Professional self-realization of the individual. Opportunities for self-realization of the individual

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Introduction

self-realization personality autosympathy

For modern society, the problem of self-realization seems to be the main, key one. At present, a special interest in the problem of self-realization of the individual is due to the understanding that self-realization is a certain determining factor in the development of the individual. Today, the requirements for a modern person are quite high. Socio-economic conditions (high competition in the labor market) determine the prerequisites for self-development and self-improvement. According to the fair statement of E. V. Fedosenko, “only a successfully self-realizing specialist with a harmonious, versatile personality can affect the successful self-realization of a child.” That is why the problem of self-realization of the individual has been so actively developed recently, both by foreign and domestic psychologists.

R. R. Ishmukhamedov notes that the recent special interest in the psychology of self-realization is due to two classes of reasons: socio-historical and scientific.

The psychohistorical context of understanding the problem of self-realization defines the essence of the basic concept as "the process of realizing one's own capabilities gradually realized by people, which is becoming more and more understandable to people as something that provides the meaning and value of their own human existence." The need for self-realization is closely connected with the evolution of man himself, the development of humanistic principles of existence in him. We can say that this is an inevitable process of the development of civilization.

Of interest is the fact that in the current public life self-realization of the individual becomes a kind of norm, a social standard, “almost a cultural stereotype”. difference modern man from people representing other eras lies in the value-semantic foundations of his life, in other determinants of behavior. As a result, "an integral part of the motivational-demand sphere of many people of our time living in developed countries became the need for individual self-realization. All of the above determines the relevance of our work.

The problems of self-realization have been and are being dealt with by both established classical psychologists and young scientists. Among those who laid the foundation for the study of self-realization of the individual, one can single out B. G. Ananiev, L. S. Vygotsky, A. N. Leontiev. D. A. Leontiev, A. G. Maslow, A. K. Osnitsky, S. L. Rubinshtein and others.

Our study is conducted on university graduates of the last 3 years. As a result, the purpose of the study is to determine the severity of professional self-realization of the personality of graduates. The object of the study is the self-realization of the individual, and the subject is the features of the self-realization of the individual in professional activities.

Based on the foregoing, a working hypothesis of the study is formed: the degree of involvement of a person in professional activities affects the formation and severity of self-fulfilling characteristics of graduates.

In accordance with the purpose and hypothesis, the following research tasks were set:

1. Theoretical analysis research on the problem of personality self-realization in domestic and foreign psychology

2. empirical research formation of self-realization of graduates.

Research methods: Methods of express diagnostics of situational self-actualization of personality (SSL); self-actualization test (E. Shostrom - A. Maslow); observation; theoretical analysis.

The theoretical foundations of the work were the following sources:

A. Maslow "Far Limits of the Human Psyche", "Motivation and Personality"; K. Rogers “A look at psychotherapy. The formation of man"; E. Fromm "The Soul of Man"; A. Asmolov "Psychology of personality"; B. Bratus "Anomalies of personality"; R. R. Ishmukhametov "Problems of self-realization of the individual."

The work consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references.

1. Theoreticalbasicsself-realizationpersonalities

1.1 historicalandtheoreticaljustificationProblemsself-realizationpersonalities

The first appearance of the term "self-realization" is noted in the Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology, published in 1892 in London. However, self-realization becomes an independent subject of scientific research only in the middle of the 20th century. The development of the problem of self-realization of the individual is attributed to the 50s of the XX century. The rejection of the analytical approach to a person and the general intention to consider the personality in its integrity and indivisibility led European scientists to delve into the problem of self-realization of the personality, without dwelling in detail on the theoretical substantiation of the original thesis. They understood personality as unique system, which is not something predetermined, but " open opportunity» self-actualization.

It is absolutely obvious that the very idea of self-realization of the individual arises in humanistic psychology, the main postulates of which can be considered the following statements:

1) a person as an integral being exceeds the sum of his components: the study of his particular manifestations does not allow him to be understood in integrity;

2) human existence unfolds in the context of human relations: a person and his manifestations cannot be explained by a theory that does not take into account interpersonal experience;

3) a person is aware of himself and cannot be understood by science that does not take into account his continuous, multi-level self-consciousness;

4) a person has a certain degree of freedom from external determination: a person has a choice and is not a passive observer of the process of his existence, he himself tories his own experience, thanks to the meanings and values that guide him in his choice;

5) a person is endowed with the potential for continuous development and self-realization, which are part of his nature.

However, the idea of self-actualization itself arose long before the formation of humanistic psychology. It comes from the works of K-G. Jung, A. Adler, K. Horney and others. Consonant ideas can be found in the works of psychologists in the 1930s-1950s.

For K-G. Jung, self-realization, which he included in the process of individuation, acts as a person's desire to become himself, to become a single, homogeneous being. Self-realization is the evolution of the self from the unconscious to moral ideals. This is one of the main life tasks of a person.

A. Adler sees the purpose of a person in overcoming his own inferiority, in the urge to improve himself, to develop his abilities. Achieving your goals in work, friendship and love allows a person to live life to the fullest. Having substantiated the concept of a "life style" and "life plan" unique for each person, A. Adler in many respects anticipated the ideas of humanistic psychology about the self-realization of the individual.

In domestic science, the "starting point" in the development of many complex issues of psychology, including the methodological foundations of the problem of self-realization of the individual, is rightly considered the concept of JI. S. Vygotsky. He was the first to abandon the principle of mental reflection in the process of human interaction with the world in favor of the principle of generating a new reality of a dual nature - "subjectively distorted objective reality". It is this reality that becomes for a person the very “outside”, from where he can influence himself. The function of the psyche, according to L. S. Vygotsky, is to change the world in such a way "so that one can act." J.I. S. Vygotsky substantiates the principle of systemic determination of the psyche and human behavior.

In the development of the ideas of system determination special meaning belongs to the concept of C. JI. Rubinstein. First of all, the very introduction of the personality principle into psychology served as the basis for actualizing attention to personal problems. And the famous postulate of S. L. Rubinshtein that external conditions determine the result of the impact on a person not directly and directly, but refracting through internal specific mental and psychological conditions, connected the external and internal in a single interaction. In the first place are internal causes, and external acts only as conditions. The author unambiguously formulates this: “Strictly speaking, internal conditions act as causes (the problem of self-development, self-movement, the driving forces of development, the sources of development are in the process of development itself as its internal causes), and external causes act as conditions, as circumstances.”

The theory of determinism by S. L. Rubinshtein leads to the need to identify and study self-movement, self-development.

