In 1953, during a large-scale reduction of the Armed Forces of the USSR, 35 separate companies were disbanded special purpose. The 11 remaining companies were distributed as follows:
66th OrdnSpN
67th Special Forces
75th OrdnSpN(military unit 61272, Northern Military District, Olonets);
77th OrdnSpN(military unit 71108, Baltic Military District, 11th Guards Army, Kaliningrad, RSFSR);
78th Special Forces(military unit 61290, Belorussian Military District, 28th Army, Grodno, Belorussian SSR);
81st OrdnSpN(military unit 61321, Carpathian Military District, 13th Army, Lutsk, Volyn region, Ukrainian SSR);
82nd Special Forces(military unit 71116, Carpathian Military District, 38th Army, Stanislav (Ivano-Frankivsk), Ukrainian SSR);
85th Special Forces
86th OrdnSpN
91st Special Forces(military unit 51423, Central Asian Military District, Kazandzhik);
92nd Special Forces(military unit p/n 51447, Northern Group of Forces, Shekon, Poland).

In addition, the remaining companies were transferred under the control of the High Command of the Ground Forces. The total number of personnel is 1,320 people.

The disbandment of so many combat units was a heavy blow to military intelligence as a whole. So, on January 11, 1957, Major General N.V. Sherstnev sent a memo to the Chief of the General Staff, in which he pointed out that the companies were not able to provide versatile combat training, and proposed instead of 11 companies to create 3 special forces and one air squadron of district subordination. The number of the detachment would be about 400 people.

The then Minister of Defense of the USSR Marshal Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov appreciated the potential of special intelligence and pinned great hopes on it in a possible war. Published on his direct orders, the directive of the Chief of the General Staff No. ОШ / 1/224878 of August 9, 1957 and the directive of the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces of August 25, 1957, 5 separate special-purpose battalions were formed, subordinate to the commander of military districts and groups of troops. The base and personnel of 8 special-purpose companies were turned to the formation of battalions.

In accordance with the directive of the Chief of the General Staff No. OSH / 1 / 244878 of August 9, 1957, the following were formed:
26th Special Forces(military unit p / p 24584, Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, Weber-Havel), formed on the basis of the 66th and 67th Special Forces, the number of battalions in the state No. 04/26 was 485 people, commander: lieutenant colonel R.P. Mosolov;
27th Special Forces(military unit p / p 42551, Northern Group of Forces, Strzegom, then Legnica), formed on the basis of the 92nd Special Forces, the number of battalions in the state No. 04/25 was 376 people, commander: Lieutenant Colonel M. P. Pashkov;
36th Special Forces(military unit 32104, Prykarpatsky Military District, Drohobych, Lviv region), formed on the basis of the 81st and 82nd Special Forces, the number of battalions in the state No. 04/25 was 376 people, commander: Lieutenant Colonel Shapovalov;
43rd Special Forces(military unit 32105, Transcaucasian Military District, the city of Manglisi, then - the city of Lagodekhi, Georgian SSR), formed on the basis of the 85th and 86th Special Forces, the number of battalions in state No. 04/25 was 376 people, commander: lieutenant colonel I.I. Geleverya;
61st Special Forces(military unit 32110, Turkestan Military District, Kazandzhik, then - the city of Samarkand, Uzbek SSR), formed on the basis of the 91st Special Forces, the number of battalions in state No. 04/24 was 253 people, commander: Lieutenant Colonel Tormtsev.

Three companies were kept separate, while they were transferred to the new state No. 04/23, the number of companies was 123 people:
75th OrdnSpN(military unit p/p 61272, Southern Group of Forces, Nyiregyhaze);
77th OrdnSpN(military unit 71108, Baltic Military District, Kaliningrad);
78th Special Forces(military unit 61290, Odessa Military District, Simferopol).

A separate special-purpose battalion included three special-purpose companies, a special radio communications platoon, a training platoon, and a logistics platoon.

A separate special-purpose company included a directorate, two reconnaissance platoons, a training reconnaissance platoon, a communications platoon, an automobile and economic department. A total of 112 people, incl. 9 officers and 9 conscripts, 6 vehicles (1 GAZ-69, 1 GAZ-51, 4 GAZ-63), 1 R-118 radio station based on ZIL-157. They were armed with AKS-47 assault rifles, PD-47 parachutes, then D-1 and D-1-8.

Separate battalions and special-purpose companies were stationed in the border districts and groups of troops and were subordinate to the commanders of the districts and groups. combat training The newly formed units began on December 1, 1957.

For the training of special forces officers, the Minister of Defense of the USSR Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov, by directive NGSH No. 1546 of August 9, 1957, ordered the formation of a second airborne school (in addition to Ryazan) by January 15, 1958 in the GRU General Staff system (in addition to Ryazan) and deploy it in the city of Tambov. As you know, this attempt was the reason for the removal of the marshal from his post, and the school was never created.

The second wave of the formation of special forces units occurred in 1961. In order to strengthen the special intelligence of the districts, in addition to the existing units, by directives of the General Staff No. Org / 3 / 61588 of August 21, 1961 and No. OSH / 2 / 347491 of August 26, 1961 By October 1, 1961, 8 more separate special-purpose companies were formed:
791st OrdnSpN(military unit 71603, Siberian Military District, Berdsk);
793rd OrSpN(military unit 55511, Moscow Military District, Voronezh);
799th OrdnSpN(military unit 55577, North Caucasian Military District, Novocherkassk, Rostov Region);
806th OrSpN(military unit 64656, Trans-Baikal Military District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia);
808th OrSpN(military unit 71606, Privolzhsky Military District, Kuibyshev);
820th OrSpN(military unit 55576, Kiev Military District, Chernihiv);
822nd OrSpN(military unit 74973, Ural Military District, Sverdlovsk);
827th OrSpN(military unit 55505, Far Eastern Military District, Belogorsk).

Thus, by the end of 1961, the GRU special forces consisted of 5 separate battalions and 11 separate companies, which included 2,870 people in the state.

The reason for the creation of special forces units in the Armed Forces of the USSR was the appearance in service potential adversary mobile means of nuclear attack for operational-tactical and tactical purposes. Spetsnaz was conceived as a means of detecting the means of his nuclear attack behind enemy lines and having the ability to independently destroy him.

In addition to the destruction of nuclear attack weapons, other tasks facing the special forces in the first years of its existence were: reconnaissance of the concentration of enemy troops and objects in its deep rear; conducting sabotage at enemy rear facilities and communications, creating panic and disorganizing the work of the rear; organization and leadership of the national liberation movement; destruction of prominent military and politicians enemy. However, the latter task was subsequently removed from the guidance documents.

