way that he can understand it.

The order of data entry:

1. Data about the enemy

2. Location of own troops, radiation and chemical conditions

3. Position, nature of actions of neighbors

4. Tasks of the higher unit

5. Areas of fire strikes

6. Tasks of the unit

7. Problems of immediate neighbors

8. Line of entry into battle of the 2nd echelon

9. Attached firing positions

10. Place of control points

11. Place rear and other units

12. Meteorological data

The place and role of the branch in defensive battle. Contents of the fire card (outline)

The MSO usually operates as part of a platoon or combat guard.

The transition to the defense can be carried out in conditions of direct contact with the enemy or without.

Without contact with the enemy, the commander indicates the main, reserve positions, the system of fire, determines the distance to landmarks, and organizes observation.

In conditions of contact - quick capture and occupation of positions, organization of observation and fire systems.

MSO defends up to 100m along the front.

Between fighters along the front 6-8m, between infantry fighting vehicles 100m.

The defense formations of the MSO include: battle formation (maneuvering group, fire group and infantry fighting vehicles), fighting position(main and spare) and fire system (fire zone).

After taking up a combat position, the personnel of the squad proceed to fortification ( military science about artificial closures and barriers that strengthen the disposition of troops during the battle and are therefore called fortifications).

Motorized rifle squad fire card.

Combat support consists of the following main types.

Intelligence service

Gathering information about the deployment, weapons, numbers, engineering preparation of positions, the combat security system, the enemy’s communications system, as well as the enemy’s planned hostilities. The regular units carrying out reconnaissance in the troops are reconnaissance platoon (rv) in the battalion reconnaissance company (RR) in the regiment / brigade, separate reconnaissance battalion (orb) in the division separate reconnaissance regiment / brigade in the army / district.

Defense against weapons of mass destruction

Abbreviated ZOMP - a set of measures to protect personnel from the effects of nuclear, chemical and bacteriological (biological) weapons. The protection of personnel in the initial stages is carried out by the forces of the line units themselves. The regular units in the troops that carry out a comprehensive ZOMP are chemical defense platoon in the regiment chemical protection company (rhz) in the brigade, separate battalion of radiation, chemical and biological protection (obrkhbz) within the division separate regiment / brigade of radiation, chemical and biological protection (oprkhbz / obrrkhbz)- as part of the army / district.

Disguise

A set of measures to hide from the enemy the true location of their units, personnel and military equipment, maintain their combat capability and ensure surprise actions. It is carried out by own forces of linear divisions.

Engineering support

A set of measures aimed at successfully overcoming obstacles to the offensive of their own troops (building crossings, installing bridges, demining minefields, making passages in the obstacles set by the enemy, etc.), measures to complicate the advance of the advancing enemy (laying minefields, installing anti-tank barriers, installation of anti-personnel barriers, etc.), measures to protect personnel and military equipment from the damaging effects of enemy fire weapons (arrangement of a system of trenches and trenches, caponiers for military equipment, dugouts, arrangement of firing points, etc.). The regular units in the troops providing comprehensive engineering support are, engineer sapper platoon (sv) in a separate battalion engineering and sapper company (ISR) in the regiment / brigade, separate engineer-sapper battalion (OISB) in the division separate engineer regiment / brigade (OISP / OISBR) in the army / district.

Chemical supply

A set of measures to create units necessary conditions to perform assigned tasks in an environment of radioactive, chemical and bacteriological (biological) contamination, as well as masking their actions with smoke and aerosols. The measures consist of radiation and chemical reconnaissance, timely and skillful use of personal and collective protective equipment, dosimetric monitoring, special treatment for degassing and decontamination, as well as the use of masking fumes and aerosols. The regular units in the troops providing chemical support are a chemical protection platoon as part of a regiment, a chemical protection company as part of a brigade / division, a chemical protection battalion as part of a division / corps, a chemical protection regiment / brigade as part of an army / district. Also, regular chemical protection units are assigned the function of using flamethrower and incendiary weapons in combat conditions, which essentially equates them to line units (the concept of a line unit).

security

A set of measures to prevent a surprise attack by the enemy on their own troops, as well as to prevent reconnaissance and sabotage units of the enemy in the places of deployment of units of their own troops. Depending on the nature of the combat mission performed by the subunits, guarding can be marching, guard, combat, and direct. The main elements of any type of protection is the organization of guard duty and patrolling the area. It is carried out by the own forces of line units, guard companies and battalions and commandant units.

