Sem. taxodiaceae
Sequoiadendron giganteum

Sequoiadendron giant or mammoth tree- a gigantic evergreen coniferous tree of gigantic size, which has an outward resemblance to its huge hanging branches with mammoth tusks. The tallest tree in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden.

His homeland is the Western slopes of the Sierra Nevada and warm California. And there, at home, this huge evergreen tree reaches 80-100 m height, since the sequoiadendron is a very durable breed (it can live up to 5 thousand years). in Nikitsky botanical garden the size of these giants is much more modest than in their homeland, but, nevertheless, the tallest tree in the Garden, reaching 38 meters in height, is precisely the giant sequoiadendron, planted on the territory of the Upper Park in 1885. The diameter of the trunk of this mighty tree is about 2 meters.

This monumental tree has a regular wide-pyramidal crown. Branching in young trees is very dense, in old trees the trunk is cleared of branches to a height of up to 50 m. The bark is red-brown, in deep cracks, separated by plates. The needles are rough, hard, dark green with gray tint. Cones are small (5–8 cm), oblong-ovate. Ripens by the end of the 2nd year.

The breed is slow growing, especially in the first 10–15 years. Quite frost-resistant - tolerates short-term temperature drops to - 24–25°С. He likes loose, deep, fresh soils, but even here, in the Crimea, he feels good on calcareous soils.

The wood is soft and not as valuable as evergreen sequoia. However, it also does not burn in fire.

The dryness of the Crimean summer air "taught" the tree in especially hot years to partially shed its branches, trying to reduce the area of ​​moisture evaporation. Funnel-shaped depressions along the entire trunk are traces of such “undressing”.

Sequoiadendrons were discovered relatively recently, since the mountain slopes of the ridge were inaccessible and only in 1850 English traveler Lubb found the world's largest trees. First these huge trees were called "California pines" or "mammoth trees", and later they began to use the designation of the Indians: the word "sequoia" is simply the name of this tree in the language of the Indians, but one of the Indian leaders of the Iroquois tribe, the inventor of Indian writing, had the same name.

In the Nikitsky Botanical Garden - since 1858.

The ancestors of mammoth trees lived on Earth 100 million years ago. Old specimens growing in protected groves of California are listed in State Register by name: "Thick Tree", "Three Sisters", "Pioneer's Hut", etc. In 1881, in Yosemite Park, while laying a road, they had to make a tunnel in one sequoiadendron, through which buses pass freely.

At the end of the last century, a lightning strike split the trunk of a tree at the base and it collapsed under its own weight. The weight of this trunk is more than 1000 tons. Stump diameter 23 m was named "Father of the Forest". In 1910, a room was cut out inside the stump and a cozy restaurant was placed in it. A spiral staircase around the stump allows you to climb to the top, where in the summer a quartet plays country melodies, 16 couples dance freely and there is enough space for 20 spectators around the perimeter.

When I. Ilf and E. Petrov, invited to America, visited Sequoia Park (occupies the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada), they wrote: “... we drove along the ancient dark forest, a fantastic forest, where the word "man" ceases to sound proud, and only one word "-" "tree ..." proudly sounds, I wanted to imagine that these trees grew peacefully when not only Columbus, but also Caesar and Alexander the Great were not in the world , and even the Egyptian king Tutankhamen ... ".

Currently, in their homeland, in California, there are no sequoiadendron trees older than 2 thousand years. But according to scientists, they can live up to 6-7 thousand years.

Probably very tall and with a very thick trunk, if that's what it's called, many of us will decide. Few of the inhabitants of Russia saw him. After all, it grows far beyond the ocean, in Central America.

Indeed, the sequoia dendron, or mammoth tree, can be up to 100 meters high with a trunk diameter of up to 10 m. This is hard to imagine. The tree that is higher than itself high house! And how shocked were the Europeans who saw such a forest! It was in 1762 in the south North America, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean.

The Austrian botanist Stefan Endlicher named the tree Sequoia in honor of the prominent leader of the American Sequoia Iroquois tribe. Now botanists call it sequoia dendron.

This tree lives for a very long time. They call the age of both 3 and 4 thousand years. IN different ages sequoia dendron looks different. young tree, about a hundred years old, looks like a dark green pyramid. The translucent reddish trunk is covered with branches from the very ground to the top. Over time, the trunk becomes exposed and becomes thick, and then becomes gigantic.