In accordance with the directive of the Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR Marshal of the Soviet Union A.M. Vasilevsky No. Org / 2 / 395832 of October 24, 1950, separate special-purpose companies are created under combined arms and mechanized armies, as well as under military districts that did not have army associations. In pursuance of this directive, in 1950 - 1953, according to state 04/20, 46 special-purpose companies were formed (41 army and 5 front-line in the border military districts of the western direction - the Baltic, Leningrad, Belorussian, Carpathian and Odessa):
66th OrdnSpN(military unit p/p 71060, Group of Soviet occupying troops in Germany, 3rd shock army, Güzen);
67th Special Forces(military unit p/p 61249, Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany, 8th Guards Army, Halle);
68th Special Forces(military unit p/n 51198, Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany, 1st Guards Mechanized Army);
69th OrdnSpN(military unit p/n 71063, Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany, 2nd Guards Mechanized Army, Alt-Strelitz), commander: Captain F.I. Gredasov;
70th Special Forces(military unit p/p 61253, Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany, 3rd Guards Mechanized Army);
71st Special Forces(military unit p/p 51200, Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany, 4th Guards Mechanized Army);
72nd Special Forces(military unit p/p 71097, Central Group of Forces);
73rd Special Forces(military unit p/p 61256, Northern Group of Forces);
74th OrdnSpN(military unit 71104, Ural Military District, Separate mechanized army, Aramil settlement, Sverdlovsk region, RSFSR);
75th OrdnSpN(military unit 61272, Belomorsky Military District, settlement of Nurmalishche, Olonetsky district, Karelian-Finnish Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic);
76th Special Forces(military unit 51404, Leningrad Military District, settlement of Promezhitsy, Pskov region, RSFSR);
77th OrdnSpN(military unit 71108, Baltic Military District, 11th Guards Army, Kaliningrad, RSFSR), commander: Captain S. Tokmakov;
78th Special Forces(military unit 61290, Belarusian military district, 28th army, Grodno, BSSR);
79th Special Forces(military unit 51407, Belorussian Military District, 5th Guards Mechanized Army);
80th Special Forces(military unit 71109, Belarusian Military District, 7th mechanized army);
81st OrdnSpN(military unit 61321, Carpathian Military District, 13th Army, Lutsk, Volyn region, Ukrainian SSR);
82nd Special Forces(military unit 71116, Carpathian Military District, 38th Army, Stanislav (Ivano-Frankivsk), Ukrainian SSR);
83rd OrdnSpN(military unit 61338, Carpathian Military District, 8th Mechanized Army, Zhitomir, Ukrainian SSR);
84th OrdnSpN(military unit 51410, Odessa Military District);
85th Special Forces(military unit 71126, Transcaucasian Military District, 4th Army, Baku, Azerbaijan SSR);
86th OrdnSpN(military unit 61428, Transcaucasian Military District, 7th Guards Army, Yerevan, Armenian SSR);
87th OrdnSpN(military unit 51462, Turkestan Military District);
88th Special Forces(military unit 51422, Far Eastern Military District, 37th Guards Airborne Corps);
89th Special Forces(military unit 71127, Far Eastern Military District, 1st Separate Red Banner Army);
90th Special Forces(military unit 61432, Trans-Baikal Military District, 6th Guards Mechanized Army);
91st Special Forces(military unit 51423, Primorsky Military District, 5th Army, Talovy settlement), commander: Major Rusinov;
92nd Special Forces(military unit 51447, Primorsky Military District, 25th Army, Art. Fighter Kuznetsov, Budennovsky District, Primorsky Territory), Commander: Major S.I. Dubovtsev;
93rd Special Forces(military unit p/p 71138, Primorsky Military District, 39th Army, Port Arthur, China);
94th Special Forces(military unit 61442, Far Eastern Military District, 14th Army);
95th Special Forces(military unit 61508, Separate Airborne Army, 8th Guards Airborne Corps);
96th OrdnSpN(military unit 71200, Separate Airborne Army, 15th Guards Airborne Corps);
97th Special Forces(military unit 71143, Separate Airborne Army, 38th Guards Airborne Corps);
98th Special Forces(military unit 61453, Separate Airborne Army, 39th Guards Airborne Corps);
99th OrdnSpN(military unit 51413, Arkhangelsk Military District, Arkhangelsk, RSFSR);
100th Special Forces(military unit 71145, Kiev Military District, 1st Guards Army, Nizhyn, Chernigov Region, Ukrainian SSR), commander: Captain P.A. Malyakshin;
195th OrdnSpN(military unit 61503, Moscow Military District);
196th OrdnSpN(military unit 51425, Privolzhsky Military District);
197th OrdnSpN(military unit 51506, Ural Military District);
198th OrdnSpN(military unit 71147, South Ural Military District);
199th Special Forces(military unit 61504, East Siberian Military District);
200th Special Forces(military unit 51428, West Siberian Military District);
226th OrdnSpN(military unit 51511, North Caucasian Military District);
227th OrdnSpN(military unit 71185, Donskoy Military District, Novocherkassk, Rostov Region, RSFSR), commander: Captain A.A. Snegirev;
228th Special Forces(military unit 61507, Tauride Military District);
229th OrdnSpN(military unit 51440, Gorky Military District);
230th Special Forces(military unit 71187, Voronezh Military District).

Organizationally, the special-purpose company included three special-purpose platoons, a training platoon and a communications platoon with a telephone and radio interception group. The number of personnel according to the state No. 04/20 of a separate special-purpose company (in the troops, for reasons of secrecy, they were simply called reconnaissance companies) was 112 people, including 9 officers, 10 sergeants and foremen of long-term service (ensigns in Soviet army then it was not yet) and 93 sergeants and conscripts.

The formation of individual companies took place both from scratch and on the basis of pre-existing reconnaissance units. For example, the 76th separate special-purpose company of the Leningrad Military District was formed on the basis of a training reconnaissance and sabotage platoon of the 237th Guards Parachute Regiment of the 76th Guards Airborne Division (Leningrad Military District, Pskov), and the 69th I am a separate special-purpose company of the 2nd Guards Mechanized Army - based on a separate reconnaissance battalion of the 9th Guards Tank Division. Responsibility for the formation and training of special forces units was assigned to the intelligence departments of the headquarters of the respective military districts.

When training personnel, the main attention was paid to reconnaissance, sabotage, airborne training and mine blasting using special means.

The general leadership of the special forces was entrusted to a specially created direction under the 2nd department of the 3rd directorate (military intelligence) of the 2nd Main Directorate (GRU) of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR. It was headed by Colonel P.I. Stepanov.

“... in despotic states, governments
create two armies: one to fight their
enemies, and the other in order to keep in
obedience to one's own people."
J. Fuller,
British military historian

“There were no police special forces in the USSR -
democracy was not developed…”
V. Vlasenko,
colonel, veteran of the Internal Troops



Donetsk special forces - fighters of the 23rd separate special-purpose battalion of the NSU, 1998

In the late 1970s in the USSR, new, until then unknown, types of crimes are spreading: the seizure of aircraft by terrorists, the taking of hostages in correctional labor institutions, and so on. To act in such extreme situations, specially trained groups of military personnel were required, ready for skillful, decisive and quick actions to neutralize dangerous criminals. This was very relevant in connection with the forthcoming Summer Olympic Games in 1980.

The first attempt to create such a unit in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs dates back to 1973. Then, as part of a special operation to free the hostages taken at Bykovo Airport, Moscow Region, a combined operational military detachment (SOVO) was formed. However, at the end of the operation, it was disbanded.