Connection

A set of measures to organize communication between units and commanders at all levels, aimed at the successful completion of combat missions, at reliable command and control of troops and at effective interaction between units. The regular units in the troops providing communications are communications platoon (Sun) in the battalion communications company (rs) regiment / brigade, separate communications battalion (obs) in the division separate regiment / communications brigade (ops / obrs) in the army / district.

Additional types of combat support for military branches

Airborne support

A set of measures to provide airborne troops, special forces, parachute reconnaissance units of the ground forces with technical means for parachute landing - human parachute systems, parachute systems for airborne vehicles and armored vehicles, drop containers and platforms for weapons, ammunition and equipment, allowing the airborne troops to solve their combat missions. The regular units providing integrated airborne support are paratrooper platoon (up to) for paratrooper battalion, paratrooper company (pdo) for the regiment / brigade, separate airborne support battalion (obdo) for airborne division .

Radar support

A set of measures to provide radar information command posts anti-aircraft missile formations and units of military air defense and missile defense. It is carried out by the forces of the Radiotechnical Troops. AT armed forces various states, parts of the radio engineering troops are either part of the Air Force, or part of the air defense / missile defense forces, or are available in each branch of the military. They are military units armed with mobile or stationary radar stations that serve to notify air defense / missile defense units of the appearance air enemy with complete information about the enemy (number of air targets, speed, altitude, range, course of advance, dimensions of targets). By its essence radar support for the air defense / missile defense forces is a complete analogue of such a type of combat support as intelligence service for

Comprehensive support for the actions of the unit consists in organizing and implementing measures aimed at maintaining combat readiness and maintaining its combat capability, as well as creating favorable conditions for the successful and timely fulfillment of the assigned tasks. It includes combat, technical and logistic support.

Combat support

Combat support consists in organizing and implementing measures aimed at preventing a sudden attack by the enemy, reducing the effectiveness of his strikes against our troops, and creating favorable conditions for him to enter the battle in an organized and timely manner and successfully conduct it. Combat support is organized on the basis of the decision of the commander in all types of combat, as well as during movement and deployment on the spot.

Combat support includes:

§ exploration;

§ protection;

§ protection against weapons of mass destruction;

§ tactical camouflage;

§ engineering support;

§ chemical supply;

§ moral and psychological support.

§ electronic warfare.

Important directions measures of all types of combat support is protection against precision weapons enemy and light support at night and in other conditions of limited visibility.

Intelligence is the most important type of combat support. It is carried out in any situation in order to obtain data about the enemy and the terrain.

The obtained information is transmitted by all possible ways commander who assigned the task of conducting reconnaissance. Especially important information are reported immediately. Intelligence information is obtained:

observation;

eavesdropping;

reconnaissance ambushes;

raids;

poll local residents;

interrogation of prisoners and defectors;

the study of documents, samples of weapons and equipment captured from the enemy.

Information about the enemy can also be obtained from higher headquarters, attached units, and from neighbors.

Troop reconnaissance is conducted by reconnaissance and combat reconnaissance patrols, patrol squads and observation posts.

The reconnaissance patrol is sent as part of the reconnaissance platoon and as part of the MSV (TV). The reconnaissance patrol operates at a distance of up to 15 km from its subunits.

Combat reconnaissance patrol. It operates in front of the front or on one of the flanks of the battalion (company) at a distance that provides observation of it and support it with fire, and in the absence of direct contact with the enemy - at a distance of up to 10 km from its units.

A patrol squad (tank) is sent from a reconnaissance subunit for the timely detection of the enemy and reconnaissance of the area. It operates at a distance providing observation of it and supporting it with fire. The patrol squad performs the task on infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers or on foot, and in winter on skis. It conducts reconnaissance by observation and foot patrols, and the patrol tank - by observation.