A. N. Leontiev made a significant contribution to the development of a systematic approach to the study of the mental. He developed the formula of S. L. Rubinshtein, shifting the pole of determination as follows: "the internal (subject) acts through the external and thereby changes itself." It should be emphasized that A. N. Leontiev speaks of the self-change of the subject. From here it is only a step to the problem of self-realization and explanation of its sources. Personality, according to A. N. Leontiev, is not the result of “a direct layering of external influences; it acts as what a person makes of himself, asserting his human life” and further: “personality cannot develop within the framework of consumption, its development necessarily implies a shift of needs to creation, which alone knows no boundaries.” The following theses of A. N. Leontiev are also significant: “A person lives, as it were, in an ever-expanding reality for him. Initially, this is a narrow circle of people and objects directly surrounding him, interaction with them ..., assimilation of their meaning. But then a reality begins to open before him, which lies far beyond the limits of his practical activity and direct communication: the boundaries of the cognizable world he represents are moving apart. The true “field”, which now determines his actions, is not just present, but existing ... ”(emphasized by A. N. Leontiev). For A. N. Leontiev, the formation of personality is associated with the development of the process of goal formation. And the goal is always an image of the future result, the achievement of which is impossible without the realization of the essential forces of a person, without his "self-activity".

Formulated by C. JI. Rubinshtein and A. N. Leontiev, the principles of determinism set the possibility of reaching a higher level of systemic vision of psychological phenomena. V.P. Zinchenko and E.B. Morgunov write about the same, emphasizing that in last years A. N. Leontiev stopped insisting that the psyche is a reflection, and brought to the fore the problem of generating an image of the world. This is the path to a new problem field, and the contours of the problem of self-realization are marked quite clearly along this path.

In addition, it is important to understand that the origins of ideas about the self-realization of personality in Russian psychology are directly related to the introduction of the concept of personality, with the study by V. M. Bekhterev of the driving forces of its development. It is from this that the theory of understanding human potentials, formulated by B. G. Ananiev, grows. B. G. Ananiev, analyzing the current situation in the science of man, explains the genesis of the potentials of the individual by the fact that each group of properties of the human personality is a system open to the outside world. It is in cooperation with outside world manifests "the activity of the creative, creative activity of man, the embodiment, the realization in it of all the great possibilities of the historical nature of man" .

Thus, one can strictly agree with the statement of L. A. Korostyleva, who says that today “self-realization of the individual as a separate psychological problem has been identified and studied from the perspective of the psychology of self-realization of the individual in the main areas of life.

Based on the foregoing, we can agree on two non-contradictory, but complementary, basic definitions for our work of self-realization of the individual. One of them was proposed by R. R. Ishmukhametov, who defines the self-realization of the individual as a mental, cognitive aspect of activity, theoretical activity, work on the inner plane. Self-realization, thus, tends to manifest itself "in the construction and adjustment, restructuring of the "I concept", the picture of the world and the life plan, the awareness of the results of previous activities (the formation of the concept of the past)" .

The second definition, which in many respects supplements the above definition, is offered by L. A. Korostyleva, who points out that “personal self-realization is the realization of the possibilities of developing the Self through one’s own efforts, collaboration, co-creation with other people (near and distant environment), society and the world as a whole . Self-realization involves a balanced, harmonious development of various aspects of the personality through the application of adequate efforts aimed at the development of genetic, individual and personal potentials.

Proceeding from this, the content of self-realization models is based on the axiomatic thesis that self-realization, being the subject of self-consciousness, is conditioned by “the relationship of a person’s attitude to the situation, to himself, to other people, to society, to the world around him, to value orientations.”

The idea of the psychological determinants of self-realization is based on the psychological concept of the regulatory role of consciousness in human activity. This concept assumes that self-consciousness serves as an integrating basis of human psychological activity.

The study of personality self-realization as a holistic psychological phenomenon presented on different levels of the psyche, in its procedural aspect and manifested in the context of life, made it possible to more clearly and systematically describe its phenomena. In accordance with the specifics of the phenomenon of self-realization of the personality, the developed theoretical model includes mechanisms that regulate self-realization: motivational-semantic (characterized by an increase in meaningfulness) and personal-situational (reflecting the ability to change the situation in the direction of the course of self-realization due to involvement in the regulation of life, determined by the guiding influence of consciousness ).

An important determinant of self-realization is the main motives and meanings that guide a person in the process of self-realization. In the motive there is a conscious reflection of the future when using the experience of the past. It performs incentive, guiding, meaning-forming and stimulating functions.

Motivational and semantic mechanisms have a decisive influence on the self-realization of the individual. Values and needs are especially strong motivational formations. Motivational and semantic mechanisms involve the activation of the corresponding formations. At high levels, this is characterized by an increase in the meaningfulness of motives. For low levels characterized by the presence of simple motives - needs - and low meaningfulness.

It is important to understand that the process of self-realization of the personality is directed from within to the external environment and is carried out, first of all, through motivational and semantic mechanisms, which contain general psychological mechanisms of regulation in their basis.

Thus, "motivational-semantic and personal-situational mechanisms most directly determine the self-realization potential, affecting its increase or decrease" .

Such a clear differentiation of the mechanisms that regulate the self-realization of the individual in no way denies the structural integrity of self-realization. As a stable ability for self-development, structural integrity manifests itself in the absence or overcoming of barriers to self-realization. This quality is ensured by a certain severity and synergistic nature of the interrelationships of individual, personal and integral personal characteristics.

In the modern world, interest in the problem of self-realization of the individual is primarily due to the economic interests of society. At this stage, it is the professional self-realization of the individual that occupies the foreground, contributing to the achievement of “more significant professional and personal heights than before”, the increase and intensification of social mobility, which encourages the choice of active life strategies.

Another reason that determines the relevance of the analysis of the problems of self-realization is the desire of psychological science to reach an understanding of the most complex systemic phenomena associated with a person and the human psyche.

1.2 Professionalself-realizationpersonalities

Recently, there has been an increased interest in developing the problem of professional development of the subject of activity. This problem is becoming an urgent scientific and practical task of our time. This interest is quite natural, because in modern society, not only there is a poorly visible range of professions, but also there are rapid complex innovations in the professional field, the spheres of professional activity are expanding, new organizations are emerging, socio-economic relationships are changing. This implies new requirements for the subject of activity, for the process of his development in the profession.

The scientific community has accumulated great amount works reflecting the essence of self-realization. The complexity of studying this phenomenon in psychological science is largely due to the complexity of its objective knowledge. Even one of the most famous theories, A. Maslow's theory of self-actualization, was criticized by scientific community, given the complexity of the objectivity of the interpretation of research results and scientific postulates. The ambiguity and complexity of the studied phenomenon makes us look for a solid scientific platform of objective methods for studying the self-realization of a person in a profession.

In modern science, there are many similar concepts of the phenomenon we are considering: self-development, self-determination, self-improvement, self-actualization. In the works of many authors, they can be found as synonymous. However, not all scientists agree with the equivalence of these definitions.

So, for example, E. V. Fedosenko and I. S. Sedunova point to the interdependence of the dichotomy “self-development-self-realization”. Self-realization seems to them to be an obligatory moment in the development of a person in ontogenesis, without which his adequate self-development is impossible: necessary condition its reproduction."