But special forces were needed. As a result, in accordance with the order of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs of December 29, 1977, on the basis of the 9th (sports) company of the 3rd battalion of the 2nd motorized rifle regiment named after. The sixtieth anniversary of the Komsomol (military unit 3186), which was part of the famous Separate Motorized Rifle Orders of Lenin and the October Revolution of the Red Banner Special Purpose Division of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR named after. F.E. Dzerzhinsky (military unit 3111, Reutovo, Moscow Region), was formed training company special purpose (URSpN). This unit, which later became the Vityaz special forces detachment, was intended primarily for the development and use curricula for special purpose units of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.

The first special unit proved to be quite successful, and a decision was made in the Combat Training Directorate of the GUVV on the further development of special forces. By order of the head of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR of April 10, 1979, for actions in critical situations special-purpose training units were created in motorized rifle and special motorized units. They were trained in general program combat and political training, during physical training, emphasis was placed on the study of techniques hand-to-hand combat, which were necessary for the detention of especially dangerous criminals.

In Donetsk, the URSpN was formed in 1990 as part of the 50th separate operational motorized rifle regiment of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs (military unit 3395).

lovers military history it is known that the history of the Soviet armed forces is fraught with many secrets and mysteries. The origin (so to speak) of the 50th motorized rifle regiment is also a mystery.

The fact is that this part had, as it were, two stories: real and mythological, so to speak legendary. Moreover, the highlight (or, as they would say now, “trick”) is that the mythological history has become the official history of the part, and the real one has been safely forgotten.

According to the official (that is, mythological) version, this military unit was created in 1926 to protect the western border of the USSR in the city of Sebezh as the 11th Sebezh border detachment of the OGPU. Then the 11th border detachment was part of the NKVD troops of the Leningrad District and was stationed in the village. Red Leningrad region. With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, by order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 001419 of September 25, 1941, the border detachment was reorganized into the 11th border regiment. In the period 1941 - 1945. the unit performed combat missions to protect the rear of the Northern, North-Western, Volkhov, 2nd Baltic and 1st Ukrainian fronts, and then proceeded to guard the rear of the Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany (GSOVG). In May 1946, the unit became known as the 11th Infantry Regiment of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.

According to another (real, but forgotten) version, the 11th Infantry Regiment of the Internal Troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs was formed by order of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 0012 dated January 12, 1949 in Karl-Marx-Stadt (Germany) to protect uranium ore mining and enrichment facilities . And he had nothing in common, except for the number, with the 11th border regiment.

It is no longer possible to establish which of the political officers (namely, they were most often involved in history military units) attributed to the regiment a heroic military past. But everyone liked this “past” and successfully took root.

By order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR No. 004 of January 21, 1957, in connection with the disbandment of the Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Germany, the 11th Infantry Regiment was withdrawn to the territory of the USSR and stationed in the city of Stalino (since 1961 - Donetsk).

By order of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 0507 of August 22, 1957, the 11th rifle regiment of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs was reorganized into the 67th separate motorized rifle division of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs (military unit 3395).

By order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR No. 0055 of November 28, 1968, the 67th division was transformed into the 510th separate motorized rifle battalion of the Internal Troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs (military unit 3395).

In the late 1980s - early 1990s. parts of the internal troops took an active part in establishing law and order in the course of numerous interethnic conflicts on the territory of the USSR. But it was hard for them to cope with official workloads. The command of the internal troops, having carried out analytical calculations, came to the conclusion that it was necessary to increase the organizational strength of operational units.

As a result, by order of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 03 of January 18, 1990, the 510th battalion was deployed into the 50th separate operational motorized rifle regiment of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs (military unit 3395).

And immediately, the servicemen of the newly created regiment had a chance to take part in ending the Armenian-Azerbaijani armed conflict in the city of Nakhichevan, having made three business trips in the confrontation zone: in the spring and summer of 1990 and in the spring of 1991.

By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR No. 1465-XII of August 30, 1991 “On the subordination of internal troops stationed on its territory to Ukraine”, units and subunits of the Internal Troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs stationed on the territory of the republic came under the jurisdiction of Ukraine.

On November 4, 1991, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law of Ukraine No. 1774-XII "On the National Guard of Ukraine". According to the law, the National Guard was entrusted with the functions of protecting the constitutionality and inviolability of Ukraine, participating in the elimination of the consequences of accidents and natural Disasters, border protection, especially important state facilities, embassies and consulates foreign states, public order.

By order of the Commander of the NSU No. 02 dated January 2, 1992, the 11th regiment of the NSU (military unit 4111) was formed on the basis of the 50th separate operational motorized rifle regiment of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs (military unit 3395). At the same time, the special forces regimental company was deployed into a special-purpose battalion.


Sleeve patches of the special forces battalion of the 11th regiment of the NSU, 1992 - 1998.

In accordance with Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 158 "On measures to protect state border Ukraine with the Republic of Moldova” dated March 17, 1992, the military personnel of the special purpose battalion of the regiment took part in the protection of the Ukrainian border in the zone of the Transnistrian armed conflict.

In 1995, the management and units of the regiment moved from the street. Oil on the street. Kuprin, to the barracks of the former Donetsk Higher Military-Political School engineering troops and communications troops. Army General A.A. Epishev. In 1996, the 11th regiment of the NSU included a special-purpose battalion (military unit 4111 "C"), which remained on the street. Oil, 2 motorized rifle battalions (2 companies each), fire support division, anti-aircraft division (armed with ZU-23-2 installations), company combat support, logistics company, repair company, communications company. Combat vehicles units of the regiment was very diverse and consisted of three types of armored personnel carriers BTR-60PB, BTR-70 and BTR-80.


"Show-off" - demonstration performances of special forces

In 1995 - 1996 as part of the further improvement of the organizational and staffing structure of the NSU, which suffered significant "losses" when transferring part of its units to the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, separate special-purpose units were created as part of the guard. The first such unit was the 17th separate special-purpose battalion of the NSU "White Panther" (military unit 2215), formed on April 4, 1995 on the basis of the special-purpose battalion of the 1st regiment of the NSU (military unit 4101, Kiev) in With. New Petrivtsi, Vyshgorodsky district, Kyiv region. And the second was the 23rd separate special-purpose battalion of the NSU "Grom" (military unit 2243), formed on December 26, 1996 on the basis of the special-purpose battalion of the 11th regiment of the NSU (military unit 4111, Donetsk).



Sleeve patch and a special emblem on the headgear (beret) of the 23rd separate special-purpose battalion of NSU

Two years later, in the course of another reform in the guard, by order of the KNGU No. 365 of December 26, 1998, the 11th regiment of the NGU was transformed into the 26th brigade of the special purpose of the NGU (military unit 4111).

In accordance with the Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 1586/99 "On the transfer of units of the National Guard of Ukraine to other military formations" of December 17, 1999 and the Law of Ukraine No. 1363-XIV "On the disbandment of the National Guard of Ukraine" of January 11, 2000, by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine No. 37 "On the acceptance of formations, military units, institutions, institutions of the National Guard of Ukraine and their subordination into the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine" dated January 19, 2000, the 26th brigade and the 23rd separate battalion of special forces of the National Guard of Ukraine became part of VV MIA of Ukraine.