The observation post consists of 2 - 3 observers, one of which is appointed senior. The post is equipped with observation devices, a large-scale map or map of the area, an observation log, a compass, a clock, means of communication, illumination and alerting. The task assigned to the observation post is recorded in the observation log.

Protection is organized to prevent the enemy from penetrating to the guarded troops, to detect the appearance of a ground enemy in a timely manner, to warn the guarded troops about him and to ensure their deployment and entry into battle.

Direct security is organized in the platoon and squad, it is carried out by sentries, patrols, and secrets. Personnel assigned to security guards must be in constant combat readiness: observe the established order of duty, the order and order of rest, camouflage measures, show high vigilance, determination, and steadfastness. For every day, a pass and recall are established to identify their military personnel. The pass is communicated orally to all personnel. All persons who do not know the pass are detained. A battalion or company is protected in battle - combat, on the march - marching, when located on the spot - sentry and in all cases, in addition - direct protection.

Protection against weapons of mass destruction is organized with the aim of preventing or minimizing as much as possible the defeat of subunits by nuclear, chemical and biological weapons of the enemy, reducing the effectiveness of its impact and thereby maintaining the combat capability of subunits and ensuring their successful completion of their tasks.

WMD protection includes:

timely detection of enemy nuclear, chemical and bacteriological (biological) weapons;

use of the protective properties of equipment and terrain;

engineering equipment of the terrain occupied by units and camouflage;

warning units of an immediate threat and the beginning of the use of weapons of mass destruction by the enemy, prompt notification of personnel about radioactive, chemical and bacteriological contamination;

conducting special medical events;

ensuring the safety of personnel during operations in contaminated areas, in areas of destruction, fires and floods;

the dispersal of units and the periodic change of areas of their location;

identification and elimination of the consequences of the use of weapons of mass destruction by the enemy.

Tactical camouflage contributes to achieving surprise in the actions of subunits and reducing their losses.

It aims to hide the actual position of its subunits from the ground and air reconnaissance of the enemy and mislead him about the formation order of battle and activities of the unit. To do this, subunits must be located or moved using the terrain and its camouflage capabilities, and at night strictly observe blackout. For camouflage of equipment and personnel, standard-issue camouflage equipment is used, improvised materials are widely used in all conditions of combat training.

Engineering support is organized and carried out in order to create the subsection of the necessary conditions for timely and covert advancement, deployment and maneuver, to increase the protection of personnel, weapons and equipment from weapons, as well as to inflict losses on the enemy and hinder his actions.

Engineering support in the battalion includes:

engineering reconnaissance of the enemy, terrain and objects;

fortification equipment of strong points, positions and areas of location of units;

implementation of engineering measures for camouflage and protection against high-precision weapons;

installation of engineering barriers;

making passages in barriers, destruction and arranging passages through obstacles:

equipment and maintenance of crossings;

extraction, purification of water and equipment of points of water supply.

Chemical support is organized and carried out in order to exclude or minimize losses of subunits from enemy weapons of mass destruction, as well as to disguise subunits with aerosols (smoke) and inflict losses on the enemy with incendiary weapons.

The notification of personnel is organized by single and permanent signals: about radioactive contamination - "Radioactive danger": about chemical and biological contamination - "Chemical alarm". Alert signals are given at the direction of the battalion (company) commander. When chemical contamination is detected, warning signals are sent to chemical observation posts (observers)

give on their own. At the warning signal of radioactive, chemical and biological contamination, the personnel, when operating on foot and in open vehicles, put on individual protective equipment. When in closed combat vehicles, the personnel put on respirators (gas masks), close hatches, doors, loopholes, blinds and turn on the WMD protection system.

Chemical supply includes:

radiation and chemical reconnaissance;

timely use of personal and collective protective equipment;

radiation and chemical control;

special processing units;

the use of aerosols (smoke) and incendiary weapons.