The phenomena of self-determination and self-actualization realize an active connection and interdependence of self-development and self-realization. Self-determination not only provides to some extent the definition, evaluation of oneself, but also the ability to "correlate the set goals, the chosen means and the situation of action": "I am sure of success, I make a decision and begin to act." Self-actualization acts as a trigger for the deployment of self-realization. In this we see the main difference between self-realization and self-actualization.

Thus, professional self-realization is understood as "a continuous heterochronous process of development of human potentials in creative activity throughout the life path."

However, with all the difference in the declared definitions, which we, of course, will take into account in our work, it is necessary to understand that the base of test methods is being developed primarily to consider the self-actualization of the individual. This is probably due to the fact that it is extremely problematic to study the broad field of the concept of self-realization, taking into account all its components. We will make a reservation that in the light of recent scientific trends, we also refuse to reduce these two concepts as synonymous, but the survey material, the material of methods for studying personality, will be focused on self-actualization of the personality and, based on the data obtained, an attempt will be made to enter the sphere of self-realization.

Our work is focused on considering, first of all, the professional self-realization of the individual. That is why we will specify what exactly we mean by professional self-realization.

As you know, the most complete disclosure of a person's abilities is possible only in socially significant activities. Moreover, it is important that the implementation of this activity is determined not only from the outside (by society), but also by the internal need of the individual himself. In this case, the activity of the individual becomes self-activity, and the realization of his abilities in this activity acquires the character of self-realization.

Particularly broad prospects for self-realization open up in professional activities. Professional activity occupies a central place in the lives of many people who devote most of their time and energy to it. Within the framework of the profession, abilities are developed, career and personal growth occurs, a certain social status is achieved, and the financial foundations of life are provided. Following one's profession, using one's professional skills is one of the essential factors in achieving a certain degree of success in life.

In the process and as a result of professional self-realization, a professional consciousness is formed in a person, which is characterized by the following features:

* consciousness of belonging to a certain professional community;

* knowledge, opinion about the degree of one's compliance with professional standards, about one's place in the system of professional roles;

* knowledge of a person about the degree of his recognition in a professional group;

* knowledge of your strengths and weaknesses, ways of self-improvement, probable zones of success and failure;

* an idea of yourself and your work in the future.

According to the level of development of these traits, one can judge the degree of realization of a person in the profession.

However, not every professional occupation is perceived by a person and is a sphere of self-realization. It is not so important what the specific professional motivation of a person is, it does not always indicate active self-realization. In addition, activities carried out mainly due to volitional tension are extremely energy-consuming and therefore tiring, exhausting, quickly leading to emotional "burnout".

A professional business should be interesting, attractive for a person who realizes himself. At the same time, it is important that the basis of attractiveness be provided with an understanding of the general social and individual value of labor. The dominance of labor values in the hierarchy of human values is practically a guarantee of successful self-realization.

Of great importance is the orientation of a person to self-development in the profession. A person's career aspirations also determine the possibility of achieving successful self-realization in this area. Active professional self-improvement prevents the occurrence of "burnout".

However, on present stage development of our country, the problems of self-realization are postponed to the second, and often to the third plan. Socio-economic conditions force a person to take care, first of all, of more pressing things, of essentials. It is because of this that the general deformation of a person's professional motivation occurs. True, even in the case when a person chooses a profession without special interest, guided by other considerations, it does not always turn out that the path to full-fledged self-realization in professional activity is closed to him.

The process of professional development of a personality in domestic psychological science is studied in connection with the ontogenetic development of a person, his personal qualities, the place and role of abilities and interests, the formation of the subject of labor, the problem of the life path and self-determination, the identification of the requirements imposed by the profession on a person, the formation of professional consciousness and self-awareness within various schools and directions. Professional development as the development of the subject of professional activity closely interacts with the ontogenetic evolution of mental functions and way of life individuals in society. In domestic psychology, this theory was developed in the works of S. L. Rubinshtein and B. G. Ananiev. Do not contradict them and more modern researchers. So, for example, the question of a person as a subject in a profession, according to A.K. Osnitsky, is solved by the presence of a “complex experience”, which includes:

* valuable experience (associated with the formation of interests, moral norms and preferences, ideals, beliefs);

* operational experience (including general labor, professional knowledge and self-regulation skills).

* experience of reflection (knowledge of one's capabilities in relation to the requirements of the profession);

* the experience of habitual activation (assuming preliminary preparedness, operational adaptation to changing working conditions, calculation for certain efforts and a certain level of success).

Such experience of subjectness provides a person with a certain level of success in any field of activity, including professional. The wider the range of a person's values, the range of their competencies, the deeper the knowledge about oneself and one's capabilities, the higher the level of readiness for activity, for efforts, the more effective self-realization.

The effective performance of professional activities, when a person is good at what he does, is often accompanied by “peak experiences”, indicating high level satisfaction of the person with the results. Peak experiences are the states of a person at moments of upsurge, victory, inspiration, the end of a job well done. At these moments, a person feels most integrated and "filled" with positive emotions. They are available to people at any professional field.

It is important to understand that self-realization is “a person’s choice of the direction of activity, the sphere of application of forces, the way to embody oneself”. This choice is largely determined by the image of the human world, optimistic or pessimistic attitudes, awareness of oneself, one's place in the natural world and among people.

The first path of self-realization is the path of activity, creativity: without activity, self-realization is impossible, a person has no other opportunity to incarnate himself, except by doing something. Since the types of human activity are diverse. Accordingly, the spheres of self-realization are just as diverse.

The prospects for self-realization in professional activities are especially wide. Within the framework of the profession, abilities are developed, career and personal growth occurs, a certain social status is achieved, and the financial foundations of life are provided.

A professional business should be interesting, attractive for a person who realizes himself. Of great importance is the orientation of a person to self-development in the profession. A person's career aspirations also determine the possibility of achieving successful self-realization in this area. Active professional self-improvement prevents the occurrence of "burnout".

2 . empiricalstudyprofessionaboutcashself-realizationpersonalities

2.1 Techniquesresearchself-realizationpersonalities

In our work, we will use two methods for studying the self-realization of the individual. They are quite simple, but we will consider each of them in more detail.

1. Methodology for express diagnostics of situational self-actualization of personality (SSL)

The purpose of the methodology is to diagnose the degree of self-actualization experienced by a person in various life contexts (situations). The methodology is a questionnaire that includes 14 pairs of personality characteristics that reflect the state of self-actualization of a person in accordance with the descriptions of a self-actualizing personality according to A. Maslow. The bipolar pairs of personality characteristics that make up the methodology represent (in order) the following empirical characteristics of self-actualizing people:

1) sense of humor;

2) resistance to familiarization with cultural norms; own system of values;

3) peak experiences; freshness of perception;

4) focus on the problem ("they perform a certain mission, have a certain goal of life, solve some external task, which takes them a lot of time and energy");

5) spontaneity;

6) acceptance;

7) human relationship;

8) peak experiences;

9) autonomy;

10) centering on the problem; creativity;

11) autonomy; a tendency to seclusion;

12) means and goals;

13) sense of humor; peak experiences;

14) creativity.