After some time, the 26th brigade was reorganized into the 44th operational regiment of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (military unit 4111), and the 23rd separate battalion became part of it, becoming the regiment's line special forces battalion.

Subsequently, the 44th regiment was reorganized into the 34th separate operational battalion of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (military unit 4111), which was disbanded on November 20, 2004. Its personnel as a linear operational battalion was merged into the 17th special motorized police regiment of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (military unit 3037).

But this sad story of the "death" of the Donetsk special forces was not without a curiosity. Now the political officers (that is, deputies for educational work) of the 17th motorized police regiment "privatized" the legendary version of the formation of the 50th separate motorized rifle regiment of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs and derive a new pedigree from the 11th border regiment of the NKVD during the Great Patriotic War simply on the basis of the fact that the operational line battalion of the regiment when -something belonged to the glorious cohort of special forces of the Internal Troops.


Former commander 23rd Special Purpose Battalion NSU A.S. Nadtochy

And, finally, a few words about another little-known division of the Donetsk special forces. By order of the commander National Guard Ukraine No. 85 dated April 15, 1998, as part of the 4th division of the NSU (military unit 2240, Donetsk), a separate reconnaissance company for special purposes was formed (military unit 2240 "R"). The personnel of the company consisted of 7 officers, 1 ensign, 12 contract soldiers and 52 soldiers and sergeants of military service. Athletes and strong guys from special forces throughout the division were selected into the company. Airborne training with parachute jumps was organized for the military personnel of the company at the airfield of the OSOU (Society for the Assistance to the Defense of Ukraine, formerly DOSAAF) near the city of Mospino, after which the scouts were handed airborne blue berets. In 1999, the company was renamed the Separate Intelligence Unit for Special Purpose and Anti-Terror. After the transfer of the units of the NSU to the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, its traditions are inherited by the special-purpose intelligence company of the 17th special motorized police regiment (military unit 3037), although it already consisted entirely of contract soldiers, and parachute jumps were made at the OSOU airfield near Volnovakha at your own expense...


Separate reconnaissance unit of the 4th division of the Novosibirsk State University, Mospino, 1998

The combat use of military formations performing reconnaissance and special tasks behind enemy lines has its own rich history. Today we can recall the horse-chasseur teams of Field Marshal P.A. Rumyantsev; famous organizers partisan movement M.I.Kutuzov and Prince P.I.Bagration; actions behind enemy lines by DV Davydov; civil war in Spain and saboteur No. 1 I. G. Starinov, and many, many others.

Modern special forces did not appear from scratch. During the years of the Civil War, special military units were created in a number of armies and fronts to train saboteurs, transfer them behind enemy lines and lead them. In the 1930s, in case of war in the border military districts, on the basis of engineering and sapper units, sabotage and partisan detachments and groups were prepared, which received the name "sapper-camouflage platoons." During the Great Patriotic War, the military intelligence agencies of the fronts created a significant number of special military formations to conduct reconnaissance and sabotage operations behind enemy lines. Everyone is well aware of the famous separate special-purpose brigade in which he served.WWII hero Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya.

With the change in the military-political situation in the world after the end of the Second World War and the emergence nuclear weapons a decision was made to create special-purpose companies under combined-arms and mechanized armies, in the airborne army and in military districts that did not have armies. On October 24, 1950, the Minister of Defense of the USSR Marshal of the Soviet Union A.M. Vasilevsky signed Directive No. ORG / 2/395/832, ordering the formation of 46 special-purpose companies with a staff strength of 120 people by May 1, 1951, in all military districts, groups of troops and fleets. This day is considered to be the birthday of the GRU special forces and subunits.


The personnel of the first units were selected from army intelligence. The rich experience of reconnaissance and sabotage activities of Soviet partisans and intelligence saboteurs was widely used.

By May 1, 1951, 46 companies were formed with a staff strength of 120 people. All of them were subordinate to the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff. In fact, special-purpose companies could be called "companies of miners-paratroopers", but due to the special focus of the tasks, they received the name they received.


The following tasks were set before the new formation: organizing and conducting reconnaissance, destroying any means of nuclear attack, identifying military formations andcarrying out special missions behind enemy lines, organizing and conducting sabotage actions, creating behind enemy linesrebel (partisan) units, etc.

Over time, the structure and quantitative composition of the special forces have changed more than once, but the essence of its mission has always remained the same.

At the very beginning of the 50s, the Soviet Army suffered a large reduction. Divisions, brigades and regiments were reduced by tens and hundreds, many corps, armies and districts were disbanded. The GRU special forces did not escape the fate of reductions either - in 1953, the 35th special-purpose company was disbanded. General N.V. Ogarkov saved special intelligence from a complete reduction, who was able to prove to the government the need to have such formations in the USSR Armed Forces.

In total, 11 special-purpose companies were retained. Companies remained in the most important operational areas:

  • 18th separate special-purpose company Z6th combined arms army Trans-Baikal Military District (near the town of Borzya);
  • 26th separate special-purpose company of the 2nd Guards Mechanized Army of the Group of Soviet Occupation Forces in Germany (garrison in Furstenberg);
  • 27th separate special-purpose company (district) in the Northern Group of Forces (Poland, Strzegom);
  • 36th separate special-purpose company of the 13th combined arms army of the Carpathian military district (Khmelnitsky);
  • 43rd separate special-purpose company of the 7th Guards Army of the Transcaucasian Military District (Lagodekhi);
  • 61st Separate Special Purpose Company of the 5th Combined Arms Army of the Primorsky Military District (Ussuriysk);
  • 75th separate special-purpose company in the Special Mechanized Army (Hungary, Nyiregyhaza);
  • 76th separate special-purpose company of the 23rd combined arms army of the Leningrad Military District (Pskov);
  • 77th separate special-purpose company of the 8th mechanized army of the Carpathian military district (Zhytomyr);
  • 78th separate special-purpose company (district) in the Taurida military district (Simferopol);
  • 92nd separate special-purpose company of the 25th combined-arms army of the Primorsky military district (n. p. Fighter Kuznetsov).

Among the total number of disbanded special forces companies, one should mention companies that, in addition to general “special forces” training, also had special conditions of service: for example, soldiers of the 99th separate special forces company (district) of the Arkhangelsk Military District in combat training tasks in the difficult conditions of the Arctic, scouts of the 200th separate special-purpose company of the Siberian Military District studied “Chinese. theater of operations, and the personnel of the 227th separate special-purpose company of the 9th combined arms army of the North Caucasian military district underwent mountain training.

In 1956, the 61st separate special-purpose company of the 5th combined arms army of the Far Eastern military district was relocated to the Turkestan military district in the city of Kazandzhik. Probably, the leadership of the General Staff decided to pay attention to the southern "Islamic" direction. The second wave of the formation of separate special-purpose companies took place at the beginning of the 70s.

Apparently, at that time the fathers of the General Staff decided to give a "special purpose tool" not only to the fronts (districts), but also to some combined arms formations. As a result, several separate companies were formed for armies and army corps. Several companies were formed for internal military districts that did not previously have special intelligence units. In particular, the 791st separate special-purpose company was formed in the Siberian Military District. In the Western Group of Forces in Germany and on Far East separate companies were formed in each army.

