Short-term project "Mushrooms, berries" for older preschoolers. Project "Such different mushrooms Project about poisonous mushrooms in the dow
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Project type: for preschoolers
Age: Senior preschool age(5-7 years old)
Sections: Safety, Health, Communication, Cognition, Socialization
Teacher: Odintsova Natalia Nikolaevna - teacher
Added: Sunday, 11.08.2013
The project is designed for children of senior preschool age.
Page #1. Title page.
Page #2. Acquaintance with the mushroom picker, who invites us to the forest for mushrooms. (By pulling on the image of the mushroom, you can pull out the explanations for the pages).
Tasks. To generalize ideas about the forest as a natural area, to clarify that this is a place of natural growth of mushrooms. To form ideas about the rules of safety in the forest. Cultivate love for nature.
Actions. Introduce children to the mushroom picker, look at the picture of the forest, discuss it, activating the children's own memories. Pull down on the squirrel in the upper left corner. In turn, pull out the symbols of the dangers lurking in the forest (a) by the exclamation mark. From behind the Christmas tree in the lower right corner, pull out pictures - symbols of protection methods (b). Close with pictures (b) suitable pictures (a), formulate the rules of safe behavior in the forest.
Page #3. Dress Masha in the forest.
Tasks. To consolidate ideas about the rules of safety in the forest, suitable clothing for hiking in the forest. Develop proof speech. Cultivate a desire to help.
Actions and tasks. To tell on behalf of Gribnichka that he invited his girlfriend Masha to the forest for mushrooms. She chose her most beautiful outfit for this trip. Ask the guys to explain to the girl why this outfit does not fit and help her choose the right clothes. The clothing items are hidden behind a closet picture.
Page #4. Funny steam train.
Tasks. To consolidate ideas about the rules of safety in the forest, suitable clothing for hiking in the forest. Develop proof speech.
Actions and tasks. A cheerful little train goes to the forest and will take only those people who are properly dressed for a hike in the forest. We ask the children to choose these people, put them in the train cars and explain their choice.
Page number 5. Choose the right one.
Tasks. To consolidate ideas about safety rules in the forest, items needed by the mushroom picker in the forest.
Actions and tasks. The mushroom picker invites children to choose and place in a circle those items that they need to take with them to the forest for mushroom picking. We ask the children to motivate their choice with phrases like "I chose a knife because the mushroom picker needs it to cut mushrooms." If the child tries to drag the wrong item, the red cross area is activated.
Page #6. Encyclopedia of the young mushroom picker.
Tasks. Form elementary ecological views. Introduce children to the main types of edible and poisonous mushrooms. Learn to recognize them outward signs. To give ideas that unfamiliar mushrooms should not be plucked, because they may be poisonous.
Actions and tasks. The mushroom picker tells the children about the variety of mushrooms in the world. Explains that you can collect only those mushrooms that you know for sure that they are edible. Offers to read a book that will tell about some mushrooms.
Each image of the book spread has a hyperlink to a page that tells about the type of mushroom that is placed on this spread. The page contains a picture and photographs of mushrooms, brief information about this species external features, characteristic place and time of growth. Also on the page is a Mushroom Fairy that will tell children poems about mushrooms if you click on it. To return to the page with the book, you must click on the image of the mushroom.
Behind the spread of the book, on which a red exclamation mark is drawn, there is a hyperlink to pages telling about poisonous mushrooms. Clicking on the old forest man returns from these pages back to the book.
Page number 7. The old woodsman.
Tasks.
Actions and tasks. Watching with children beautiful picture forests. We say on behalf of the Gribnichka that although we are well prepared for a trip for mushrooms, the Old Man-forester does not want to let us into his beloved forest until we prove that we can protect nature.
Page #8. Tasks of the Old Man-forester.
Tasks. Form elementary ecological ideas. Cultivate love and respect for the native nature.
Actions and tasks. The old man-forester prepared a test for us. We must look at the guys who were visiting him in the forest and say whether they did the right thing or not. When you click on the green bubble, the picture opens. Children examine, explain what the mistake is and cross out the picture with a red cross, which they take from the hands of the Old Man-forester (the cross is cloned).
Page #9. Forest clearing.
Tasks.
Actions and tasks. Invite the children to collect only edible mushrooms in the basket. When you click on no edible mushroom the wrong answer area is activated.
Page #10. Naughty mushrooms.
Tasks. To consolidate knowledge of the main types of edible mushrooms. To form the ability to recognize them by external signs. To form the ability to form new word forms from the names of mushrooms (plural).
Actions and tasks. Read the poem to the children from the clue frame. Offer to listen to which fungus ran away from the bump (an audio file is assigned to each bump), find such a mushroom among those fleeing and put it on the bump. To check, click on the green star, where the correct fungus is hidden. Ask how many and what kind of mushrooms grows on a hummock.
If this option is difficult for children, you can first open the star, then find the same mushroom and plant it on this bump, then try to guess what these mushrooms are called and check your guess by clicking on the bump and listening to the audio file.
Page #11. who eat mushrooms.
Tasks. To form general ideas about the diet of familiar animals. Develop proof speech.
Actions and tasks. Invite the children to plant only those animals that feed on mushrooms in the mushroom clearing. Ask to comment on their actions with phrases like "I will put the squirrel in a mushroom clearing, because she eats mushrooms."
Those animals whose diet does not include mushrooms will hide behind the picture of the forest.
Page #12. Cooks.
Tasks. To consolidate ideas about the methods of processing, cooking and harvesting mushrooms. Develop the ability to form new word forms. Develop monologue speech.
Actions and tasks. Invite the children, based on open pictures, to say what can be done with mushrooms. Then say what the mushrooms will become after processing: “If the mushrooms are fried, they will become fried.” If the answer is correct, open the curtain.