To increase the reliability of the results, the questionnaire is balanced by the number of positive and negative scales, which correspond to an equal number of items in the questionnaire.

High scores on the test results indicate a high level of self-actualization-self-realization of the individual, manifested in a particular situation (or life context in general). A person shows activity, his abilities to the fullest extent, receives satisfaction from this; strives for success in business and achieves them; passionate about what is happening, which is filled with meaning for him; behaves naturally and naturally; is able to control his own life, freely make decisions and implement them.

Low scores on the test results indicate a low level of self-actualization-self-realization of the individual, manifested in a particular situation (or life context in general). A person experiences depression, tension and impotence, dissatisfaction with himself and what is happening; the impossibility of realizing his abilities; inability to achieve goals; dependence on others in making decisions and in their actions, the meaninglessness of what is happening; inability to independently control their lives, freely make decisions and implement them.

Instruction

After reading the names of personality traits in the list below, choose from each numbered pair the quality that is most characteristic of you, and put in the answer sheet the number that corresponds to the degree of expression of this quality:

1 - the quality presented in the left column appears frequently;

2 - the quality presented in the left column appears periodically;

3 - it is difficult to say what quality is manifested;

4 - the quality presented in the right column is rather manifested;

5 - the quality presented in the right column appears frequently.

Be sincere. The results will be used to improve the effectiveness of the psychological service.

	Cheerful						Frustrated, easily upset
	Forced to submit to circumstances, indecisive						Able to resist circumstances, decisive
	Ironic (dissatisfied with what is happening)						Inspired
	active, active						Restrained, depressed
	Natural, relaxed						Tense
	Satisfied with oneself, with one's affairs						Dissatisfied with self, self-critical
	Torn off from important matters, experiencing disappointments						Involved in a common cause, significant for many; achieving high results in it
	weighed down by what's happening						Fascinated by what's going on
	Seeking change, influencing what is happening						Forced to adapt to what is happening
	Solving important problems, making important decisions, discovering new things for himself						Forced to adapt to what is happening, to avoid problems
	Dependent (non-free) in making decisions (in their actions)						Free (independent) in making decisions (in their actions)
	Achieving success in business, in achieving goals						Forced to deal with troubles, problems, difficult to achieve goals
	experiencing negative feelings(easily upset)						Experiencing positive feelings, inspired
	Not showing (due to circumstances) himself						Manifesting himself, his abilities

What am I anyway (often)	What am I in a situation of success (good luck)	What am I in a situation of failure (failure)

The situations may be taken at the discretion of the researcher.

PROCESSING THE RESULTS

The digital answers of the subjects are converted into points in accordance with the key.

Key. In paragraphs 2, 3, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, the answer digit corresponds to the score received: i.e. for the number 1, 1 point is put, for the number 2 - 2 points, for the number 3 - 3 points, etc. In paragraphs 1,4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, the numbers of answers are translated into points as follows: for the number - 5 points, for the number 2 - 4 points, for the number 3 - 3 points, for the number 4.

2 points, for the number 5 - 1 point. The points scored are summed up.

Questionnaireself-actualizationpersonalities

A. Maslow's theory of self-actualization is legitimately one of the most popular and influential concepts in modern psychology. The first attempt to measure the level of self-actualization was made by Maslow's student Everett Shostrom. published the P01 questionnaire in 1963. It included two main scales of personal orientation: the first (temporary), showing several people tend to live in the present, not putting it off for the future and not trying to return to the past, and the second (support or support), measuring the ability of a person to rely on himself, and not on the expectations or assessments of other people. In addition, there were 10 additional scales measuring such qualities as self-esteem, spontaneity, existential values, positive views on human nature, etc.

The Shostrem questionnaire was translated and improved by a group of Moscow psychologists (L.Ya. Gozman, Yu.E. Aleshina, M.V. Zagika and M.V. Kroz) and published in 1987 under the title "Self-actualization test". Below is another adaptation of the P01 test, the SAMOAL questionnaire. This methodology was developed taking into account specific features self-actualization in our society of unfulfilled socialism and still unfulfilled bourgeois democracy. In addition, the structure of the questionnaire (types of scales) and the formulation of diagnostic judgments underwent significant changes. The first version of SAMOAL was created in 1993-1994; the psychologist A.V. took part in its standardization and validation. Lazukin.

INSTRUCTION:

Of the two options for statements, choose the one that you like best or best agrees with your ideas, more accurately reflects your opinions. There are no good or bad, right or wrong answers, the best will be the one that is given on the first impulse.