Electronic warfare is organized and conducted in order to disorganize the control of the opposing enemy's subunits, reduce the effectiveness of the use of his weapons, reconnaissance technical means, and also to ensure the stability of the operation of the means of controlling one's own subunits and weapons. It is carried out in close combination with fire engagement and destruction of the main means of command and control of enemy subunits in accordance with the solution of reconnaissance and camouflage tasks and is carried out by performing separate measures for electronic suppression, electronic protection of own means of commanding subunits (weapons) and counteracting enemy reconnaissance means.

The high mobility of troops, the accuracy, range and power of weapons, as well as the ability to envelop the enemy in the air, make it possible to quickly concentrate efforts on a decisive direction, quickly switch from one type of combat operations to another and deliver surprise strikes. In this regard, a sharp increase in tension should be expected. combat use weapons and equipment, resource consumption, increased losses of weapons and equipment.

Combat support of troops- this is a system of measures fixed in the order of service instructions, requirements of military and combat regulations that creates conditions for the successful completion of combat missions by troops in the combat zone. Along with technical and logistic support, it is the main and inalienable factor in the full-fledged functioning of the troops.

How combat, and technical support are elements of the military economy, because they include the material and technical base of the military unit, use land, consume and use a significant amount of material values. Significant expenses are required for the normal functioning of combat and technical support facilities Money for their creation, acquisition, maintenance and maintenance.

A major role in maintaining the combat readiness of the troops is played by the technical condition and maintenance of weapons, military and special equipment. To solve these problems, military units contain special units and related services have been established. The solution of some tasks of combat and technical support is carried out by ordinary units in daily activities and during planned combat training. Under normal conditions, military units must contain a sufficient amount of material assets to make it possible to carry out combat and technical support activities in peacetime and wartime.

Troop economy includes elements combat support and maintenance activities. These types of support are associated with significant expenditures of money and the provision of material values ​​according to the nomenclatures of the armed forces and services that are responsible for them. Officials of the financial bodies of the Armed Forces Russian Federation must finance and control the costs of claiming, receiving, storing, issuing and consuming material assets used in the organization of combat and technical support.

The services of the military unit responsible for technical support, as well as the types of troops and services that ensure the combat activities of the troops, must interact with the contenting financial authorities. The elements of the military economy that characterize combat and technical support are the objects of the material and technical base of the military unit and the relationships that arise during its operation or use.

Combat support organized and carried out in order to increase the effectiveness of the use of their units and reduce the effectiveness of the use of troops, forces and means of the enemy. The types of combat support for military operations of a military unit are reconnaissance, security, electronic warfare, tactical camouflage, engineering support,.

The economic essence of combat support is a set of economic measures designed to ensure the activities of combat support services in the interests of the troops. Its basis is the accumulation and efficient use of material, monetary, informational, human and other resources. A set of economic measures is economic system with the change object in the action center with login and logout after changing the parameters of the object.

On the other hand, the economic essence lies in the provision of military services in the areas of combat support to units and subunits, subject to the indispensable condition for the effective use of resources, which consists in reducing budget expenditures while maintaining the quality of military services.

Combat support organized by the respective chiefs of arms and services under the leadership of the chief of staff of the military unit. It is organized on the basis of the decision of the commander of the military unit, his instructions and orders from higher headquarters and services. To solve the tasks of combat support in the troops, there are specialized units and subunits. They can stand alone or be part of others. military units. Their functions can also be performed by specially trained units and military personnel.

In analyzing the types of combat support and their place in the system and economy of the military economy, it is necessary to determine their purpose and structure.

Intelligence service organized and conducted for the purpose of obtaining reconnaissance information about the enemy and the terrain in the area of ​​forthcoming operations. They are necessary for the preparation and successful completion of the tasks ahead. The main reconnaissance efforts are concentrated on eliminating the surprise of enemy actions and on timely provision of command with intelligence information necessary for the use of subunits, weapons and military equipment. The solution of reconnaissance tasks is achieved, as a rule, by obtaining, collecting, processing and bringing to the commander and headquarters intelligence information about reconnaissance objects, plans and actions of the enemy.