Behind the pictures of chefs are also hidden words with which you can do the same work, but without relying on clarity.
Page #13. Intermediate splash.
Page #14. Dunno.
Tasks. To consolidate knowledge of the main types of edible and poisonous mushrooms. To form the ability to distinguish them by external signs.
consolidate knowledge natural areas land, places of natural growth of mushrooms. Develop monologue speech.
Actions and tasks. Invite children to correct Dunno's mistakes. To open the task, you need to pull the yellow arrows in the indicated directions. When completing the task, encourage children to say phrases like "I will transplant mushrooms from the ocean into a deciduous forest, because mushrooms do not grow in the ocean."
Page #15. Labyrinth.
Tasks. To consolidate knowledge of the main types of edible mushrooms. Develop attention, fine motor skills.
Actions and tasks. Invite the children to find out who found which mushroom. To do this, you need to go along the track (pen or marker). Then drag desired mushroom in a suitable basket and say who found which mushroom.
Page #16. Learn and count.
Tasks. Build knowledge of basic mushroom species. Strengthen the counting skill within 9. Develop the ability to correlate the amount with the number. Develop vocabulary skills.
Actions and tasks. Invite the children to count the mushrooms, put the desired number and say how many and which mushrooms are in the picture.
Page #17. Magic meadow.
Tasks. To consolidate knowledge of the parts of the mushroom. To consolidate the ability to compare objects on two grounds (color, size). Develop monologue speech.
Actions and tasks. Invite the children to name what parts the mushroom consists of. Check by clicking on the appropriate parts of the large russula. Ask on behalf of Mushroom to clean up the magic clearing, where the harmful toadstool broke all the fabulous mushrooms. Encourage children to say phrases like "I will attach a big red hat to the big red leg, and it will turn out to be a big red mushroom."
Pages 19-32. These pages are the material for page No. 6 of the Encyclopedia of the Young Mushroom Picker.
Relevance: Children are not sufficiently aware of the variety of trees, mushrooms that grow in our forests. The fact that mushrooms, like plants and animals, form an independent kingdom of wildlife. Mushrooms reproduce by spores, not seeds, like plants and do not bloom. Trees (forest) purify and moisten the air, create coolness. Sawn wood is a building material: boards, plywood, furniture, toys, paper are made from dried trunks. Trees grow slowly, so they need to be protected. We need to protect the trees, take care of them. Relevance: Children are not sufficiently aware of the variety of trees, mushrooms that grow in our forests. The fact that mushrooms, like plants and animals, form an independent kingdom of wildlife. Mushrooms reproduce by spores, not seeds, like plants and do not bloom. Trees (forest) purify and moisten the air, create coolness. Sawn wood is a building material: boards, plywood, furniture, toys, paper are made from dried trunks. Trees grow slowly, so they need to be protected. We need to protect the trees, take care of them.
Project objectives: Educational: - to deepen and expand knowledge on the topic; - name the main (in the area), trees, mushrooms; - formulate and use nouns in genitive case plural; - to formulate the rules of behavior in the forest.
Developing: - analyze and apply the acquired knowledge in practice in solving the tasks; - use sensory information received earlier, activate memory, thinking operations (comparison, classification, analysis, synthesis), include recreating and creative imagination- summarize the main features of mushrooms, trees, compare their features, highlight the main parts; - act together with peers, show communication skills, distinguish between edible and non-edible mushrooms, name them, talk about their distinguishing features; - use an active vocabulary (names, signs, actions) accumulated during the study of the topic.
Stage 1: preparatory Preliminary work of the teacher Production of: - albums on lexical topics: "Trees", "Mushrooms"; - demo material: "Autumn", "Trees", "Edible and poisonous mushrooms»; - creation of a card file: poems, proverbs, finger games, games for general motor skills, physical education minutes, riddles on the topic: "Forest", "Mushrooms"; - compiling crosswords about trees, mushrooms. - production of files didactic games"Forest" - Procurement of material for observations, and making crafts: (moss, mushrooms, spruce and pine branches, berries, spruce and pine cones, birch mushroom). - Making a herbarium. Reading works of art. - Reading the author's fairy tales by V. Suteev "Under the mushroom", V. Kataev "The pipe and the jug", Russian folk tale"About the goat." - Watching the cartoon: "Under the fungus" - Listening to music: "Voices autumn forest» Musical activity - Round dance "For mushrooms in forest let's go"(the melody of the round dance "Let's go through the raspberries into the garden" is used). Work with parents: - Consultation for parents and teachers: "Healing effects of forest sounds"; - informational consultation "Poisonous and edible mushrooms" was prepared - participation of parents in the collection natural material. - an exhibition of handicrafts from natural materials of parents with children.
3rd stage: final Exhibition of crafts made from natural materials Conversations: Take care of forests, protect from fires, from evil people! Rules of conduct in the forest! Save forests for animals, because they cannot live without forests. Surround the forests with care, birds will nest there. Mushroom Kingdom. Who benefits, who harms, from poisonous mushrooms. This is our native land, this is our native land. Save the forests! Save! We won't stop talking.
Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution
"Kindergarten of a combined type in the village of Velikomikhaylovka, Novooskolsky district, Belgorod region"
Project middle group: cognitive-playing
Project duration: one week
Project theme: mushrooms
Project Manager:
Svetlichnaya Elena Alekseevna
MBDOU "Kindergarten of a combined type
Velikomikhailovka village
educator
2013
Project participants: children of the middle group "Solnyshko", educator: Svetlichnaya. E. A., parents.