Table. test material

1. a) The time will come when I will live for real, not like now.	b) I am sure that I am truly living right now.
2. a) I am very passionate about my professional work.	b) I cannot say that I like my work and what I do.
3. a) If a stranger does me a favor, I feel obligated to him.	b) Prin. favor of a stranger, I do not feel obliged to him.
4. a) I find it difficult to sort out my feelings.	b) I can always sort out my own feelings.
5. a) I often think about whether I behaved correctly in a given situation.	b) I rarely think about how correct my behavior is.
6. a) I am internally embarrassed when compliments are given to me.	b) I rarely get embarrassed when people compliment me.
7. a) The ability to be creative is a natural property of a person.	b) Not all people are gifted with the ability to be creative.
8. a) I don't always have enough time. to keep up with the news. and skill.	b) I adj. forces, trying to follow the news of literature and art.
9. a) I often make risky decisions.	b) I find it difficult to make risky decisions.
10. a) Sometimes I can let the interlocutor understand that he seems stupid and uninteresting to me..	b) I think it's underestimated. make it clear to people that he seems stupid and uninteresting to me ..
11. a) I like to leave pleasant things for later.	b) I do not leave pleasant "for later".
12. a) I think ignorant. interrupt the conversation if it is interesting only to my interlocutor ..	b) I can quickly and unprincipled. Prer. conversation, inter. only one side.
13. a) I strive to achieve inner harmony.	b) The state of inner harmony is most likely unattainable.
14. a) I can’t say that I like myself.	b) I like myself.
15. a) I think most people can be trusted.	b) I think that people should not be trusted unless absolutely necessary.
16. a) Poorly paid work cannot bring satisfaction.	b) Interesting, creative content of the work is a reward in itself.
17. a) Quite often I get bored.	b) I am never bored.
18. a) I will not deviate from my principles even for the sake of useful deeds that could count on people's gratitude.	b) I would rather give up my principles for the sake of things for which people would be grateful to me.
19. a) Sometimes it is difficult for me to be sincere.	b) I always manage to be sincere.
20. a) When I like myself, it seems to me that others like me too.	b) Even when I like myself, I understand that there are people who dislike me.
21. a) I trust my sudden desires.	b) I always try to think over my sudden desires.
22. a) I must strive for perfection in everything I do.	b) I don't get too upset if I don't succeed.
23. a) Selfishness is a natural property of any person.	b) Most people are not selfish.
24. a) If I do not immediately find the answer to the question, then I can postpone it for indefinitely. time.	b) I will look for an answer on inter. I have a question, do not consider. with the cost of time.
25. a) I like to reread books I like.	b) It is better to read a new book than to go back to an already read one.
26. a) I try to do what others expect me to do.	b) I am not inclined to think about what others expect of me.
27. a) Past, present and future appear to me as one whole.	b) I think my present is not very connected with the past or the future.
28. a) Most of what I do gives me pleasure.	b) Only a few of my activities really make me happy.
29. a) In an effort to disassemble. in the character and feelings of the environment, people are often tactless.	b) The desire to understand the surrounding people is quite natural and justifies some faux pas.
30. a) I know well what feelings I can and cannot feel.	b) I have not yet fully understood what feelings I am capable of experiencing.
31. a) I feel remorse if I get angry with those I love.	b) I feel no remorse when I get angry with those I love.
32. a) A person should calmly relate. to what he can hear about himself from others.	b) It is natural to be offended when you hear an unpleasant opinion about yourself.
33. a) The effort required to know the truth is worth it, because it brings benefits.	b) Effort, cat. requires pos. truths are worth it, for Ven. pleasure.
34. a) In difficult situations, it is necessary to act test. ways - this guarantees success.	b) In difficult situations it is necessary to find fundamentally new solutions.
35. a) People rarely annoy me.	b) People often annoy me.
36. a) If it were possible to return the past, I would change a lot there.	b) I am satisfied with my past and do not want to change anything in it.
37. a) The main thing in life is to benefit and please people.	b) The main thing in life is to do good and serve the truth.
38. a) Sometimes I am afraid to seem too gentle.	b) I am never afraid to seem too gentle.
39. a) I think that expressing my feelings is usually more important than thinking about the situation.	b) Do not rashly express your feelings without weighing the situation.
40. a) I believe in myself when I feel that I can do it. with tasks, standing in front of me.	b) I believe in myself even when I can't. Ref. with your problems.
41. a) Performing actions, people are guided by mutual interests.	b) By nature, people tend to care only about their own. interests.
42. a) I am interested in all the innovations in my professional field.	b) I am skeptical about most innovations in my professional field.
43. a) I think that creativity should benefit people.	b) I believe that creativity should bring pleasure to a person.
44. a) I always have my own own point perspective on important issues.	b) Forming my point of view, I tend to listen to the opinions of respected and authoritative people.
45. a) Sex without love is not a value.	b) Even without love, sex is a very significant value.
46. a) I feel responsible for the mood of the interlocutor.	b) I don't feel responsible for it.
47. a) I easily put up with my weaknesses.	b) It is not easy for me to come to terms with my weaknesses.
48. a) Success in general. depends on how much a person is able to reveal himself to another.	b) Success in communication depends on the ability under. their dignity and hide week.
49. a) My sense of self-respect depends on what I have achieved.	b) My self-respect does not depend on my achievements.
50. a) Big. people are accustomed to act "along the line of least resistance."	b) I think that most people are not inclined to this.
51. a) Narrow specialization is necessary for a real scientist.	b) Deepening into a narrow specialization makes a person limited.
52. a) It is very important whether a person has the joy of knowledge and creativity in life.	b) In life it is very important to benefit people.
53. a) I like to take part in heated arguments.	b) I don't like arguments.
54. a) I am interested in predictions, horoscopes, astrological forecasts.	b) Such things do not interest me.
55. a) A person must work for the sake of satisfaction. their needs and the welfare of their families.	b) A person must work to realize. their abilities and desires.
56. a) In solving personal problems, I am guided by generally accepted ideas.	b) I solve my problems the way I see fit.
57. a) Will is needed in order to restrain desires and control feelings.	b) The main appointment. will - podhl. effort and increase human energy.
58. a) I am not ashamed of my weaknesses in front of my friends.	b) It is not easy for me to show my weaknesses even in front of my friends.
59. a) It is human nature to strive for something new.	b) People seek new things only out of necessity.
60. a) I think that the expression "Live and learn is wrong."	b) I consider the expression "Live and learn" to be correct.
61. a) I think that the meaning of life lies in creativity.	b) It is hardly possible to find the meaning of life in creativity.
62. a) It can be difficult for me to get to know a person who I like.	b) I have no difficulty meeting people.
63. a) It saddens me that a significant part of life is wasted.	b) I can’t say that some part of my life is wasted.
64. a) It is inexcusable for a gifted person to neglect his duty.	b) Talent and ability matter more than duty.
65. a) I am good at manipulating people.	b) I believe that it is unethical to manipulate people.
66. a) I try to avoid disappointment.	b) I do what I think is right, regardless of the possibilities. grief.
67. a) In most situations, I can't afford to fool around.	b) There are many situations where I can afford to fool around.
68. a) Criticism in my address reduces my self-esteem.	b) Criticism has almost no effect on my self-esteem.
69. a) Envy is characteristic only of losers who believe that they have been passed over.	b) Most people are envious, although they try to hide it.
70. a) Choosing an occupation for himself, a person must take into account his social. significance.	b) A person should first of all do what interests him.
71. a) I think that knowledge in the chosen field is necessary for creativity.	b) I think that knowledge is not at all necessary for this.
72. a) Perhaps I can say that I live with a feeling of happiness.	b) I cannot say that I live with a feeling of happiness.
73. a) I think that people should analyze themselves and their lives.	b) I think introspection does more harm than good.
74. a) I try to find reasons even for those of my actions that I do simply because I feel like it.	b) I am not looking for reasons for my actions and deeds.
75. a) I am sure that anyone can live their life the way they want.	b) I think that people. little chance of living your life as you would like.
76. a) It is never possible to say with certainty about a person whether he is good or evil.	b) It is usually very easy to evaluate a person.
77. a) Creative work requires a lot of free time.	b) It seems to me that in life you can always find time for creativity.
78. a) Usually it is easy for me to convince the interlocutor that I am right.	b) In an argument, I try to understand the point of view of the interlocutor, and not to convince him.
79 a) If I do something exclusively for myself, I feel embarrassed.	b) I do not feel embarrassed in this situation.
80. a) I consider myself the creator of my future.	b) It is unlikely that I have much influence on my own future.
81. a) The expression "Kindness must be with fists" I think is correct.	b) The expression "Good should be with fists" is hardly true.
82. a) In my opinion, the shortcomings of people are much more noticeable than their virtues.	b) The virtues of a person are much easier to see than his shortcomings.
83. a) Sometimes I am afraid to be myself.	b) I am never afraid to be myself.
84. a) I try not to think about my past troubles.	b) From time to time I tend to go back to memories. about past failures.
85. a) I believe that the goal of life should be something significant.	b) I do not at all consider that the goal of life is indispensable. must mean something.
86. a) People strive to understand and trust each other.	b) Closing in a circle of own. interests, people do not understand others.
87. a) I try not to be a black sheep.	b) I allow myself to be the black sheep.
88. a) In a confidential conversation, people are usually sincere.	b) Even in a confidential conversation, it is difficult for a person to be sincere.
89. a) Sometimes I am ashamed to show my feelings.	b) I am never ashamed of it.
90. a) I can do something for others without asking them to appreciate it.	b) I have a right to expect people to appreciate what I do for them.
91. a) I show my affection for a person, regardless of whether it is mutual.	b) I rarely manifest. your location. to people without being sure that it is mutual.
92. a) I think that in communication you need to openly show your dissatisfaction with others.	b) It seems to me that in communication people should hide their mutual disadvantages.
93. a) I put up with contradictions in myself.	b) Internal contradictions lower my self-esteem.
94. a) I strive to openly express my feelings.	b) I think that in an open expression. feelings there is always an element of unrestraint.
95. a) I am confident in myself.	b) I can't say that I'm sure of myself.
96. a) Achieving happiness cannot be the main goal of human relationships.	b) Achieving happiness is the main goal of human relationships.
97. a) I am loved because I deserve it.	b) I am loved because I myself am able to love.
98. a) Unrequited love can make life unbearable.	b) Life without love is worse than unrequited love in life.
99. a) If the conversation does not work out, I try to build it in a different way.	b) Usually, it is the fault of the ignorant that the conversation did not work out. interlocutor.
100. a) I try to make a good impression on people.	b) People see me for who I really am.