It is known that thirty people fit freely on one stump of the Mammoth tree. And in one of the parks of America, a tunnel was punched through its trunk, through which cars pass freely.

Now there are only 500 of these trees left. They are guarded, they are even given their own names, for example, “Father of the Forests”, “General Grant”. Its red-colored wood does not rot, and this was one of the reasons for the destruction of these trees.

The evergreen sequoia is a relative of the dendron sequoia, but it is somewhat smaller. Its wood is highly valued. It is also red in color and does not rot. Mahogany furniture is sequoia furniture.

Sequoia grows very fast, and in America forests are bred from these beautiful trees.

The giant dendron sequoia and the evergreen sequoia differ from each other in the shape of the leaves and the size of the cones. The sequoia leaves are narrow and from a distance it seems that there are needles on the branches. Her branch is more fluffy than that of the Mammoth tree, the leaves of which are more like scales.

Evergreen sequoias have taken root on the shores of the Black Sea, in the Crimea and the Caucasus.

In the autumn of 1912, near the village of Rynie in Scotland, the village doctor W. Mackey, who was also engaged in geology for his own pleasure, made a cut in the rock and suddenly saw perfectly preserved plant remains. On a bare, thin stem sat somewhat elongated balls with thick walls. As it turned out later, it was the oldest plant on Earth. It lived around...

There are seeds that germinate easily and quickly, such as maple, cereals, sunflowers, lettuce, weeds. But in almost all flowering plants, seeds are not able to germinate immediately. In order for them to sprout, they must be placed in special conditions. Legumes and plants from dry areas just need to be soaked before sowing, as they have a hard skin, and put ...

In winter, larch looks like a dried spruce: bare branches, without needles, grayish bark covered with cracks. In spring, the branches of the tree are covered with green needles. Touching them, you are surprised - they are soft, tender, not prickly at all. They turn golden yellow in autumn and fall off in winter. This is the advantage of larch over others. coniferous trees. After all, perennial needles are polluted, which makes it difficult for the plant to breathe and ...

The bright yellow flowers of St. John's wort open in mid-summer. It grows in wet places in meadows and swamps, and even just in shallow water along the banks of rivers, and in sands, and on stony placers, and in bushes, and along roads. It can also be found high in the mountains, on alpine meadows. Bright but nectarless flowers...

Mosses, bryophytes, are a special department of the plant kingdom. These are higher plants, but they do not have roots, and one can only speak about leaves and stems conditionally. The largest class of mosses are local stems. They grow everywhere - from the Arctic to the Antarctic. The stems of these mosses are covered with outgrowths-leaves of various shapes. The leaf is sometimes wrapped and accumulates in this microscopic cavity ...

Prickly raspberry bushes are so common that we notice them only at the end of July, when the berries ripen. But pay attention to those shoots on which raspberries ripen. They seem to consist of two parts: a long red stem coming out of the ground, and short green twigs with berries that have grown on it. This red rod grew in the past ...

In Asia and the Mediterranean, the fig tree is the most common plant. It gives people the most valuable food product - figs. It is also called a fig or a fig. There is a lot of sugar in the fig, there are also vitamins A, B1, B2, C. In the Bible, an ancient religious book, the fig tree is a symbol of fertility. From one tree, from 20 to 100 kg of fruits are harvested. Fig tree…

Look at the peanut pod. It is very similar to a pea and bean pod. And applies peanut, or peanuts, to the same family - legumes. Both the bush and the peanut flowers remind us of a very familiar plant - peas. But that's where the similarity ends. A peanut flower on a long pedicel emerges from an axil at the base of a leaf petiole attached…

We know that there is such a fragrant, with a specific aftertaste variety of apples - anise, that there are anise tinctures, liqueurs and anise caramel. But what kind of plant is this - anise, perhaps few people know. Anise, or star anise, is a shrub or low tree with fragrant, fragrant, leathery leaves. Both the leaves and the bark of the star anise secrete a secret, thanks to which ...

Evergreen laurel - this is what botanists call this low evergreen tree or bush. It has beautiful, fragrant leaves covered with a dense shiny skin. IN Ancient Greece laurel was considered a sacred plant and was planted near temples dedicated to the god Apollo. Laurel was sung by poets. Heroes, victorious warriors, poets, emperors were crowned with a wreath of its leaves. ancient greek myth says that the most beautiful of ...