- Introduction
Project relevance:
In September, mushroom season has come in our forests. Many children together with their parents went to the forest for mushrooms. And in the group they constantly asked questions about the appearance of mushrooms, their names, structure, constantly made sketches, talked about mushrooms. In my opinion, it became necessary to give children a deeper and broader knowledge of mushrooms. It was decided to purposefully deal with this topic.
The main goal of the projectwas the deepening of natural science ideas and knowledge of children about mushrooms, the formation of cognitive skills.
Project objectives:
Child development goals:
- To form children's ideas about mushrooms, about their structure, functions and purpose of parts, about their place in the forest community;
- Develop logical thinking (composing riddles, inventing fairy tales about mushrooms)
Tasks of pedagogical activity:
- Introduce a variety of mushrooms;
- To introduce the properties of edible and inedible mushrooms;
- Develop the ability to obtain information from various sources.
Expected Result:
- Obtaining information from various sources;
- Products of children's activities: composing riddles, making crafts from natural materials;
- Drawing up a scheme for harvesting mushrooms.
- Main part
- Preparation for the project.
1. Select methodological literature on the topic.
2. Pick up fiction on the topic.
3. Pick up didactic material, visual aids(albums for viewing, paintings, board games)
4. Make a long-term plan.
2.2 Implementation of the project.
Socialization. | Didactic games: "Mushrooms have grown" "What's extra?" "Identify by touch" "Wonderful bag" "Circle the fungus" Ball game "Name the mushrooms, berries, fruits" "One, two, three russula (fly agaric,) collect" "Guess the description" "The animals harvested" Board games: "Cut Pictures" "Domino" "Lotto" |
Cognition. | Conversation "Features appearance mushrooms" Natural world - "Mushrooms - a special kingdom of nature |
Communication. The development of speech. | Looking at photographs of mushrooms. Looking at scene pictures Riddles about mushrooms Drafting descriptive stories by pictures. Memorizing poems about mushrooms. Finger game: "Send your fingers to the mushrooms" |
Reading fiction. | A. Tolstoy "Mushrooms" V. Kataev "Mushrooms" V. Zotov "Amanita" Rhyme "Mushroom-Fungus" The poem "Mushrooms" by N. Fadeev V. Zotov "Boletus" N. Aliyeva "Mushroom Magician" |
Safety. | Conversation on the topic: "How not to get lost in the forest" "Where Mushrooms and Berries Grow" "Those insidious twins" |
Development environment. | Narrative paintings on the theme "Mushrooms". Albums for viewing: "Mushrooms", Coloring books: About Mushrooms and Berries, In the Forest |
Artistic creativity. | Modeling work: "Mushrooms" Application work: " Let's help the squirrel prepare mushrooms for the winter". |
Working with parents. | Making a sliding folder on the topic: "What a child should know about mushrooms and berries" Conversation: "A family trip to the forest for mushrooms" |
Riddles about mushrooms. Making the game "Edible fungus put in box". Sayings and signs. Search for information in encyclopedias. Arithmetic problems. Making crafts from natural materials. |
|
Independent activity. | Coloring page "Under the mushroom". Making attributes for the holiday. Schemes of blanks from mushrooms. |
- Result:
During the project, the children showed an active cognitive interest, learned a lot about mushrooms, getting information from relatives, and in books, and on a walk. A striking example: on a walk, the girls noticed in the area 2 junior group near the bushes a family of mushrooms. They noted that they were not toadstools. Showed to all the kids. They asked the teacher what kind of mushroom it was. Having found out that this is a pig, they eat it fried with sour cream, the girls were very interested. The group found this mushroom in the encyclopedia and sketched it.
To the manufacture of crafts " mushroom forest» The parents of our children were also involved in the search for natural materials.
Preview:
MADOU Kindergarten "Snezhinka" v. Vydrino
Project in senior group"Such different mushrooms"
Prepared and conducted
Educator O.V. Kobzar
2017
The project "Such different mushrooms" in the older group of different ages
Project characteristics:
Project type : cognitive-playing, creative.
Type of project: family, group.
Duration project : month.
Working mode : during and outside of class.
Location: MADOU p. Vydrino Kindergarten"Snowflake" .
Age of children: 5-7 years.
Subject of the project: mushrooms.
Project relevance:
In autumn, nature gives us a lot of beautiful, tasty, healthy things. How many tasty fruits and vegetables ripen in gardens, how many bright flowers bloom in gardens. There are other gifts that nature gives without requiring any effort from a person. These are berries and mushrooms , and medicinal herbs. Every person should love and protect nature. And you need to instill love for her with early childhood. Here in kindergarten we constantly address this problem, considering it with children from all possible sides. In order for a child to have a desire to preserve and protect nature, he must learn to see its beauty and understand its value to humans. That is why the children and parents and I decided to implement project " Such different mushrooms» .
Problem :
Children do not have sufficient knowledge about mushrooms growing in the forests of Buryatia.
The main goal of the project was the deepening of the natural science ideas and knowledge of children about mushrooms , the formation of cognitive skills.
In order to find out what specifically interests children, I used the method of three questions.
After analyzing the children's questions, I formulated the tasks of working on project and made forward planning.
Project objectives:
Child Development Tasks nka:
Form children's ideas about mushrooms, about their structure.
Strengthen the ability to recognize edible and inedible mushrooms .
Develop logical thinking(composing riddles, inventing fairy tales about mushrooms).
Tasks of pedagogical activities :
Introduce variety of mushrooms.
To introduce the properties of edible and inedible mushrooms.
Familiarize yourself with the scheme of assistance in case of poisoning.
Develop the ability to receive information fromdifferent sources.
Expected Result:
Obtaining information from various sources.
Products of children's activity: riddles, crafts.
Drawing up a first aid scheme for poisoning mushrooms.