Table. The desire for self-actualization is expressed by the following points of the test:

Processing and interpretation of test results

The individual scales of the SAMOAL questionnaire are represented by the following items:

Time orientation: 1b, 11a, 17b, 24b, 27a, 36b, 546, 63b, 73a, 80a.

Values: 2a, 16b, 18a, 25a, 28a, 37b, 45a, 55b, 61a, 64b, 72a, 81b, 85a, 96b, 98b.

· A look at human nature: 7a, 15a, 23b, 41a, 50b, 59a, 69a, 76a, 82b, 86a.

Need for cognition: 8b, 24b, 29b, 33b, 42a, 51b, 53a, 54b, 60b, 70b.

Creativity (desire for creativity): 9a, 13a, 16b, 25a, 28a, 33b, 34b, 43b, 52a, 55b, 61a, 64b, 70b, 71b, 77b.

Autonomy: 56, 9a, 10a, 26b, 31b, 32a, 37b, 44a, 56b, 66b, 68b, 746.75a, 876, 92a.

Spontaneity: 5b, 21a, 31b, 38b, 39a, 48a, 57b, 67b, 74b, 83b, 87b, 89b, 91a, 92a, 94a.

Self-understanding: 4b, 13a, 20b, 30a, 31b, 38b, 47a, 66b, 79b, 93a.

Autosympathy: 6b, 146, 21a, 22b, 32a, 40b, 49b, 58a, 67b, 68b, 79b, 84a, 89b, 95a, 97b.

· Contact: 10a, 29b, 35a, 46b, 48a, 53a, 62b, 78b, 90a, 92a.

Flexibility in communication: 3b, 10a, 12b, 19b, 29b, 32a, 46b, 48a, 65b, 99a.

Note: Scales No. 1, 3, 4, 8, 10 and 11 contain 10 points each, while the others contain 15 points. To obtain comparable results, the number of points on the indicated scales should be multiplied by 1.5.

You can get results as a percentage by solving the following proportion:

15 points (maximum on each scale) equals 100%, and the number of points scored is x%.

1. The scale of orientation in time shows how much a person lives in the present, without postponing his life "for later" and without trying to find refuge in the past. A high result is typical for people who are well aware of the existential value of life "here and now", who are able to enjoy the current moment without comparing it with past joys and without devaluing it with anticipation of future successes. A low result is people who are neurotically immersed in past experiences, with an overestimated desire for achievements, suspicious and unsure of themselves.

2. Scale of values. A high score on this scale indicates that a person shares the values of a self-actualizing personality, which A. Maslow included such as truth, goodness, beauty, integrity, lack of duality, vitality, uniqueness, perfection, accomplishment, justice, order, simplicity, lightness without effort, play, self-sufficiency. The preference for these values indicates the desire for a harmonious existence and healthy relationships with people, far from the desire to manipulate them in their own interests.

3. The view of human nature can be positive (high score) or negative (low score). This scale describes faith in people, in the power of human capabilities. A high score can be interpreted as a stable foundation for sincere and harmonious interpersonal relationships, natural sympathy and trust in people, honesty, impartiality, goodwill.

4. A high need for knowledge is characteristic of a self-actualizing personality, always open to new experiences. This scale describes the ability for existential cognition - a disinterested thirst for something new, an interest in objects that is not directly related to the satisfaction of any needs. Such knowledge, according to A. Maslow, is more accurate and effective, since its process is not distorted by desires and inclinations, while a person is not inclined to judge, evaluate and compare. He just sees what is and appreciates it.

The role of each individual

Each individual, without exception, forms a general portrait of our society. Operating with his desires, the individual brings features into the picture of the reality surrounding us. Mood, actions, these are just small touches on a large canvas. The need to realize oneself in society is probably the engine of the development of an individual. To be needed and in demand always and everywhere. The role of each person is very important for society, family. Everything that we see around is created by many personalities. But, alas, not every member of society knows where to start the path to realization.

Conditions for self-development

Personal self-realization requires internal potential, desires, ideas, only then opportunities. Accumulating over the years personal experience, we see more clearly why our desires are not realized, and where they came true. We form the prism of perception and mature psychologically and financially. We all become mature, we begin to live and do things that will be useful not only to us, but also to others. That is why we get real spiritual pleasure.

Of course, the mechanism works provided that our dreams are pure and noble, not clouded by the thirst for fame or wealth. Otherwise, collapse and loneliness on the personal front or disappointment in the professional sphere. Wealth requires 90% of the time, and fame requires numerous sacrifices. Where there is no time, there is no family, and glory is the destiny of people with huge complexes. There can be no talk of any happiness. It is better to search in another spectrum, creative. Find time to find yourself, create.

Finding yourself

A variety of manifestations of conscious activity within the family and society, of course, is necessary for any person. Communication with people, cultural events, rest, work. Joint sports, tourism. All this helps self-realization, moves forward. But the most important criteria for development are the internal achievements of each, self-expression, hobbies. Without them, a person cannot be fully realized. This is where you need to be extremely careful. It is worth sensibly assessing all aspects of the plan, conducting a thorough analysis internal state. The choice of topics is huge, and there is not much time for self-realization.