In 1979, the 459th separate special-purpose company was formed as part of the Turkestan military district for the purpose of subsequent use in Afghanistan. The company will be introduced into the DRA and will show itself as the most the best way. Another wave of formation of separate special-purpose companies occurred in the mid-80s. Then companies were formed in all armies and corps, which until that moment did not have such units. Companies were formed even in such exotic (but quite justified) directions as Sakhalin (877th separate special-purpose company of the 68th army corps) and Kamchatka (571st separate special-purpose company of the 25th army corps).

In 1957, the leadership of the Armed Forces of the USSR decided to reorganize five special-purpose companies into battalions. By the end of the year, the USSR Armed Forces included five special-purpose battalions and four separate special-purpose companies:

· 26th Separate Special Purpose Battalion GSVG (Fürstenberg);

· 27th Special Purpose Hotel Battalion of the SGV (Stregom);

· 36th separate special-purpose battalion of the PrikVO (Khmelnitsky);

· 43rd separate special-purpose battalion 3akVO (Lagodekhi);

· 61st Separate Special Purpose Battalion TurkVO (Kazandzhik);

· 18th separate special-purpose company 36th od 3aBVO (Borzya);

· 75th separate special-purpose company of the South GV (Nyiregyhaza);

· 77th separate special-purpose company of the 8th TD PrikVO (Zhytomyr);

· 78th separate special-purpose company of the OdVO (Simferopol).

At the same time, two companies were disbanded, the personnel of which went to staff new battalions. For example, the 92nd separate special-purpose company of the 25th Army of the Far Eastern Military District was urgently loaded onto the echelon and sent to Poland - on the basis of this company and the 27th company of the Northern Group of Forces, the 27th separate special-purpose battalion was formed in the SGV .. The transfer of special forces to the battalion structure made it possible to optimize educational process, freeing a significant part of the personnel from garrison and guard duty. Three battalions were concentrated in the western (European) direction, one was in the Caucasus and one more in Central Asia.

There were three companies in the western direction, and at that time we had only one special-purpose company in the eastern direction as part of the 36th Army of the Trans-Baikal Military District. Subsequently, after the creation of the brigades, the special-purpose battalions became known as detachments, and organizationally they were all part of the brigades. Starting from the 60s, battalions did not exist as independent combat units, with the exception of individual detachments of brigades, which could be allocated from the formation for operations in separate operational areas, but in Peaceful time continued to be in the brigades.

The experience of conducting combat training and various exercises showed the need to create formations in the GRU system that are much larger than the existing separate battalions, which would be able to solve an expanded range of tasks.


In particular, during the threatened period, special forces were supposed to engage not only in reconnaissance and sabotage behind enemy lines, but also in the formation of partisan detachments in the occupied territory (or in the territory that could be occupied). In the future, relying on these partisan formations, the special forces had to solve their problems. It was the partisan orientation that was the priority combat mission of the formations being created.

In accordance with the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU of August 20, 1961 "On the training of personnel and the development of special equipment for organizing and equipping partisan detachments" by the directive of the General Staff of February 5, 1962, in order to train and accumulate personnel for the deployment of the partisan movement in war time the commanders of the military districts were ordered to select 1,700 reserve servicemen, bring them into a brigade and conduct a thirty-day training camp.

After the training camp, the personnel were assigned special military registration specialties. They were not allowed to be booked national economy and not be used for its intended purpose.

By the directive of the General Staff of March 27, 1962, drafts of the states of special-purpose brigades for peacetime and wartime were developed.

Since 1962, the creation of 10 cadre brigades began, the formation and arrangement of which was basically completed by the end of 1963:

  • 2nd obrSpN(military unit 64044), formed on December 1, 1962 (according to other sources, in 1964) on the basis of the collapsed 76th Special Forces Special Forces of the LenVO and the personnel of the 237th Guards Airborne Regiment, first commander - D.N. Grishakov; Leningrad Military District, Pechory, Promezhitsy;
  • 4th obrSpN(military unit 77034), formed in 1962 in Riga, first commander - D.S. Zhizhin; Baltic Military District, then transferred to Viljandi;
  • 5th obrSpN(military unit 89417), formed in 1962, first commander - I.I. Kovalevsky; Belarusian military district, Maryina Gorka;
  • 8th obrSpN(military unit 65554), formed in 1962 on the basis of the 36th OBSPN, Carpathian Military District, Izyaslav, Ukraine;
  • 9th obrSpN(military unit 83483), formed in 1962, the first commander - L.S. Egorov; Kiev Military District, Kirovograd, Ukraine;
  • 10th obrSpN(military unit 65564), formed in 1962, Odessa Military District, Stary Krym, Pervomaisky;
  • 12th obrSpN(military unit 64406), formed in 1962 on the basis of the 43rd OBSPN, the first commander was I.I. Geleverya; 3 Caucasian Military District, Lagodekhi, Georgia;
  • 14th obrSpN(military unit 74854), formed on January 1, 1963 on the basis of the 77th orb, first commander - P.N. Rymin; Far Eastern Military District, Ussuriysk;
  • 15th obrSpN(military unit 64411), formed on January 1, 1963 on the basis of the 61st Special Operations Division, first commander - N.N. Lutsev; Turkestan Military District, Chirchik, Uzbekistan;
  • 16th obrSpN(military unit 54607), formed on January 1, 1963, first commander - D.V. Shipka; Moscow military district, Chuchkovo.

The brigades were formed mainly by military personnel of the reconnaissance units of the airborne and ground forces. For example, the backbone of the officers of the 14th Specialized Special Forces of the Far Eastern Military District during the formation was staffed by officers of the 98th Guards Airborne Division from Belogorsk (from which 14 officers - participants in the Second World War came to the brigade), and conscripts were recruited from the military registration and enlistment offices.

Basically, the formation of the first ten brigades ended on the 7th beginning of 1963, but, for example, the 2nd Special Forces, according to some sources, was finally formed only in 1964.

The organizational and staffing structure of a separate special-purpose brigade in 1963 was as follows:

  • brigade headquarters (about 30 people);
  • one deployed Special Forces detachment (164 people in the state);
  • a reduced-staff special radio communications detachment (about 60 people);
  • three cadre detachments of the Special Forces;
  • two framed separate detachments of Special Forces;
  • economic support company;

in addition, the brigade included such collapsed units as:

  • company of special mining;
  • group of special weapons (ATGM, RS Grad-P, P3RK).

In peacetime, the size of a cadre brigade did not exceed 200-300 people; according to the wartime states, a fully deployed special-purpose brigade had more than 2,500 people.

At the beginning of its existence, the brigades were cadre, and in particular, in the 9th Special Forces, stationed in Ukraine in the city of Kirovograd, there were initially six detachments, in which only the first detachment had two special forces companies, a special weapons platoon and a special radio communications platoon. The other five detachments had only commanders. The command, headquarters and political department of the brigade consisted of thirty people. Colonel L.S. Egorov was appointed the first commander of the 9th brigade, but soon he received a spinal injury on parachute jumps, and Colonel V.I. Arkhireev was appointed commander of the brigade.