Preparing to dramatize a fairy tale"Under the fungus".
Stage 1.
Project topic message children and parents in order to involve them in joint activities. Acquaintance with the work plan, distribution of responsibilities, taking into account the wishes and capabilities of the parents.
Stage 2.
Formulation of the problem:
Autumn has come to us!
How many bright colors she brought to people!
Brought gifts
Berries, mushrooms.
There are many delicious things in the garden, look!
There are already ripe cucumbers and tomatoes hanging.
Every gardener is happy with the harvest!
The author of the poem tells us about the wonderful time of the year. Only in autumn nature gives us so many gifts at once! Something a person grows himself in the garden and in the garden. Nature itself gives us both berries and mushrooms , and medicinal herbs. Today we are going to talk to you about mushrooms . In our boar region grows a lot different mushrooms . Let's see the cards mushrooms growing with us.
Stage 3. Implementation activities project.
NOD Joint activity Independent activity
1) Modeling "Mushroom clearing".
2) Application "Cep" .
3) Familiarization with fiction- reading a fairy tale in arr. V. Dahl"War mushrooms with berries» , story
Ya Taytsa " For mushrooms".
4) Natural world -"Forest gifts of autumn", "Edible - inedible".
5) Musical development - learning a song about mushrooms.
6) Physical development- learning mobile thematic games.
Reading and memorizing riddles about mushrooms.
Poems about mushrooms.
Search for information in encyclopedias.
Making crafts. First aid scheme for poisoning mushrooms . Making a baby book"Fungus".
Role-playing games"In the forest", "Mushroom shop".
word games "Say a word", "Fix the mistake", "Continue the story", "Edible, inedible".
Conversations: “Who benefits from mushrooms”, "Rules of conduct in the forest", "What are the mushrooms".
Coloring pages "Different mushrooms".
Game "Edible put the mushroom in the box» .
mushroom drawing . Making a layout"Autumn forest" .
Board game"Mushrooms, berries".
Stage 4. Product project activities.
Project in progress children showed active cognitive interest, learned a lot of new things about mushrooms , receiving information from relatives, and in books, and on a walk.
1. Exhibition of crafts" Mushroom clearing " .
2. Exhibition applique"Porcini " .
3. To the manufacture of a book - babies"Fungus" in the search for material, the parents of our children were also involved.
4. Dramatization of a fairy tale"Under the fungus".
GCD in the senior group "Mushrooms"
Target :
Introduce children to mushrooms;
To consolidate the idea of \u200b\u200bthe forest and the plants growing in the forest;
Teach children to distinguish between edible and poisonous mushrooms ;
To educate in children a careful, non-consumer attitude towards nature;
Familiarize yourself with the rules of behavior in nature when collecting mushrooms.
Tasks :
Consolidate knowledge about poisonous mushrooms.
Develop attention, memory, cognitive interests.
Strengthen the ability to distinguish mushrooms according to the pictures and the signs that are given in the riddles and explanations of the educator.
Equipment :
Pictures and photos mushrooms , silhouette images mushrooms edible and poisonous.
Stroke : GCD
1. Riddle:
Who sits on a strong leg
In brown leaves by the path
Got a hat made of grass -
Is there a head under the hat?(mushroom )
D: It's a mushroom.
V: That's right, well done!
B.: Mushrooms - These are unusual plants, they have no branches, no leaves, no flowers.(A picture is posted on the board - a diagram mushroom) . What do mushrooms have? (Children answer that there is a leg and a hat.)That's right, leg, hat, roots - mycelium. Mushrooms reproduce by spores. Spores are small particles that hide in hats. mushrooms. When the mushrooms are ripe , spores fall to the ground. Small ones grow from spores mushrooms . Through the roots mushrooms get water and nutrients from the earth. People who go to the forest mushrooms are called mushroom pickers. Real mushroom pickers protect the forest and never pullmushrooms from the ground with rootsso it can damage mycelium , then small ones will not grow in this place mushrooms. Mushroom must be carefully cut with a knife.
2. Conversation: "Mushroom and his house".
(Educator, talking about mushroom , exposes a picture with his image.)
V: Everyone mushroom has its own homewhere it grows. White mushroom - boletus grows in pine and spruce forest. His hat is fleshy, elastic, light gray or brown. The leg is thick - white. White dried mushrooms and then make soup out of them. Butterflies grow in the pine forest. Why do you think thesemushrooms are called? (Children's answers.) Yes, their hat is slippery, as if greased with oil. Which one thenmushroom we found under the aspen?
D .: Under the aspen, they found a boletus.
V .: Right, but under a birch?
D .: We found a boletus under a birch.
V: Well done! The boletus and boletus have a long stem and a brown or reddish cap.(as fallen autumn leaves, in which mushrooms are hiding . But in the thick grass, chanterelles grew - red, like a forest animal - a fox. Hey, what is this miracle stump? All strewn mushrooms . These are mushrooms - friendly guys, they grow big families on stumps. We talked about edible mushrooms . They can be boiled, fried, marinated, dried. But in the clearing we saw a beautiful mushroom : a thin white leg with a skirt, a red hat with white spots. Guess what it is mushroom ?
D: It's a fly agaric!
W.: Yes. When fly agaric grow old , the edges of his hat will bend up and he will turn into a saucer. It will rain, there will be water in the saucer. Not simple - poisonous. A fly will drink this water and die. Therefore, they call him Amanita. What else is poisonous? mushroom you guys know? (Children's answers.) That's right, pale toadstool. This mushroom long thin stem and pale gray cap. She has an unpleasant smell.
Now you know whatmushrooms - edibleand which ones are poisonous.
3. Physical education and gymnastics for the eyes"Rain".
V .: Get up, guys, come up to me, hold hands and let's go in a chain along a winding path into the forest.