Take Stephen King as an example. He became a famous writer thanks to his wife, who found his manuscripts in a trash can. To him they seemed empty and insignificant. But for her, at least they were interesting, the work of her husband, his self-expression, his goal was important. Who would not want to look into the universe through the eyes of another person, to understand the essence of things in a different way. See the world in a completely different way. Probably everyone.

Path analysis and vector

You should know that self-realization is a lot of work, work on yourself. Constant analysis of oneself and the environment. Development of new qualities, skills, search for goals. After analyzing your goals for self-realization and the direction of movement, it is worth highlighting only the main ones. No need to spray on all ideas at the same time. One should be consistent, accumulate knowledge, embody, despite various difficulties. The world is a priori unstable, but there must always be a balance between intentions and their implementation.

The task of a person is to resolve emerging contradictions, to find his own way, to create conditions for this, which may not be, on this moment generally. A seeking person constantly makes new discoveries for himself, expresses himself and works. Opens up new worlds.

One step towards self-realization

Creativity can be of special, individual value for different people. The measure of such creativity can be radically different for different people, hence different tastes come from. One person likes to take care of the garden, another to build ships. Here lies the secret of self-realization. In the feeling of motivation, in the motivation itself. Sometimes we hear the words - "Strong personality." What is this definition? Delight? Maybe.

Why then do some people find themselves and others don't. The answer is simple: a lot of unnecessary and alien motivations. Scattering and a weak bunch of thoughts, goals, motives. I want a lot, but I don't want to do anything. Laziness, so to speak. But this laziness is not allowed to be seen: pride, sublimity, ego. We are above "it", many say. We know "it", say the latter. In fact, the braggart only loses by embellishing his knowledge. You can meet such a portrait of society almost everywhere.

Self-realization methods:

Where to begin? From internal movement. It is required to take only one step, but conscious, verified, clear. Step forward on your path, different examples here will not help much. Build your world, individual.

· Wanted to produce practical things and attributes for tourism. Take a tour of the atelier. See the production and discover a lot of interesting things for yourself. There you can see all kinds of fasteners, satchels, hiking bags, ideas on how to do it.

· Interested in the service sector, excellent. Go through everything from start to finish. From a cloakroom attendant in a restaurant to a manager. Gain knowledge and wages. Then it will be easy to open service center on registration of banquets, weddings, anniversaries.

· Love nature, animals are wonderful. There are no borders. Calculate the plan for breeding fluffy, Angarsk rabbits. Conclude agreements with pet stores, and live in harmony. To achieve any goal you need to go.

It is not necessary to be a good artist or a famous poet to achieve harmony and be a strong personality. Just be individual and purposeful. That's the whole secret and self-realization of personality. May all your dreams and desires come true.

It is known that the most complete disclosure of a person's abilities is possible only in socially significant activities. Moreover, it is important that the implementation of this activity is determined not only from the outside (by society), but also by the internal need of the individual himself. In this case, the activity of the individual becomes self-activity, and the realization of his abilities in this activity acquires the character of self-realization. Z. Freud was one of the first who tried to see the need for self-realization in the dominant instincts of a person. Self-realization, according to Z. Freud, is localized in the unconscious layer of the human psyche and manifests itself in the "striving for pleasure", inherent in man from birth. This instinctive need for self-realization is opposed by the imperative requirements of culture (norms, traditions, rules, etc.) imposed by society, the main function of which is to censor the unconscious, to suppress instinct like needs.

E. Fromm devotes many pages to characterizing the need for self-realization. He connects it with human needs for identification and integrity. A person, Freud notes, differs from an animal in that he seeks to go beyond immediate utilitarian requests, wants to know not only what he needs to survive, but also seeks to know the meaning of life and the essence of his "I". This self-realization is achieved by the individual with the help of the system of orientations developed by him in communication with other people. Identification is that "feeling" that allows the individual to justifiably speak of himself as "I", and the social environment actively influences this need. The need for self-realization, according to Fromm, is an existential need - a mental state, eternal and unchanging in its basis. Social conditions can only change the ways of satisfying it: it can find a way out in creativity and in destruction, in love and in crime, and so on.

For materialist thinkers, there is no doubt that the human desire for self-realization is not instinctive, but phylogenetic in origin and owes its existence to the "second human nature", which includes:

a) labor way existence;

b) the presence of consciousness;

c) a specific human type of relationship between people - communication with the help of a second signaling system. Thanks to this, man became a "social animal". But the social formation of man was accompanied by the formation of such a fundamental, purely human need, which was the desire for isolation. It was the desire for isolation, which became possible at a certain historical stage in the development of society, was a prerequisite for the development of human individuality, and, consequently, the need for self-realization. Thus, it follows that the need, the desire for self-realization is a generic human need.

The peculiarity of the need for self-realization lies in the fact that satisfying it in single acts of activity (for example, writing a novel, creating artwork) a person can never fully satisfy her.

Satisfying the basic need for self-realization in various activities, a person pursues his life goals, finds its place in the system of public relations and relations. It would be a crude utopia to construct a single model of self-realization "in general".

That is why, speaking of a comprehensive and harmoniously developed personality, it is necessary to emphasize not only the richness and comprehensiveness of its abilities, but also (which is no less important) the richness and diversity of needs, in the satisfaction of which a person’s comprehensive self-realization is carried out.

Creativity is a derivative of the individual's realization of unique potentials in a certain area. Therefore, there is a direct connection between the process of creativity and the realization of human abilities in socially significant activities, which acquire the character of self-realization.

It is known that the most complete disclosure of a person's abilities is possible only in socially significant activities. Moreover, it is important that the implementation of this activity is determined not only from the outside (by society), but also by the internal need of the individual himself. In this case, the activity of the individual becomes self-activity, and the realization of his abilities in this activity acquires the character of self-realization. Thus, creative activity- this is amateur activity, covering the change of reality and self-realization of the individual in the process of creating material and spiritual values, which contributes to the expansion of the limits of human capabilities.

It should also be noted that it is not so important in what exactly the creative approach is manifested, in the ability to "play" on a loom, like on a musical instrument, or in opera singing, in the ability to solve inventive or organizational problems. Creativity is not alien to any kind of human activity.

It is not necessary that all members of society write poetry or sing songs, be freelance artists or play a role in the theater. The type of activity in which the creative approach is best, most freely manifested, and the extent to which a person can show it, depends on the personality, habits, and characteristics of the life path. The unification of all the essential forces of a person, the manifestation of all his personal characteristics in action contribute to the development of individuality, emphasize, along with the signs common to many, his unique and inimitable features. If a person has mastered creativity in full measure - both in terms of the process of its flow and in terms of results - it means that he has reached the level of spiritual development. He can experience the moments of unity of all internal forces. If a person has reached the level of spiritual development, no matter what activity he is engaged in, one thing remains - to wish him a happy journey. And look at him at least sometimes. After all, no doubt, he will teach something good.