By the end of 1963, the USSR Armed Forces included (some in the process of formation):

  • twelve separate special purpose companies;
  • two separate special-purpose battalions;
  • ten separate special purpose brigades (frame).

Soon, special forces units and units were reorganized, as a result of which, by the end of 1964, the composition of the USSR Armed Forces remained:

  • six separate special purpose companies;
  • two separate special-purpose battalions (26th and 27th) in the western direction;
  • ten separate framed special forces brigades.

In August 1965, the Chief of the General Staff for generals and officers of military intelligence and special forces engaged in combat training of personnel in the tactics of partisan actions approved the "Manual on the organization and tactics of partisans."

At that time, special forces brigades were perceived by everyone - as a reserve for deployment behind enemy lines guerrilla war. The special forces were even called that - partisans. The experience of creating such formations, it seems, came from the training of the partisan special reserve in the late 20s - early 30s, as you know, all its members were repressed in the late 30s.

In 1966, in the Odessa military district, the 165th The educational center special purpose. The center was based in the Simferopol region and existed at least until 1990.

In 1966, in Furstenberg (Werder garrison, Neu-Timmen) on the basis of the 5th Guards Separate Reconnaissance Motorcycle Battalion (former during the war, the 5th Guards Warsaw-Berlin Reconnaissance Motorcycle Regiment, which was formed in 1944) by the directive of the Commander-in-Chief of the GSVG, on the basis of the 26th OBSpN, with the involvement of the forces of the 27th OBSPN, the 48th and 166th orbs, a special-purpose unit of a new type was formed - the 3rd obrSpN, which inherited from the 5th motorcycle battalion got the guards rank . Colonel R.P. was appointed commander of the new brigade. Mosolov. The brigade received the code name of military unit 83149. The main difference between the new brigade and the existing ones was that the brigade, even during formation, was deployed to a full, special staff, and also that the brigade included separate units - separate special forces.

This brigade at that time was the most complete (up to 1300 personnel) and was in constant combat readiness to perform tasks as intended. The detachments of the brigade were formed in a slightly different state than the detachments of the brigades that were stationed in the USSR. These detachments had a staff of 212 people, while the "allied" brigades had detachments with a staff of only 164 people. The full name of the formation: 3rd Separate Guards Red Banner Warsaw-Berlin Order of Suvorov, 3rd Class Special Purpose Brigade.

As part of the brigade, special forces were formed: 501st, 503rd, 509th, 510th, 512th.

In 1968, under the leadership of the senior officer of the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff, Colonel Shchelokov, the 9th company of special forces cadets was created in the Lenin Komsomol RVVDKU as part of three platoons, and in 1979 the company was deployed into a special forces battalion (13th and 14th companies) .

Also, the training of personnel for special forces was carried out by the Kiev combined arms command school, which produced officers with the specialty "referent-translator".

In 1978 at the Military Academy. M. V. Frunze was created at the intelligence faculty of the 4th training group of special forces officers. In 1981, the first release of the "special forces" group took place.

In 1969, on the basis of the 16th detachment of Special Forces of the Moscow Military District in the village of Chuchkovo Ryazan region The Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff conducted an operational-strategic experimental exercise, the purpose of which was to work out the issues of the combat use of special forces. To ensure the transfer of personnel and cargo to the rear of the enemy, military transport aviation was involved. Take-off and landing airfield - Dyagilevo. To designate nuclear and other means mass destruction, their protection and defense, as well as to counter the landing, collect and store their parachutes, the personnel of six (2nd, 4th, 5th, 8th, 9th and 10th) special forces brigades were involved.



In 1970, a special purpose training company was deployed in Pechory, which was later reorganized into a training battalion, and then into the 1071st Special Purpose Training Regiment (military unit 51064), which trained junior commanders and specialists for special purpose units. At the 1071st UpSpN, a school of ensigns functioned for special forces.

From the mid-1970s, the General Staff found an opportunity to deploy brigades, increasing the number of personnel in them. As a result of this decision, it was possible to complete the detachments of brigades by 60-80%. From this period, special-purpose brigades became combat-ready and were no longer considered only as a partisan reserve.

On June 12, 1975, the head of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces approved the "Instructions for combat use formations, units and subunits (brigade, detachment, battalion) for special purposes.

In 1972, as part of the Group of Soviet Forces in Mongolia, two brigades were formed, the numbering of which is in the same row as the numbers of special forces brigades, but these brigades were called "separate reconnaissance brigades." The new brigades included three separate reconnaissance battalions each, armed with infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers, and combat support units, which was due to the nature of the terrain in the responsibility zone of the GSM. However, each of these brigades had "jumping" reconnaissance and airborne companies, and each brigade also had its own separate helicopter squadron. Most likely, when creating these brigades, the General Staff tried to find the optimal organization of special forces units that were to operate in the mountainous desert area.

As a result, the 20th and 25th separate reconnaissance brigades were formed. There were no similar formations in the Soviet Army anywhere else. In the mid-80s, these brigades were reorganized into separate mechanized brigades and became part of the newly formed 48th Guards Army Corps, and with the collapse of the USSR, after the withdrawal of troops from Mongolia, they were disbanded.

At the end of the 1970s, the General Staff found an opportunity to transfer special forces brigades from staffed to deployed, as well as to find reserves for the formation of two more brigades. The 22nd Special Purpose Brigade was formed on July 24, 1976 in the Central Asian Military District in the city of Kapchagay on the basis of one of the detachments of the 15th Brigade, a company of the Special Radio Communications Detachment of the 15th Brigade, the 525th and 808th separate special purpose companies Central Asian and Volga military districts. Until 1985, the brigade was in Kapchagai, later changed its location several times and is currently located in the area of ​​​​the city of Aksai Rostov region(military unit 11659).

24th Special Purpose Brigadewas formed in the Trans-Baikal Military District on November 1, 1977 on the basis of the 18th Special Forces and was initially deployed in the area of ​​​​n. the village of Kharabyrka, Chita region (23rd site), then in 1987 it was transferred to the village. Kyakhta, and in 2001 was transferred to Ulan-Ude (military unit 55433), and then to Irkutsk. When the brigade was transferred to Kyakhta, the 282nd ooSpN was transferred to the 14th detachment of the Far Eastern Military District and relocated to the city of Khabarovsk.

Later, in 1984, in the Siberian Military District, on the basis of the 791st OrdnSpN, the 67th Special Forces Brigade was formed, which is deployed in the city of Berdsk Novosibirsk region(military unit 64655).

In 1985, during afghan war, in Chirchik, in place of the 15th brigade that had gone to Afghanistan, the 467th special-purpose training regiment (military unit 71201) was formed, which trained personnel for special-purpose units operating in Afghanistan. The regiment consisted of training battalions and support units. The training regiment had great privileges in the selection of personnel. If during the selection of conscripts for this regiment, the officer encountered any difficulties at the recruiting station, the issues that arose were resolved with one telephone call to the GRU.


According to the state, special forces that are part of the brigades stationed on the territory of the USSR included:

  • three special-purpose companies (42 people each);

In total, the detachment consisted of 164 people.