Remind me how to behave in the forest?
D.: (Supposed answers : you can’t make noise in the forest, break tree branches, carefully look under your feet so as not to step on mushroom , do not damage the anthill.)
(Children follow the teacher as a snake from the chairs to the carpet.
Gymnastics "Rain"
The first drop fell - drop!
And the second one ran!
(The trajectory is shown from above with a finger
drop movements and trace the gaze)
We looked at the sky:
(Look up)
Droplets "drip-drip" sang.
Wet faces, we wiped them.
(wipe face with hands)
Shoes - look - they became wet.
(Point hands down and look at feet)
We will move our shoulders together,
Shake off the droplets.
(Move shoulders from side to side, hands on the belt)
We'll run away from the rain
(They run around each other in a circle)
Let's sit under a bush.
(squat)
4. Didactic game“What do we take in a basket?”
The teacher calls mushrooms that were mentioned during the GCD. If edible, children clap (put in a basket, if poisonous, do not clap.
5. Mushroom picking is called "silent hunting" . Why do you think?(children's answers) . We are not masters in the forest, but guests. And if you already came to visit - respect the hosts forests : plant and animal forest people. How to behave in the forest?(children's answers) . Don't make noise, don't litter, don't trample, don't tear mushrooms with roots . On ordinary hunting they go with guns, and onmushroom hunting - with knives. Why, you know? (Children's answers). Mushrooms must not be picked, but cut. And for what?(children's answers) . In order not to vomitmycelium - mushroom roots. Without myceliums do not happen to new mushrooms.
6. Finger gymnastics" Mushrooms "
One two three four five!"Step" fingers on the table.
We're going to look for mushrooms.
This finger went to the forest, They bend one finger at a time,
This finger mushroom found starting with the little finger.
This finger began to clean,
This finger began to fry,
This finger only ate
That's why he got fat.
7. Rules for picking mushrooms:
1. Mushrooms can be collected only with adults who know the forest well;
2. Do not pluck, do not trample poisonous mushrooms - they are needed by many inhabitants of the forest;
3. Do not dig with a stickmushroom - it can dry out, not covered with foliage;
4. Do not collect mushrooms on the road;
5. Collect only known mushrooms ;
6. Don't pick old and very small mushrooms.
7. Cut mushrooms carefully with a knife, and do not pluck them - you can damage mycelium.
8. The game "What's gone?"
V .: - I put 4 on the table mushroom . Look at them and remember. Now you close your eyes, I will remove one, and you will say what is gone.
9. Riddles about mushrooms:
Maybe you won't believe me
But I saw mushrooms on a pine tree.
Is mushrooms grow on trees?
Something very strange here...
Oiled on branches, honey mushrooms ...
Who dries them for the winter, guys?(Squirrel)
Worth a tortilla
On one leg.
Who will not pass
Everyone bows down.(Mushroom )
He was hidden deep
One, two, three, and out
And he is in plain sight.
White, I'll find you.(Borovik)
I do not argue - not white,
I, brothers, are simpler.
I usually grow
In a birch grove.(Boletus)
Who has one leg
And the one without a shoe?(At the mushroom)
I grow up in a red cap
Among aspen roots.
You will see me a mile away -
Am I called? (Boletus)
drilled the earth,
Left the box
Himself came into the world
Covered with a hat.(Mushroom )
There are no mushrooms friendlier than these, -
Adults and children know
They grow on stumps in the forest,
Like freckles on your nose.(Honey mushrooms)
He stood in the forest
Nobody took him
In a fashionable red hat
Good for nowhere.(Amanita)
9. Game What mushrooms "
Target : learn to form verbal adjectives.
If mushrooms are boiled then they will. boiled;
What if you fry the mushrooms? then they will. fried;
If salted, they will. salty;
If marinated, they will. pickled;
If dried, dried.
10. Physical education"For mushrooms "
All the little animals on the edge Walk in a circle, holding hands.
They are looking for milk mushrooms and waves.
The squirrels jumped, they squatted,
Ryzhik plucked. Rip off" mushrooms " .
Chanterelle ran, Run, collect" mushrooms " .
Collected chanterelles.
Bunnies were jumping, jumping, tearing" mushrooms "
They were looking for bugs.
The bear passed, They waddled,
Fly agaric crushed. They stomp with their right foot.
Outcome:
V .: - You are all great fellows, you coped with all the tasks!
Did you enjoy the trip?
What do you tell your parents about him, what did you learn about, what did you do? Children's answers
Abstract of the lesson in the senior group
Project
"Mushroom Kingdom"
completed by the students
5E class
2014-2015 academic year
Goals:
familiarity with various types of edible and poisonous mushrooms;
development logical thinking, speech, memory;
education of love and respect for nature;
develop students' horizons.
Tasks:
introduce hallmarks edible mushrooms and mushrooms
twins;
show the danger to human life posed by poisonous
mushrooms;
together with the guys to deduce the rules for picking mushrooms;
contribute to the expansion of the horizons of children and the development of skills
establish causal relationships; ability to work with
promote respect for nature.
After completing the project, students will be able to:
Know the secrets of poisonous mushrooms;
Features of the structure of fungi;
Edible and inedible mushrooms;
Collection and storage rules;
First aid for mushroom poisoning;
To be able to highlight the signs of fungi, to distinguish them from other kingdoms of wildlife;
Learn to distinguish edible mushrooms from non-edible mushrooms.
Hypothesis:
Are all mushrooms
useful to humans?