Sequoia evergreen (mammoth tree) - the only member of the genus woody plants from the Cypress family.

origin of name

Regarding the origin of the name, from the moment the name “sequoia” was given to this plant by the Austrian botanist S. Endlicher in 1847, until today, there are disputes between experts about the etymology of this word. The researchers were divided into two opposing camps. The first believe that the name was given in honor of the leader of one of the Cherokee Indian tribes (the tribe lived in the area where this plant was first met and described) - George Gest (Sequoias), in order to perpetuate his name and contribution to the development of the Cherokee language, so how exactly he invented the Cherokee alphabet and was the publisher of the first newspaper in this language (in 1826). Moreover, the biographers of S. Endlicher note his interest in linguistics and his tendency to name new plants in honor of famous people. The second believe that the name "sequoia" has roots in Latin, where it means “to follow something”, explaining that the Sequoia genus was bred from the genus Taxodium and is its follower, also a follower of the vegetation of the forests of the past. Indeed, Sequoia is one of the oldest plants on the planet.

Modern research from 2012 to 2017 tends to the first version of the origin of the name Sequoia.

There is another name for this plant - mammoth tree. Really appropriate appearance this relic plant. A huge tree in height and thickness, with a bizarre trunk shape, with branches resembling bivnimamont.

Description

Sequoia is evergreen tree, one of the highest (up to 110 m) and long-lived (more than 2000 years) plants on the planet. The tall, straight trunk grows over 10 meters in diameter and has a very thick bark, sometimes over 30 cm. gets dark for a while. The conical crown is formed by long branches that grow almost horizontally or slightly inclined. On the branches, the leaves are flat and elongated in shape, grow up to 2.5 cm, while the older leaves are scaly and shorter - from 0.5 to 1 cm. The roots do not penetrate deeply into the ground, but diverge widely with lateral processes.

Sequoia has a feminine and masculine beginning (monoecious plant). Pollination occurs towards the end of winter, then after 8-9 months, ovoid cones up to 3 cm in size ripen. Inside each cone there are up to 7 seeds, each up to 4 mm.

reproduction

Propagated by seeds and vegetatively - cuttings and grafting. Easily gives new shoots from an already sawn tree - from a stump, or gives lateral shoots from the trunk, due to the presence of dormant buds.

growing conditions

Studies show that the first redwoods appeared on earth more than 200 million years ago and occupied vast areas of the northern hemisphere. Then, with the change of climate on the planet, the plant gradually moved to more southern latitudes and was discovered and described on the Pacific coast. Sequoia is very fond of vast spaces, warmth and a lot of moisture in the soil, therefore today it is distributed mainly on the American continent, in the state of California, not far from the ocean. The habitat is not very large, about 700 km along the coastline, deepening into the continent from 8 to 75 km. It grows both on the flat coast, and rising to a height of up to 900 m above sea level. Sequoia loves ravines and gorges, especially those where there is often fog, but specimens growing above 300 meters above sea level are not tall and not so powerful. It is also introduced in latitudes where the climate suits it, in particular, in the Sochi Black Sea region, there are comfortable conditions for the growth of this giant tree. Is thermophilic tropical plant, can tolerate short-term frosts down to -15ºС.

Application

Light, slightly rotting and durable wood allows Sequoia to be used as a building material, in furniture production, in the manufacture of sleepers and support masts. Since wood is practically odorless, it is widely used as a tare board in the production of packaging for Food Industry and tobacco production.

Breeding species of Sequoia are used in landscape construction as dominants, in the art of bonsai.

Since this plant is considered a relic, scientists carefully track unique specimens and attribute Sequoia to the most tall plants on the planet. Such copies are given names and issued a passport. The tallest Mammoth tree on the planet is named Hyperion, reaches a height of 115.61 m and could grow further if woodpeckers had not damaged the extreme point of growth.

At the beginning of the 21st century, American scientists conducted research, as a result of which it was found that trees on Earth cannot overcome the growth height of 130 meters. This is due physical processes on the planet, such as friction and gravity. These processes take place between the bark of the wood and the liquid that escapes through holes in the bark.

SEQUOYADENDRON GIANT(Sequoiadendron giganteum) also called the mammoth tree because of its gigantic size and resemblance its huge hanging branches with mammoth tusks is undoubtedly the most famous representative.