Special Forces, which are part of the 3rd Guards ObrSpN, had next state:

  • detachment management (6 people);
  • three special-purpose companies (58 people each);
  • company of special radio communications (32 people).

In total, these detachments had 212 personnel each.

A separate army company for special purposes had in different time in the state from 115 to 127 people.


Soviet special forces were involved in combat operations abroad. The first major foreign operation of special forces was carried out in 1968 in Prague (Czechoslovakia, now the Czech Republic). Presumably, units of the 3rd, 8th and 9th special forces brigades took part in the hostilities in Czechoslovakia. Army special forces also participated in combat operations in Angola, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Nicaragua, Cuba and Vietnam, and in Afghanistan. Total, army special forces sent his units to two dozen countries in Asia, Latin America and Africa.






Parts of the special purpose of the Armed Forces of Ukraine:

  • 10 separate special forces detachment (Kyiv)
  • 3rd Separate Special Purpose Regiment (Kirovograd)
  • 8th Separate Special Purpose Regiment (Khmelnitsky)
  • 50th separate training detachment of special training (as a separate battalion) (Kirovograd)
  • 801st separate detachment for combating underwater sabotage, forces and means. (Sevastopol)
  • 73rd Naval Special Operations Center of the Ukrainian Naval Forces (Ochakiv).










Congratulations, colleagues!!!

You probably don't know what it was. But-fact! True, it lasted less than a day.
Because it was the most, that neither is, the most typical "war by mistake"

In short:

1983
year. The "Kabul" special forces company, with the support of two DSBs, was sent
to dismantle a village located in the Zaranj region for building materials.
Information was received that this settlement was used
"spirits" as a base camp, and at the same time the final point on
routes of large caravans from Iran. At such "points" caravans
ceased to exist as a whole and disintegrated into many
small caravans, and to catch 6-7 donkeys on the passes "berets" on
yuh did not rest.

As usual, for information support
operations were answered by KHAD (Afghan bloody gebnya, which, unlike
the Afghan army brought at least some benefit to the Limited
contingent). Its agents were supposed to place a day before the operation
in the mountains triangular panels, the sharp ends of which would point to
village Further, the pilots, using these landmarks, go to the target, "air
cavalry" went and ....

Here at this stage of preliminary
preparations and there were misunderstandings. Whether the KhADovtsy got lost and wandered into
the territory of a neighboring state, or whether the Iranians had a similar
the manner of marking border outposts - most likely, he will not know the truth
no one .... The pilots then swore with one voice that the relief they saw
their terrain one to one corresponded to those demonstrated to them
before the operation, aerial photographs and mock-up.

In short, the valiant Soviet special forces made a surprise attack on the territory of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

village
crumbled in a few minutes and without loss - there are clearly no "guests" here
waited. In the process of collecting trophies, the brave "Soviet Rambo" drew attention
to the fact that some of the dead "spirits" are dressed in some obviously unfamiliar
them a uniform, and even with shoulder straps (the latter in the conditions of a guerrilla war
- is an obvious nonsense). Taking their eyes off the ground, the fighters with surprise
found in the middle of the village a house not marked on their plans in
european style with a tricolor flag on the roof - iranian post
border guard. Interrogation of prisoners finally clarified the situation -
"How in Leningrad?!?".

They "missed" by 15 kilometers,
and at the same time they also committed an act, you understand, aggression. In the asset "Kabulskaya
company", however, could record for itself the fact that irritated by all
according to the rules, the village was still used by the Mujahideen as a transshipment
bases on the same caravan route - but who cares? Because
in the morning the home team paid a return friendly visit to
as part of a motorized infantry battalion with the support of two Phantoms.

Fight
in this situation, the spetsnaz of desire, of course, did not have a company
considered it useful to make a maneuver "accelerated withdrawal from the occupied
position", in simpler terms - try to VERY quickly move away
international incident. Because the spetsnaz arsenal is calculated
a lot for something - but not for conducting full-fledged hostilities
against superior enemy forces, which also has aviation.

Necessary
to say that in this operation the "Kabul company" practically had no
losses. But pizdyuly their "at home" were waiting for the grandest. Iran demanded
apologies, bloodshed and the convening of an extraordinary UN assembly. Moscow "did
face" and apologized.

But these guys walked around Kabul as heroes. "If not for the order, they would have reached Tehran," yeah.

However, this is already from the field of "hunting tales" and "war songs".

A
on the account of the "Kabul company" in addition to the "Soviet-Iranian war" was
many really successful and beautiful operations and 8 years "across the river"
- more than all parts of the special forces of the Limited Contingent of the Soviet
troops in Afghanistan.

Dear colleagues, do you know anything about the differences of the Special Purpose Regiment that has guarded the Kremlin since 1936? IN official history it is indicated that the uniform of the internal guard was worn. However, a number of photographs show officers in caps with light bands and dark crowns (circa 1940-1941), and in the photo of the issuance of shoulder straps in 1943, the cipher "ORSN" is visible (it is not yet clear to me what it could mean - Separate Special Purpose Company ?), later the encryption "PSN" is visible.

Yes, everything is known "on the differences of the Special Purpose Regiment, which has guarded the Kremlin since 1936".

ORSN, as you guessed correctly, is a separate special-purpose company, which until August 1942 was called the military fire brigade. ORSN was not part of the PSN, but was part of the Kremlin garrison. The garrison also included a separate motor transport battalion, the military personnel of which wore the OAB cipher on shoulder straps, and a military construction battalion, the military personnel of which wore the ASB cipher. In addition, the Kremlin garrison included a separate officer battalion, nee Separate Battalion of the NKVD GUGB.

All of the above military personnel, except for the GUGB battalion, wore the uniform of the internal troops, of which they were:

36. The special purpose regiment is equipped with:
a) command and command staff - by special selection from the border and internal troops of the NKVD
b) rank and file - from the next draft contingents, subject to the obligatory condition of checking and studying the assigned composition during the year.
Coverage of shortages in the period between calls is made by special selection from units of the border and internal troops.

37. Service life in a special purpose regiment is set at 3 years.

38. When calculating the length of service for retirement to the commanding and commanding staff of the Kremlin garrison units, a year of service in the garrison is taken as 1.5 years.

39. The military fire brigade is equipped with:
a) rank and file - according to a special selection from among the Red Army and junior command personnel and extra-long-term employees of the border and internal troops of the NKVD who have undergone special training;
b) commanding and commanding staff - by special selection from among the commanding and commanding staff of the border and internal troops of the NKVD, who have undergone special training;
c) specialists - by special selection from among those who graduated from the school of the paramilitary fire brigade of the NKVD

40. Separate battalion of the Main Directorate state security The purpose of the NKVD of the USSR is to serve in especially responsible positions.

41. The battalion is equipped with:
a) from among the Red Army soldiers and junior command and command staff of the special purpose regiment, subject to dismissal on long-term leave;
b) from among the junior and middle command and command staff of the border and internal troops of the NKVD.
c) from among the commanding staff of the GUGB.
Acquisition is made by special selection on a voluntary basis.

42. All selected Red Army and junior command personnel undergo preliminary training at the GUGB schools.
The personnel of the battalion are assigned special ranks of the commanding staff of the GUGB.