Content:
Introduction
Montage about mushrooms
The structure of the fungus
edible mushrooms
Ditties about mushrooms
Poisonous (inedible) mushrooms
Scene "Presidential elections"
Mushrooms in our area
Mushrooms in traditional medicine
Mushroom picking rules
folk wisdom
Mushroom dishes
Games
Conclusion. Conclusion.
Introduction
White, boletus, mushrooms ... This list can be continued for a long time,
but try to answer the question: how many types of mushrooms are there?
Turns out there are about 100,000 various kinds, but many of
they cannot be seen with the naked eye. Mushrooms are amazing
creatures, because they can not be called either plants or animals. They
form a special independent kingdom and occupy an intermediate
position between animals and plants.
Mycologists study mushrooms. They established that the most important
signs of fungi are that which is characteristic of an individual animal
and plant kingdoms. Mushrooms grow everywhere, but most often on the ground,
forest floor, on rotting or living wood. Rarely do they meet
on garbage or manure heaps and on the site of fires.
Mushrooms need the right temperature and humidity to grow.
Observations show that the fungus grows well in calm, calm conditions.
weather, light is not so important for them. The body of fungi or mycelium, being in
soil or other culture medium growing in all directions.
The lifespan of mushrooms varies from one to several years.
decades.
In nature, fungi perform the most important function: they eliminate
remains of dead animals and plants. It encourages circulation
substances in nature. A person uses the beneficial properties of mushrooms in
various areas industry. IN Food Industry
yeasts and molds are used. In medicine from some mushrooms
manufacture antibiotics. Man from time immemorial began to collect
mushrooms, which brings him pleasure and joy. And also delivers to him
the table is a tasty and nutritious product. Unfortunately mushrooms are not
not only a source of joy, but also of sorrow. IN Lately we hear about
frequent cases of poisoning by certain types of mushrooms. The consequences are very
sad, there are cases fatality. Therefore, we have chosen this
topic of the project to get acquainted with a variety of mushrooms, learn
distinguish edible from poisonous mushrooms.
Mushrooms have long been known in Russia. In the old days they were called lips for
convex sponge caps. Fried, boiled, salted mushrooms did not go
from the table on weekdays and holidays, in winter and summer.
Mushrooms can be found in a variety of places - in fresh and
sea water, in the field and garden, in the meadow and in the mountains. Among them are
microscopic species, there are also giants. For example, in 1988 in Japan
a mushroom of incredible size was found. He couldn't fit in any
box truck, and a truck was required for delivery. When the giant was weighed
surprised even more - he pulled 168 kg.
Mushrooms that grow in the forests of our country have
useful properties. They are often called forest meat, they are quite
nutritious. Equally important are the presence of fats, carbohydrates, vitamins,
mineral salts.
Montage about mushrooms
Our teacher entered the classroom
And he asked slyly:
– What do we know about mushrooms?
– What are they needed for?
If the mushroom grows in the forest,
If it's edible
Everyone knows that his
Can be put in a bucket.
And when I come home
Let's cook mushroom soup together.
In a red hat with a white leg
Fly agaric grows in a bush.
Just don't tear it
Save it for the moose.
If animals are studied by biologists,
And botanical plants
Then mycologists were found for mushrooms,
Studying their diversity.
But in nature there are mushrooms
different shape, colorful,
Others are not visible.
So why are they needed?
A) The mushroom is useful, very important.
In Vietnam, for example, soybeans are prepared using mold fungi.
sauces.
B) In medicine, penicillin is used - obtained thanks to the fungus
Penicillin.
C) Some mushrooms help fight insects.
D) Mushrooms - yeast is used in baking.
But not all mushrooms
So good.
And, of course, you need to know
What harm can we expect from them.
Mushroom can harm in the garden.
Can hurt the book
Kill the plant
Due to inattention
Make a person sick.
We didn't speak for long.
We don't want to bore you.
Can't list all the mushrooms
After all, mushrooms are everywhere with us.
We must protect and study them.
We'll tell you a secret
It wasn't easy for all of us.
We have read many books
We learned about mushrooms.
You take a look
You won't regret it either.
The structure of the fungus and its mycelium.
With the help of the drawing, we showed all parts of the fungus and its mycelium.
edible mushrooms
Where do mushrooms grow?
Mushrooms grow everywhere: in forests and meadows, in gardens and parks, under
hedges and bushes. They can be found at the very edge of the forest.
high in the mountains and in the lowlands, in the river valleys. They follow the man
both in cities and industrial centers settling on tiny greens
areas in the middle of city streets and squares, on garbage heaps or
factory areas, penetrating even into mountain mines. listing of places,
where mushrooms are found, one can continue indefinitely. end of summer and
autumn is the main season for mushrooms, when the number of their species and types
becomes almost invisible. Late fall also brings
good harvest.
On the growth of mushrooms - both in relation to the period and in relation to them
quantities - factors such as humidity have a decisive influence
and temperature.
oyster mushroom feels at home anywhere deciduous forest. With a special
hunting, she settles on dead dead treesoyster mushroom more often
found on poplars, willows and larches. Probably the number of these mushrooms
not far from those farms,where they are bred as "vegetable veal",
constantly increases with the assistance of the wind.
Hat atporcini mushroom (boletus) brown and the stem is off-white.
Butporcini mushrooms (porcini mushrooms) always remain white - both in the pan and in
soup and dried. That's why they're white. The stem of the mushroom is thick. That's why
he looks important, saturated. Scientists identify about two dozen
varieties of this fungus.
Mushrooms in our area
boletus
milk mushrooms
Russula
pigs
Honey mushrooms
blue legs
Volnushki
Oilers
Ditties about mushrooms
Put your ears on top
Listen carefully:
Let's sing ditties about mushrooms
Very good.
– How old are you, freak?
You look like an old man.
The fungus surprised me:
– My age is only two days.