The sources of intelligence information are the troops, weapons and military equipment, individual enemy servicemen, local residents, various documents, as well as their higher headquarters, the headquarters of subordinate, cooperating and other troops.

The troops conduct military, radar, artillery, engineering, radiation, chemical and biological reconnaissance. Intelligence information is obtained by observation, eavesdropping, searches, reconnaissance ambushes, raids, interviewing local residents, interrogating prisoners and defectors, studying documents, samples of weapons and equipment seized from the enemy, and in other ways.

Observation of the enemy is carried out continuously. The organization of observation must provide the best view of the enemy and the terrain in front of the front, on the flanks and in the rear. Eavesdropping is carried out by military intelligence and security agencies mainly at night and in other conditions of limited visibility. For observation should be used:

Technical means of observation (binoculars, stereo tubes, night vision devices, night and conventional optical sights and etc.);
- various structures (observation posts, observation towers, etc.);
- compasses, watches, tablets;
- means of communication, illumination and notification signals.

Radar reconnaissance is carried out by reconnaissance radar posts of combined arms, reconnaissance and artillery units. It obtains information about ground objects (targets), determines their nature and location. For radar reconnaissance, radar stations are used for reconnaissance of ground moving targets, as well as serifs of firing guns, mortars and rocket launchers.

Artillery reconnaissance detects and determines the coordinates of artillery and other objects (targets) of the enemy; carries out pre-reconnaissance of objects (targets) scheduled for destruction; monitors the position and actions of the enemy and friendly troops. To conduct it, it is necessary to use means of monitoring or controlling targets.

Engineering reconnaissance is conducted by reconnaissance agencies, as well as reconnaissance sappers included in the combined arms units. For its conduct, the personnel involved for these purposes are equipped with appropriate equipment and property.

Radiation and chemical reconnaissance is carried out by radiation and chemical observation posts (observers of the radiation and chemical situation) from the trained squads, crews and crews. Posts are equipped with devices for radiation and chemical reconnaissance, observation, maps or terrain diagrams, observation logs, compasses, watches, tablets, communications and lighting equipment.

security organized and carried out with the aim of preventing enemy reconnaissance from penetrating into the area of ​​operation (disposition) of friendly troops, to exclude a sudden attack on them by a ground enemy and to provide protected units (subunits) with time and favorable conditions for deployment (combat readiness) and entry into battle.

Main tasks security are:

Organization and performance of combat duty; warning protected troops of the immediate threat and danger of an attack by a ground enemy;
- identification, defeat and destruction of enemy reconnaissance forces and means, its sabotage and reconnaissance groups and irregular armed formations;
- conducting combat operations in front of the front, on the flanks and in the rear of units with forward detachments, infiltrated enemy groups, irregular armed formations and providing conditions for the deployment and entry into battle of the main forces and reserves;
- Ensuring traffic safety;
- implementation of access control.

Solving security problems is impossible without equipping security facilities with buildings (guard houses, sheds, fencing, etc.) and various means (alarm, control, warning, etc.).

Electronic warfare organized and conducted in order to:

Reducing the effectiveness of the use of weapons, military equipment and electronic means of the enemy;
- protection of weapons and military equipment from enemy reconnaissance equipment;
- ensuring the stability of the systems and means of controlling their troops and weapons.

In a military unit, measures are organized and carried out for electronic destruction and electronic protection of their means of controlling units (weapons).

Electronic damage includes electronic suppression and changes in propagation (reflection) conditions electromagnetic waves. In addition, in combination with the destruction of enemy targets by fire, the destruction of his electronic means by functional destruction ammunition can be organized. Radio-electronic suppression consists in the impact on the enemy's electronic means by the means of setting active and passive jamming installed on the protected vehicles, as well as by the attached (supporting) means of electronic warfare. Changing the conditions for the propagation (reflection) of electromagnetic waves consists in disrupting the operation of infrared and laser means of reconnaissance and control of enemy weapons by setting up aerosol curtains. Radio stations not involved in command and control of subunits can be used to transmit misinforming commands and signals in the enemy's radio networks, create radio interference, and simulate the activities of subunits in false areas.