The giant sequoiadendron is found in separate small groves (there are about 30 of them) only on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada in California (at an altitude of 1500-2000 m). The giant sequoiadendron was described in 1853. After the discovery of the Mammoth tree by Europeans, its name changed several times.


The giant sequoiadendron caught the imagination of the inhabitants of the Old World, and it is given names the greatest people. So, the famous English botanist D. Lindley, who first described this plant, calls it wellingtonia in honor of the Englishman Duke of Wellington, the hero of the Battle of Waterloo.

The Americans, in turn, proposed the name Washingtonia (or Washington Sequoia), in honor of the first US President D. Washington. But since the names Washingtonia and Wellingtonia had already been previously assigned to other plants, in 1939 this genus was named Sequoiadendron.

The giant sequoiadendron is an unusually majestic and monumental tree, reaching a height of 80-100 m, with a trunk up to 10 m in diameter, distinguished by amazing longevity. The question of the limiting age of the sequoiadendron still remains unresolved: they call both 3 and 4 thousand years.
Because of the durable, rot-resistant wood, sequoiadendrons have been rapaciously exterminated in their homeland since the time of the first explorers and gold seekers. The remaining trees, and there are only about 500 of them, have been declared protected.

The largest sequoiadendrons are proper names: "Father of the Forests", "General Sherman", "General Grant" and others. The first of them, which no longer exists, reached, as is clear from its descriptions, a height of 135 m with a trunk diameter at the base of 12 m.


It is estimated that the Sequoiadendron, known as "General Sherman", contains about 1500 m3 of wood, with a height of 83 m and a trunk diameter of 11 m at the base of the tree.

To transport it would require a train of 20-25 wagons. On the saw cut of another tree, an orchestra and three dozen dancers freely fit. There are also tunnels made in lower parts trunks (for example, such a tunnel has existed in Yosemite Park since 1881). Cars pass freely through it.


sequoiadendron as ornamental plant bred in many countries of the world. It is especially good at the age of 80-100 years with a dark green, correctly pyramidal crown starting from the ground and a translucent reddish trunk. With age, the correctness of the crown is violated, the trunk becomes bare and thickens, and the tree takes on a monumental appearance.


Having been introduced to Europe in 1853, the sequoiadendron has perfectly taken root in the parks and gardens of its southwestern part. Its seeds came to our country in 1858. The first trees were planted in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, then on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and in Central Asia.


And although they grow more slowly under these conditions than at home, they reach quite impressive sizes. So, seventy-year-old specimens grow to a height of 30 m or more (with a diameter of more than 1 m). Unlike sequoia (“mahogany”), Sequoiadendron is also called “mahogany from the Sierra”.
(с) http://www.floranimal.ru/pages/flora/s/5581.html

Because of the durable, rot-resistant wood, sequoiadendrons have been rapaciously exterminated in their homeland since the time of the first explorers and gold seekers.


The remaining trees, and there are only about 500 of them, have been declared protected. The largest sequoiadendrons have their own names: "Father of the Forests", "General Sherman", "General Grant" and others.

The first of these, now defunct, reached, as is clear from his descriptions, a height of 135 m with a trunk diameter of 12 m at the base. a height of 83 m and a trunk diameter at the base of the tree, equal to 11 m. To transport it, a train of 20-25 wagons would be required.

John Muir and Theodore Roosevelt in the National Park

sequoia- the second of the oldest national natural parks USA. It was established on September 25, 1890 to protect sequoiadendrons in the Giant Forest, including the General Sherman Tree, currently the largest tree in the world. Sequoiadendron also grows in the Mineral King Valley and Mt. Whitney - most high mountains USA outside of Alaska.

A small part of what is now Kings Canyon National Park was named General Grant National Park in 1890. In 1940, the boundaries of the park expanded significantly, including the territory of the "South Fork of the Kings River" and more than 456 thousand acres of wild territory.


The total size of the national park, including Sequoia Park, now stands at just under 900,000 acres.

People came to the forests of giant sequoias shortly after the end civil war. The General Grant tree was discovered in 1862 by Joseph Hardin Thomas and named after Lucretia Baker in 1867.

Five years later, on March 1, 1872, Ulysses Simpson Grant, the eighteenth President of the United States, approved a bill establishing Yellowstone's status as the world's first national park. Grant's Giant (Mammoth) Seiquoia Grove, as well as Yosemite Park, were approved by the same law.