And in the basket we have
Everything you need in mushroom soup:
And mushrooms, and butterflies,
There is also a golden gingerbread.
Multicolored grebes
They climb into the fields.
We don't need one
Let's bypass them.
bug-eyed fly agaric
Sideways sat on the slope -
Looks, smiles,
Wants to please everyone.
We are not called "chanterelles" for nothing -
We are crafty sisters:
old yellow foliage
We covered our heads.
There are edible mushrooms
There are also poisonous ones.
We need edible -
We are fans of them.
We sang ditties to you,
Enlightened you for an hour.
And now - grab the bows,
For mushrooms all in the woods!
The most dangerous poisonous mushrooms
A student reads a poem
Mushroom deceit is known among the people?
Twin mushrooms exist in nature.
Be careful when going into the forest, do not forget:
A mistake will end your life.
Learn poisonous mushrooms, know
Recognize them unmistakably in the forest.
We must always remember that in addition to joy, mushrooms can also bring grief.
Poisoning most often occurs when a person does not know how to
recognize mushrooms or does it casually. poisonous mushrooms that
cause fatal or severe poisoning not so many
compared to edible or harmless mushrooms. So who wants
pick mushrooms for food, must learn to recognize at least 20-25
types of poisonous mushrooms that can cause dangerous poisoning.
So that picking mushrooms brings us joy and we would not be afraid for our own
health, it is always better to collect only a few types of mushrooms for food,
which we know well. It is very risky to collect those mushrooms in which
we are not sure. The pursuit of quantity can be fatal for many
mushroom pickers. Unfortunately, practical advice how to distinguish
there is no edible mushroom from a poisonous one. In the past there was
the belief that a silver utensil or bow is in contact with
poisonous mushrooms turn black, but this is not true. And it is also not true that
all poisonous mushrooms pinch the tongue and have a bitter taste and an unpleasant odor.
On the contrary, the most dangerous poisonous mushrooms, such as pale grebe,
fly agaric have no smell and taste. It is also not true that mushrooms
which gnaw on snails and eat insect larvae are not poisonous.
The most poisonous mushroom is the pale grebe and two similar ones.
species - white fly agaric and smelly fly agaric.
These three species are most often the culprits of fatal poisoning.
Pale grebe causes the most poisoning, as it is the most
common species of poisonous mushrooms.
Poisoning with a pale grebe is very dangerous already because its first
Symptoms appear only 8-72 hours after eating mushrooms in
food. In case of poisoning, nausea, weakness, headache,
dizziness and cold sweat breaks out. Then there is severe vomiting.
and diarrhea that lasts 2-3 days and is completely exhausting
sick. After seeming improvement after a few hours
there are severe pains in the stomach and intestines, it turns yellow skin covering,
the person loses consciousness and death occurs. In mild cases, the patient
recovers very slowly and the effects of poisoning make themselves felt
for a very long time, often until the end of life.
A much milder poisoning causes fly agaric red and related
He is a fly agaric royal. However, fly agaric poisoning is very
are rare, as almost everyone knows and shuns him. Moderately poisonous
are fly agaric bright yellow and fly agaric porphyry.
Strongly poisonous is the poisonous rosacea. signs
poisoning appears after 20-30 minutes, at the latest after 2-4
hours.
The patient begins vomiting and severe diarrhea, there are pains in the stomach and
headaches, feeling of thirst and severe weakness. With lungs
poisoning, these concomitant symptoms gradually disappear, but
completely disappear after a few days. At higher concentration
rosovolastinnik poisonous can cause death.
Of the cobwebs, the orange-red cobweb is very poisonous.
The first signs of poisoning with this fungus usually appear very late.
(after 3-14 days). Toxic substances of the orange-red cobweb,
primarily affects the kidneys and liver. The first signs of poisoning
are intense thirst, dryness and burning sensation in the mouth. Then comes
nausea, vomiting, headache and abdominal pain, constipation and chills.
Signs of poisoning become more intense and death occurs
after 2-3 weeks, sometimes even after a few months. With lungs
poisoning, the treatment of the patient lasts a very long time, from several weeks to
several months.
Sulphur-yellow poisoning may have more serious
consequences.
A few years ago, a thin pig was added to the list of poisonous mushrooms,
which in the mycological literature was cited as an edible mushroom. WITH
1963, there were many poisonings with a thin pig and scientists
found that frequent consumption of this mushroom causes
destruction of red blood cells.
The common puffball is poisonous only in that case,
when consumed in large quantities. And if you eat only two or
three slices, nothing will happen.
Poisoning can also be caused by known edible mushroom species, if for
cooking use old fruit bodies who were
found in the forest already spoiled.
For any signs of mushroom poisoning, it is necessary to immediately
or call a doctor. But even before the doctor comes, you need to
the patient to induce vomiting to get rid of the food that caused the poisoning.
To do this, you need to drink a large number of warm water. After
vomiting should take a laxative, such as castor oil or
put an enema.
The most dangerous of the poisonous mushrooms is the pale grebe. She looks like
champignon. But champignons have pink plates, with age
purple, and the toadstool is pure white. On top, the cap of a pale toadstool
greenish. It is almost impossible to save a person who has been poisoned by it.
Scene about mushrooms
The scene “The conversation of mushrooms. Presidential Elections »
Once in the Podbiryozovaya Republic, they decided to choose mushrooms for themselves
president
Vedas.
Once a red fly agaric
Boasted in front of the mushrooms:
fly agaric
After all, I alone decorate the forest,
And everyone knows this very well.
How smart I am!
And my hat, well, just a dream!
They tell me "You are a fly agaric
Among mushrooms toadstool "
But I'm proud of my beauty
And a red hat.
Vedas.