Electronic protection is carried out by taking measures to eliminate (weaken) the impact on their radio-electronic objects of the enemy’s electronic weapons, electronic pulses, ionizing radiation and unintentional (mutual) radio interference (ensuring the electromagnetic compatibility of radio-electronic means of their troops), as well as to protect units from reconnaissance technical means enemy.

tactical disguise organized and carried out in order to mislead the enemy (deception) about the composition, position, condition, purpose and nature of the actions of units (weapons and military equipment), the concept of upcoming actions and is aimed at achieving surprise actions, increasing survivability and maintaining the combat capability of troops. The main tasks of tactical camouflage are to ensure the secrecy of the activities of units (weapons and military equipment), the plausibility of the false intentions of the command and the activities of the troops.

Covert activity is achieved by preventing (excluding) the leakage of information about the activities of subunits, eliminating (weakening) the unmasking signs of their actions, creating conditions under which the use of enemy reconnaissance forces and means becomes impossible or ineffective.

The plausibility of false intentions is achieved by showing their location and nature of actions (functioning) on ​​false (secondary) directions (regions), equipment and maintenance of false objects.

Ways to perform tasks of tactical camouflage are concealment, imitation and demonstrative actions. To solve the problems of tactical camouflage, the industry produces a large number of means that allow creating false objects (inflatable models of equipment and weapons, corner reflectors, etc.). Also, some objects can be made by personnel from improvised means or using faulty equipment and weapons.

Engineering support is organized and carried out in order to create the necessary conditions for subunits to perform combat missions, increase their protection against weapons of destruction, as well as to inflict losses on the enemy with engineering ammunition and complicate his actions.

Main tasks engineering support are:

Engineering reconnaissance of the enemy, terrain and objects;
- fortification equipment of areas, strongholds, lines and positions occupied by subunits, and areas of deployment of command and observation posts;
- arrangement and maintenance of engineering barriers;
- preparation (production) of destruction;
- making and maintaining passages in barriers and destruction;
- clearance of terrain and objects; -
- preparation and maintenance of maneuver routes for units;
- equipment of crossings when forcing (overcoming) water barriers;
- equipment and maintenance of field water supply points;
- participation in countering the systems of reconnaissance and guidance of enemy weapons, concealment (camouflage), imitation of troops and objects, providing disinformation and demonstrative actions;
- elimination of consequences of impact various kinds enemy weapons and natural and man-made hazards.

Engineering support tasks are performed by all divisions. They are erecting structures for firing and observation, shelters for personnel, weapons, military equipment and other materiel on their own; cover with engineering barriers and mask their positions and areas of location; lay and designate the path of movement; overcome barriers and obstacles; equip crossings over water barriers; equip points of water supply with the use of personnel funds. Engineering units perform the most complex tasks of engineering support, requiring special training of personnel, the use of engineering ammunition and equipment.

Radiation, chemical and biological protection organized and carried out in order to reduce the impact on units damaging factors weapons of mass destruction, high-precision and other types of weapons, destruction (accidents) of radiation, chemically and biologically hazardous objects, inflicting losses on the enemy using flamethrower-incendiary means.

Main tasks radiation, chemical and biological protection are:

Identification and assessment of radiation and chemical conditions;
- protection of troops from damaging factors of weapons of mass destruction and radioactive, chemical and biological contamination;
- reducing the visibility of troops and objects;
- the use of flamethrower-incendiary means;
- implementation of measures for radiation, chemical and biological protection during the elimination of the consequences of accidents (destructions) at radiation, chemically and biologically hazardous facilities.

Radiation, chemical and biological protection includes:

Radiation and chemical reconnaissance and control;
- collection and processing of data on radiation, chemical and biological conditions;
- notification of troops about radioactive, chemical and biological contamination;
- use of means of individual and collective protection, protective properties of the terrain, weapons, military equipment and other objects;
- special treatment of units (subdivisions), disinfection of terrain, military facilities and structures;
- aerosol countermeasures against enemy reconnaissance and weapon control means;
- the use of radio absorbing materials and foam coatings;
- the use of flamethrower-incendiary means.