From the history of the park


Captain Charles Young, Military Chief, national park Sequoia, 1903
by Wm. C. Tweed


The new military leader arrived in Sequoia National Park in the summer of 1903 and immediately encountered many difficulties. Born in Kentucky during the Civil War, Charles Young was black, which was not welcome there.


He was the first African American to graduate high school for whites in Ripley, Ohio, and took part in a serious competition, as a result of winning which he was able to enter the famous military school at West Point in 1884.


He was courageous and strong man and became the third black to be educated in this prestigious educational institution. The conditions of this training were so harsh for him that he later wrote about what was the biggest test of his life.


In May 1903, National park Sequoia was already thirteen years old, but he was still underdeveloped and hard to reach. From 1891, the management and development of the park was placed under the responsibility of the US Army, but due to lack of funding by Congress, almost nothing was done and much was stolen. The main thing is that it had roads, the construction of which began only in 1900. But the work was carried out so slowly that in three years of work only 5 miles were laid.


Young immediately set to work laying new roads and widening old ones that even small wagons could not drive on. Soon the road ran to the rock Moreau.
In 1904 Young was sent as a military attache to Haiti. He later served in the same position in Liberia.
Young took part in the Expedition to Mexico in 1916. He died in 1923 and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery with full honors.


Although Colonel Charles Young served in the Park for only one working season, his efforts were not forgotten. He is remembered for his energy, perseverance and dignity. Expensive ones built under his direction, improved only a little, are still in service.

Walter Fry: Famous Man
Malinee Crapsey
(This article first appeared in The Sequoia Bark magazine in the summer of 1994)


"When I first met Judge Fry, under his own great old trees, I knew I had met a rare man..."


In 1888, Walter Fry first encountered giant sequoias as a lumberjack and was shocked. After spending more than five days with a team of lumberjacks to cut down and fell down a single tree, he counted the annual layers on the trunk of a fallen giant.

He had to count several days and the answer was amazing: 3266 rings, that is, 3266 years of life.

Two years later, local residents petitioned the US government to take the great seiquois under state protection. The third signature on the petition was that of Walter Fry.

President Grant

The Park Authority moved the Fry family over the course of several years from the San Joaquin Valley to Trois Rivières. Fry acted as road dispatcher, and in 1905 he became a park ranger. By 1910, Fry had become a ranger chief, managing the parks for the military leadership.
In 1914, the Army finally withdrew from leadership of the Park and Fpai was appointed its official civilian leader.

Fry's contribution to the development and improvement of the Park was so significant that in 1994 the Lodgepole Nature Center was named after him.

Giant Sequoia

In the world sequoias grow in vivo only on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, most commonly between 5,000 and 7,000 feet.


There are no more than 75 groves in total.
General Sherman's tree is between 2300 and 2700 years old. Its largest branch is almost seven feet in diameter.

Sequoias grow from seeds so small and light they look like oatmeal flakes.

Take a closer look - small scarlet men are located on the branches of the giant.

Translated independently from http://www.sequoia.national-park.com/info.htm#tree

Ten biggest giants:

Tree.................................. ......Location..... .........Height(ft) Circum(ft)
1. General Sherman...........Giant Forest........274.9........102.6
2. Washington......................Giant Forest........254.7........101.1
3. General Grant ...................Grant Grove ........268.1........107.6
4. President ...............................Giant Forest .......240.9......... 93.0
5. Lincoln................................Giant Forest......255.8..... ....98.3
6. Stagg ...................................Alder Creek ........243.0. .......109.0
7. Genesis..................Mountain Home..257.1.........85.3
8. Boole .................................Convert se Basin..268.8....... .113.0
9. Ishi ...........................Giant Kennedy.....248.1 ........105.1
10. Franklin......................Giant Forest........223.8........ 94.8

From pre-park history:

To date, there has been debate among historians as to who was the first European to see Yosemite Valley. In the autumn of 1833, Joseph Reddeford Walker, perhaps the first to see the valley - in his subsequent records, he said that he led a group of hunters that crossed the Sierra Nevada and came close to the edge of the valley, which went down "more than a mile." His party was also the first to be in Tuolomni's grove of sequoiadendron trees, thus becoming the first non-locals to see these giant trees.