43. The personnel of the battalion serve on common grounds with all commanding personnel of the GUGB.

44. The service units of the battalion are completed and serve on a common basis with the personnel of the special purpose regiment.

URSN
Training company of special purpose VV MIA of the USSR
The first special unit of the VV MVD; tasks - the release of hostages, the release of an aircraft, the detention or liquidation of armed especially dangerous criminals
A country: USSR
Created: 29.12 .
Jurisdiction: BB
Headquarters: Moscow, USSR
Management
Supervisor: Captain V. Maltsev

URSN (Special Forces Training Company listen)) - the first special forces unit in the internal troops of the Soviet Union.

According to the staff of the URSN, it was the 9th company of the 3rd motorized rifle battalion of the 2nd motorized rifle regiment of the Separate Motorized Rifle Division of the Special Purpose of the VV of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR named after. F. E. Dzerzhinsky (OMSDON).

In the 70s and 80s, in the troops of the Moscow garrison and among the employees of the Moscow Central Internal Affairs Directorate, it was better known as the "Ninth Company" - the special forces of the internal troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Story

The question of creating special forces units first arose in preparation for the 1980 Olympics, which was to be held in Moscow. Everyone remembered the failure of the police operation to free the hostages in Munich, when the entire Israeli team, taken hostage by terrorists, died.

In the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs at that time there was no full-time unit capable of solving the tasks of releasing hostages, detaining or eliminating highly trained armed groups. True, in 1973 SOVO (combined operational military detachment) was formed to solve special problems. He took part in the operation to free hostages held by terrorists in a hijacked plane at Bykovo Airport. However, this formation was created temporarily, urgently, for a specific task. Soldiers of various units, as well as employees of various services, gathered in the detachment for the duration of the task. Accordingly, coherence, interaction and professionalism in such a unit were lame.

Considering all of the above, on December 29, 1977, a special-purpose training company (URSN) was created. The first company commander was Captain V. A. Maltsev (in 2002, Major General, Deputy Head of the Operations Directorate of the Main Command of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia), and one of the platoon commanders, Lieutenant Sergey Lysyuk, the future commander of the Vityaz, Hero of Russia. The choice for the 9th company was not accidental. In terms of the level of general physical training of the fighters, it certainly surpassed the rest of the units not only of the 2nd regiment, but of the entire division. The company was a sports unit that served as a base, a reserve for the Dynamo society, was staffed exclusively by conscripts who, at the time of the call, had a sports category of at least a candidate for master of sports in athletics, gymnastics, boxing, wrestling (sambo, judo), bullet shooting and other sports disciplines.

There were three platoons in the company, twenty people each: the 1st - construction, the 2nd - to prepare for action in the gym and for a demonstration show to the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Boxers, wrestlers, acrobats, gymnasts, etc. were selected for the platoon. The 3rd platoon was also athletic, but focused on handling weapons. He prepared like a fireman. The armament was regular. But in the 3rd platoon, there were additionally two AKM assault rifles with PBS.

It was in this unit that, for the first time in the Soviet Union, the maroon beret was adopted as a uniform headdress. By the spring of 1978, by order of the deputy commander of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Lieutenant General Sidorov, 50 berets were brought from Gorky. 25 green and 25 maroon. The form was normal. Only the 2nd platoon was dressed in a uniform for areas with a hot climate. It differed from the usual one in that straight-cut trousers with ankle fasteners and boots are worn. This form was considered the highest chic. Later, the right to wear the specified headgear was granted only to fighters who had reached certain level combat and physical training. To this end, the applicant had to pass the Trials. URSN is the first special forces unit in the internal troops of the Soviet Union. It was in this company that the traditions of the special forces of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs were born. It was this company that served as the foundation for the creation in the future of all parts of the special forces of the USSR MV and, subsequently, the Russian MV. It was on the basis of the UBSN, after the company was reformed into a battalion, that the first Vityaz unit was formed. In fact, URSN is the founder of the special forces of the explosives.

At the first stage, a program was created, which provided for actions for various emergency situations on Olympic Games, namely when taking hostages in ground transport, in an airplane. The materials of the program were based on the experience and developments of the special forces of the KGB, the Airborne Troops, and foreign anti-terrorist units.

Intensive classes made it possible to prepare the company for the Olympics to perform the assigned tasks with high quality. The company at that time often trained together with the USSR KGB Group "A" (Alpha) being created at that time. URSN fighters surpassed Alpha in terms of physical training, but the "Alfovtsy" were better in terms of fire. It should be recalled here that officers served in Alpha, and conscripts served in URSN.

URSN, or, as it was also called, the 9th company, was a legend not only of the Dzerzhinsky Division, but also of the internal troops as a whole.

Participation in military operations

  • The operation to free the hostages held by armed criminals in a school near Izhevsk in the summer of 1981. None of the hostages were hurt.
  • suppression riots on the basis of the Ossetian-Ingush conflict in Ordzhonikidze on October 21, 1981, the detention of the instigators.
  • Protection of investigators of the Prosecutor General's Office who were involved in the "Uzbek case" in 1984.
  • On September 20, 1986, together with Group A of the KGB of the USSR, participation in the operation to apprehend armed criminals who killed several policemen and free the plane they seized in Ufa.
  • February 1988 - the suppression of Armenian pogroms in the city of Sumgayit of the Azerbaijan SSR, the detention of the organizers of the riots, active participants.
  • July 4. Operation to unblock the runway and air traffic control tower of Zvartnots airport in Yerevan, seized by extremists in order to prevent the arrival of military transport aircraft with OMSDON units. The airport was unblocked without bloodshed, which allowed the planes to land safely and turn around in time for the arriving units.
  • September 1988 - protection of the building of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Armenia, senior officials of the ministry.
  • The second half of 1988 - special measures to suppress the activities of illegal gangs in the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region and the city of Baku.
  • In 1989, a conflict broke out in the Ferghana Valley between Uzbek extremists and Meskhetian Turks. As a result of the skillful actions of the soldiers and officers of the company, the lives of hundreds of people of different nationalities were saved, many crimes were prevented, a large number of weapons were seized, the instigators of the riots were arrested, and gangs preparing terrorist attacks against civilians were liquidated.
  • In 1990, in the temporary detention center of Sukhumi, a group of prisoners sentenced to death took the employees of the temporary detention center hostage, after which they opened the cells with the arrested, took possession of the weapons stored in the detention center, which had previously been confiscated from the population, and demanded transport. The operation to free the hostages was carried out jointly by employees of the special unit of the KGB of the USSR "Alpha" and URSN fighters. As a result of the operation, the organizers of the riot were destroyed, none of the hostages were injured. One Alpha employee and one URSN fighter were wounded.

The Fergana events prompted the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs to increase the organizational and staffing structure of the special forces unit of the VV. In 1989, the URSN was reorganized into a battalion (UBSN), on the basis of which the formation began on May 5, 1991 special unit"Knight". Later, other special forces units were created in the internal troops, but the day the URSN was created can rightfully be considered the birthday of the entire military special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Notes

Sources

  • On June 19, solemn events dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the formation of a separate operational division of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia will be held.

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