Technical support is organized and carried out in order to maintain the combat readiness and combat capability of units in terms of the availability of ready-to-use (combat use) weapons, military equipment and the provision of missiles, ammunition, military-technical equipment. Its main tasks are: providing weapons, military equipment, missiles, ammunition and military equipment; their proper operation, restoration and other tasks.

Provision of weapons, military equipment, missiles, ammunition and military-technical property is carried out centrally by supplying agencies, as well as through transfer from other units and restoration by the forces and means of a senior commander.

In order to provide missiles, ammunition and military-technical equipment, their stocks are created in the established amounts. Stockpiles of missiles, ammunition and military-technical property are kept and transported by the transport of support units, in combat and other vehicles, with weapons and personnel. Stocks are divided into consumables and emergency stocks.

Operation of weapons and military equipment is organized and carried out in order to maintain them in good (workable) condition, which is ensured by their high-quality preparation for use (combat use), continuous monitoring of the technical condition and correct use(combat use) in the course of hostilities. Operation of weapons and military equipment includes their use ( combat use), maintenance, transportation and storage. Preparation of weapons and military equipment for use (use) includes checking their technical condition, carrying out maintenance and necessary additional measures.

Maintenance includes:

Filling cars with fuel;
- checking the serviceability and readiness for use of weapons, firing and observation devices, units, systems and mechanisms, their cleaning, washing, lubrication, alignment and regulation, elimination of minor malfunctions and performance of fixing work;
- charging (recharging) batteries;
- checking the completeness and replenishment of weapons and military equipment with spare parts, tools and accessories, means of increasing patency and other standard equipment;
- checking the availability and serviceability of equipment on vehicles intended for the transportation of personnel, weapons, military equipment and property.

During maintenance, the ammunition load of weapons can be replenished with missiles and ammunition.

The restoration of weapons and military equipment is organized and carried out in order to bring out-of-service weapons and military equipment into readiness for use (use) and return them to service. It includes: technical reconnaissance, evacuation, repair, return to service of repaired (evacuated) weapons and military equipment.

Repair of weapons and military equipment is carried out in order to bring damaged (faulty) samples into a serviceable (workable) condition, as well as to restore the resource (power reserve). First of all, weapons and military equipment are being repaired, which provide the combat capability of units to the greatest extent, and also require the least volume. repair work. Technical support is organized and carried out by deputy commanders of a military unit for armaments and logistics, heads of military branches and services.
Technical support is divided into the following types:

- rocket technology
- artillery and technical;
- tank technical;
- autotechnical;
- engineering and technical;
- metrological;
- technical support for rear services
and etc.

Rocket support- this is a set of measures carried out on missile weapons by the forces and means of the troops together with organizations and industrial enterprises. It includes:

Accumulation up to the established norms of stocks of missiles and warheads for them in the usual;
- equipment, ensuring their technical serviceability and maintenance in the established degrees of combat readiness;
- carrying out routine maintenance;
- ensuring non-failure operation and safety when handling missile weapons;
- its timely preparation for combat use;
- delivery of missiles to the troops;
- technical and special training of personnel.

Artillery and technical support organized in order to maintain constant combat readiness of artillery weapons, small arms and ammunition. The main activities of artillery and technical support are:

Technical preparation of weapons for use, timely implementation of maintenance regulations, adjustment of instruments;
- creation of established stocks of ammunition;
- monitoring the operation and technical condition of weapons;
- timely repair of faulty weapons.

Tank technical support organized to maintain armored vehicles in readiness for combat use.

The main measures of tank technical support are:

Organization of the proper operation of armored vehicles;
- timely maintenance;
- repair of faulty machines;
- ensuring connection (military unit) armored vehicles and property.

Autotechnical support includes the staffing of a formation (military unit) with automotive equipment, the organization of its operation, repair and provision of automotive equipment.

Engineering and technical support aims to maintain engineering equipment in good condition, to ensure their reliable operation. It includes the following activities:

Organization of the correct operation of engineering equipment, its timely repair;
- providing units with the means of repairing engineering weapons.