Part of the Sierra Nevada where the park is located, for a long time was considered the border of European settlements, traders, hunters and travelers. However, this status changed in 1848 with the discovery of gold deposits at the foot of the mountains in the west. Since that moment, trading activity in this territory has increased dramatically, as a result, provoking the California gold rush. The visitors began to destroy Natural resources, due to which the Indian tribes lived.


The first authentically known white man who saw the valley should be considered William P. Abrams, who on October 18, 1849, with his detachment accurately described some of the landmarks of the valley, but it is not known for sure whether he or any of his detachment entered the this land. However, there is no doubt that in 1850 Joseph Screech actually descended into the Hetch Hetchy valley and, moreover, settled here.

The first systematic survey of the park area was carried out in 1855 by the team of Allexey W. Von Schmidt as part of the state program land surveys "Public Land Survey System".

Mariposa Wars

Before the first Europeans appeared in this territory, the Sierra Miwok and Paiute Indian tribes lived here. By the time the first settlers came here, Yosemite Valley was inhabited by a group of Indians who called themselves the Avanichi (Ahwahnechee).


As a result of a sharp increase in the flow of immigrants during the gold rush, armed conflicts began to arise with local tribes. To put an end to the constant skirmishes, in 1851, government troops were sent to the valley - the Mariposa battalion under the command of Major James Savage in order to pursue about 200 Avanichi Indians, led by the leader Tenaya. In particular, the doctor Lafayette Bunnell was attached to the detachment, who later vividly described his impressions of what he saw in the book The Discovery of the Yosemite. Bunnell is also credited with the authorship of the name of the valley, which he gave after a conversation with the leader of Tenai.


Bunnell wrote in his book that Chief Tenai was the founder of the Pai-Ute colony of the Ah-wah-ne tribe. The Indians of the neighboring Sierra Miwok tribe (like most of the white residents who settled here) described the Avanichi Indians as a warlike tribe with which they had constant territorial disputes, the name of this tribe "yohhe'meti" literally means "they are murderers." Correspondence and notes written by the soldiers of the battalion contributed to the popularization of the valley and its surrounding area.

Tenaya and the remnants of Avanichi were taken prisoner, and their settlement was burned. The tribe was forcibly transferred to a reservation near Fresno, California. Some were subsequently allowed to return to the valley, but after an attack on eight miners in 1852, they fled to the neighboring Mono tribe, who broke their hospitality and killed them.
(c) Weinheim

For those who saw a sequoia for the first time, it will seem like something magical that came from a children's fairy tale. scientific name - sequoiadendron giant (Sequoiadendron giganteum) or sequoia, but it has another name - mammoth tree. It is really insane in size, yes, and outwardly the branches of the tree are very similar to mammoth tusks. The average diameter of the giant can reach up to 10 meters, and the height of some specimens exceeds 110 meters.

Looks like redwoods have enough long history its existence on Earth, and similar forests of mammoth trees already existed under the dinosaurs. Then they grew all over the planet, and today they natural habitat limited to a strip of the foggy coast of Northern California (hence the name - evergreen sequoia, or Californian - Sequoia sempervirens) and a site in the Sierra Nevada mountains.

Average age giant sequoias it’s hard to say for sure, they suggest 3-4 thousand years, although some are 13 thousand years old!

After mammoth tree was discovered by Europeans, its name changed several times. So, the famous British botanist D. Lindley, who first spoke about this plant, called it wellingtonia in honor of the Duke of Wellington, hero of the Battle of Waterloo. The Americans, in turn, proposed to name washingtonia(or Washington sequoia), in honor of the first President D. Washington. But since the names washingtonia and wellingtonia had previously been assigned to other plants, in 1939 this species was named sequoiadendron.

Unusual facts:

A live sequoia that has been felled will continue to try to grow with its shoots. If nothing prevents this, the upward-facing shoots will turn into independent trees, and many groups of sequoia trees got their start in this way. The "cathedral" or family of trees is precisely the trees that have grown from the undead remains of the trunk of a fallen sequoia, and since they have grown around the perimeter of the former stump, they form a circle. If you analyze the genetic material from the cells of these trees, you will find that it is the same in all of them and in the stump from which they grew.

12 294

Poplars are short-lived: on average, they live no more than 100 years. But in terms of growth rate, these are champions among trees. So, black poplar, or sedge, ...

The life of the inhabitants of the planet Pandora from the movie Avatar directly depended on sacred tree. If it dies, they will die too. In Madagascar, they are sure: how ...