Personal Self-Realization: A View from the Standpoint of Christian Psychology Christian psychology is the doctrine of man in his spiritual dynamics, in "spiritual warfare", in his relation to the Lord.

At the center of self-realization of the individual, as humanistic psychology understands it, are concepts that are somehow connected with self-consciousness. Self-consciousness can be defined through the knowledge of oneself, the knowledge of one's self. Self - a hypothetical concept introduced into psychology by C. Jung, it is "the center of a total, boundless and indefinable mental personality." The conscious ego is subdued or included in the self, endowed with its own voice, heard sometimes in moments of intuition and dreams. Self-actualization in this concept is essentially the evolution of the self, occurring in the direction from the unconscious to moral ideals.

The need for self-realization is the highest in the hierarchy of needs. As a result of its satisfaction, the personality becomes what it can and should become in this world, the main professional destiny, the work of a person is accomplished along with the creation of his personality. But how does a person know about his destiny?

This happens when a person is open to internal and external experience, with awareness of all its sides. From a multitude of half-formed possibilities, the organism, like a powerful computer, chooses the one that most accurately satisfies the inner need, or the one that establishes more effective relations with the outside world, or another that opens up a simpler and more satisfying way for a person to perceive life. In this metaphorical representation, the possibilities are not hierarchized, the emphasis is on free choice among potentially equivalent proposals, which are screened out by a wise organism based on its own subjective criteria.

The views of Ponamarev are close to the position of A. Maslow. However, the latter feels the insufficiency of the concepts of adaptability, adaptation in relation to the construction of personality, he writes about the autonomy of a person who realizes himself, "the healthy individuals observed by me outwardly agreed with the norms accepted in society, but in their souls did not attach importance to them. In almost all of them I I noticed a calm, good-natured perception of the imperfections of our civilization, combined with a more or less active desire to correct them. Now I want to emphasize the detachment, independence, self-sufficiency of the nature of these people, their tendency to live in accordance with the values and rules established by themselves "there is even recognition of the importance of not only detachment from the world, but also spiritual contemplation in this loneliness. However, the goal of this contemplation without God is to again penetrate into the self, to listen to the "true voice of the self". It is assumed that in the basis of " primary processes knowledge" close to the "healthy unconscious" (A. Maslow) - normal, healthy human nature. Awareness of its needs, awareness of one's biological individuality is the key to healthy development. Again, the concept of a wise body that knows better what the soul needs.

The self, the self-being of a person is the realization of his sovereign right to choose, choose the direction of development, life goals and values. In itself, the realization of this human prerogative, while realizing all the possibilities, listening to voices that sound in different ways, according to the ideas of humanistic psychology, is the key to creative realization. During life, free choice is the basic essential relation of man to the world.

The accumulation of soul values occurs in the spirit of steadily progressive development, transferred to the sphere of the individual psyche, although the possibility of retreat - a negative spiritual movement - is also provided. The weak point of the humanistic concept of the creative self-realization of a person, obviously, lies in the assumption of the hidden wisdom of the body and personality, which determine the commission of a person optimal choice with the openness of consciousness to all layers of experience. A person, like a powerful computer, chooses options that exactly satisfy internal needs. It is assumed that the exact satisfaction of needs is good for the individual and his social environment. The source of good, immanent in human nature, prompts the right choice. If the self, the highest and last instance of the psyche, is rational, then its voice is unmistakable. It is important to be able to hear his hint among other voices.

In a general sense, self-realization of a personality is an activity inherent in psychologically mature people who are unique in their own way and have their own individuality. Of course, life expectancy is determined higher powers, but the depth and breadth of the life path depend only on the individual. The problem of self-realization is quite common. How to find yourself in society, what factors are necessary for successful implementation yourself as a successful and harmonious person.

What is self-realization of personality

Personal self-realization is the ability to go through the path of self-knowledge and accept yourself, find your own niche and fully reveal your abilities, unleash your full potential and enjoy every act and.

Many psychologists note that the problem of self-realization requires a comprehensive study and professional solution. AT modern life two categories of people are often found:

the first category has been engaged for many years, but plunges into the raging ocean of life without realizing unique opportunities and talents;
the second category does not attempt to reveal itself without thinking about what self-realization is and lives the allotted years in vain.

Another example is the cessation of funding for a successful scientific project. In this regard, the professional self-realization of a scientist is impossible.

Every woman experiences the need for self-realization as a mother. The impossibility of realizing one's direct purpose against the background of constant loneliness is transformed into alcohol addiction.

Basic conditions for personal self-realization

Salvatore Madde, professor of the school of social ecology, in his writings identified the factors that contribute to the self-realization of the individual.

Freedom as a condition for the self-realization of the individual.
Feeling of absolute control over your own life.
Ability to adapt to living conditions.
Spontaneity in decision making.
The presence of creative potential.

It is important! One thing is obvious - a full-fledged, successful social and creative self-realization of a person is possible only if there is self-confidence and determination. Only under the condition of a certain passion for life, diligence and understanding the goal you can become
.

Driving forces of self-realization

Creative self-realization

Creative self-realization of the individual involves the successful use of talents. This is not only about art, but also about scientific activity. For creative people it is vital to create a masterpiece in art, to make scientific discovery. These lofty aspirations become a motivation for the creative self-realization of one's talent.

It is important! Psychologists single out self-realization for a woman, which, as a rule, is interpreted by the destiny laid down by nature - to find love, create a family, give birth to a child and raise him.

First of all, you need to competently and realistically assess your own talents and abilities. To do this, psychologists recommend taking a sheet of paper, creating a calm, relaxing environment and writing down the qualities and hobbies that need to be worked on.
Honestly and impartially write down all the traits of your character, regardless of how much they are valued by society.
List all the activities in which you would like to realize yourself. Think about your dreams, what you wanted to do as a child. As psychologists say, children's dreams reflect the true personality of a person. Opposite each activity, write down the necessary ones that will help you succeed. After all, only in the self-realization of the individual.
Compare the lists and in this way, you will see which type of activity suits you best. At first glance, this method is only suitable for teenagers who have not decided on a profession. However, according to statistics, the majority of adults are not satisfied with their work and would like to change the type of activity. Such dissatisfaction is dictated, first of all, by the inability to correctly identify one's talents and set life priorities.
Many mistakenly believe that it is possible to realize oneself only in professional activities. However, this is a common misconception. It is necessary to abstract from traditional views and evaluate yourself comprehensively. It is possible that a person will be able to prove himself during the holidays or while doing his favorite hobby. The main thing is that the process gives pleasure - this is the main sign that the strategy of self-realization is chosen correctly and is successful.

Watch the video - an expert's opinion on the self-realization of the individual and the search for a worthy goal in life.