Metrological support includes carrying out metrological maintenance of military equipment, providing a connection (military unit) with measuring instruments, their correct carrying out and storage, carrying out preventive measures to prevent the causes of a decrease in the efficiency of the operation of weapons and military equipment.

Technical support for rear services is a type of technical support for troops. It is organized and carried out in order to:

Timely staffing of troops with logistics equipment and provision of technical equipment;
- maintenance in good condition, constant readiness to the use and ensuring the reliable operation of rear equipment through technically competent operation, maintenance, maintenance, timely repair and evacuation.

Main tasks technical support for rear services are:

Staffing the troops with logistics equipment, property and operational materials,
- maintenance of rear units at a combat-ready level;
- organization of the correct operation, storage and use of technical means of rear services for their intended purpose;
- timely replacement of units, components and parts that have worked out the established deadlines;
- organization of evacuation and priority restoration (repair) of the most important types of rear equipment with the least amount of work and, if possible, in places (regions) of its failure;
- maximum use of territorial-industrial centers for the repair of equipment.

Noting the economic component of the types of combat and technical support, it is necessary to conclude that all types of combat and technical support are costly. To create conditions for the effective functioning of structures, problem solving combat and technical support, they need to be equipped with technical means, spare parts and other material assets. They are also consumers of other expenses, such as undercover intelligence, equipment, accessories, which entails financing the costs of their acquisition.

Comprehensive combat support consists in the preparation and implementation of measures aimed at maintaining high combat readiness, maintaining combat readiness, and creating favorable conditions for the troops to carry out a combat mission.

Perhaps none of the principles of combat has undergone such a complex evolution as the principle of support. Before comprehensive support was limited to reconnaissance, security, camouflage and rear service. Now it is a very branched system, including four main types of support - combat, moral-psychological, technical and rear , each of which is a complex structure. For example, combat support includes: reconnaissance, security, troop protection, electronic warfare, tactical camouflage, engineering support. The technical support of formations and military units is subdivided into artillery-technical, tank-technical, autotechnical, engineering-technical, chemical-technical, technical support of communication systems and means, technical support for rear services. Logistic support consists of material, transport, medical, veterinary, commercial and household, apartment-operational and financial support. Such a complex system of all-round support is due to the nature of modern combined arms combat, its large scale, decisiveness, tension, maneuverability, and the participation of various types of weapons and military equipment in it.

The role and place of each of the types of support in the system of combat operations at various stages of military development were different. Some of them eventually went beyond supporting measures, becoming an inseparable part of the battle, as happened, for example, with air defense and anti-tank defense, securing joints and flanks, and antiamphibious defense.

Others, such as reconnaissance, electronic warfare, protection, security, and camouflage, having been enriched in the course of wars with new content, continue to be types of combat support, although their importance in achieving success in combat is steadily increasing. Some were independent for some time, and then began to relate to special types security. Such changes in the classification are due to a change in the role and importance of types of support in the course of preparation and conduct of combat operations.

Adoption after World War II nuclear weapons, and later high-precision, development and widespread introduction of electronics into the troops, automated systems, robotics has largely changed the functions of all types of software. In connection with the possibility of a surprise attack by the enemy, the importance of reconnaissance, electronic warfare, protection, and camouflage has sharply increased. At the same time, a number of types of support acquire a new function - ensuring the survivability of troops, and the protection of troops becomes one of the principles of combat. At the same time, it would be unlawful to divide supporting activities into main and secondary ones - all of them are important, closely interconnected, complement each other and are aimed at achieving common purpose, which lies in the fact that the troops do not lack anything. These measures must be carried out continuously both during preparation and during combat. Their organization and implementation is one of the main duties of commanders and staffs.

It is also important to note such a trend in the development of types of support as the integration of some of its types, turning them into single integrated systems. As the means of warfare develop and combat operations become more complex, new, higher requirements are imposed on all types of support, first of all, purposefulness, compliance with the battle plan, continuity, activity, secrecy, efficiency and complexity.

Colonel V.A. KISELEV, I.N. VOROBYEV