I heard you kill flies
And you feed the moose in the forest
I know, I know it's nice
Yes, you don’t go to the basket.
There is little use in your outfit
You are a good-looking father
But you are very venomous
Mukh-r.
Silence! forest people
I am taking self-withdrawal.
Honey mushrooms
And we are honey mushrooms - very friendly guys
We grow on stumps in the forest
Like freckles on your nose
Vedas.
You and summer and autumn
Meat you are even healthier
You are boiled, salted, fried
And in any dinner they praise
Honey mushrooms
Well, of course us guys
Too early for the presidency
We are all together as soldiers
Then we go to the deputies
Toadstool
I'm a pale toadstool
Besides, she's not poor.
I'm not used to being liked. Whoever eats me will get poisoned.
Vedas.
You are thin, slim, dressed
At the same time you are full of poison
Toadstool
That I don't suit you?
I'm going to fly agaric
Chanterelle
The people are surprised
Lead a wonderful round dance
Redhead sisters
That chanterelle mushrooms
Vedas
Of the fox breed
Cunning you are by nature
Chanterelle
No, now I understand everything
I withdraw my candidacy
Volnushka
At the wave on top
With red curls.
Modestly hid behind a bump,
Hiding the crown under the leaf.
Beware the forest people
Volnushka is coming to the presidency
Vedas
If you are in the forest
To scold and worry everyone
You can't be president
Waves
No, I'm a redhead
I'd rather jump in the box
boletus
I am a boletus
I grow under the aspens
boletus
I'm a fungus
Grow in a birch grove
boletus
What do you want for the presidency
I won't go, I don't want
I am also not used to
Let the boletus become president
Borovik
I - White mushroom, I am a boletus,
I am accustomed to rule in the forest.
And I was the king of mushrooms.
Apparently it's my turn
I will be the first president.
Well folks, I agree!
Vedas
Old, important boletus
The most important lumberjack.
And mushrooms all around
Give white bow.
Mushrooms in medicine
People have always tried to find universal remedy, which
will help to cope with all diseases. One of thesefunds can
become medicines derived from mushrooms. Mushrooms haveimportant
importance in medicine. Even in ancient times they beganapply in
folk medicine along with herbs, fruits and berries.
People who were popularly called healers accumulated their knowledge in
areas of healing, passed them on by inheritance, keeping a secret from
outsiders. When writing appeared in Rus', a big role
handwritten "Herbs" were played. They contained interesting information O
various means and methods of healing. In folk medicine, quite
widely appliedfly agaric . They prevent cancer from developing
tumors, they treat tonsillitis, rheumatism, tuberculosis, skin diseases,
tincture rub the joints.
In folk medicine, other hat mushrooms were also used.
For example,
brick red and sulfur yellow recommended as
laxative and emetic.
Pepper load treated for tuberculosis.
Used in folk medicineautumn honey agaric . This mushroom is used
as a laxative, it helps in better digestion of food.
Widely used in folk medicinedecoction of chaga . Chaga decoction improves
condition of patients, promotes the treatment of gastritis and other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, treats cancer, tuberculosis, stops
bleeding.
From mushroomcamelina got a good medicine that slows down
development of harmful bacteria.
Mushroomtalker used in medicine for the treatment of tuberculosis
skin and bones.
Medicine derived from mushroomschanterelles , can treat purulent
diseases, blood poisoning.
Honey agaric meadow proved to be useful in the fight against E. coli and
other microbes, treats the thyroid gland
Frommushrooms A new drug has been developed that has been successfully used
for the treatment of typhoid, paratyphoid.
Widely popular among the peopletea mushroom .
The peoples of many countries of the world contain it at home. Infusion
This mushroom is drunk before meals to stimulate appetite or satisfy
thirst throughout the day. medicine received fromwhite fungus
promotes rapid healing from frostbite, reduces pain during
heart disease.
Atbutter found a substance that helps with headaches.
However, self-treatment is not recommended, it is necessary
first consult with your doctor.
Mushroom rules.
We must firmly remember these rules
In the forest for mushrooms you need to go in comfortable clothes and shoes - a walk
should give you pleasure.
Collect only those mushrooms that you know well. If
If in doubt, consult with experts. And if a specialist
near no, do not take a dubious mushroom.
You can not pick mushrooms in the city, and outside the city along highways
Do not take old overripe mushrooms. Even in edible mushrooms,
boletus can breed poisonous to humans
microorganisms.
Don't put your "loot" in plastic bags! mushrooms in them
bend and break. In addition, the temperature inside the bag is
so high that mushrooms "suffocate and spoil."
You need to process mushrooms as soon as you return home from the forest.
Otherwise, in a few hours, the mushrooms will have time to worm.
Mushrooms are best cut with a knife. But you can also carefully twist out of
earth. The main thing is not to stir, not to rake the moss under the “root”, dry
leaves, needles, do not destroy the mycelium.
Fly agaric and grebes do not knock down, do not trample underfoot.
Carefully cut the mushroom with a sharp knife.
Do not touch unfamiliar and inedible mushrooms.
Do not turn over dry leaves and moss.
Don't pick mushrooms you don't know.
Do not knock down or trample on inedible mushrooms.
Do not pick those mushrooms, in the edibility of which there is even the slightest
doubt. Keep updating your knowledge of mushrooms.
Games
Game "Edible - inedible"
The leader throws the ball, calling the mushrooms. If the mushroom is not edible, then
the player must hit the ball, and if edible, catch the ball.
Oiler, breast, pale grebe, boletus, boletus, boletus,
fly agaric, ginger, wave, false honey agaric, champignon, chanterelles,
honey agaric
Game "Collect mushrooms"
The driver is blindfolded. Mushroom children run around behind. If you get caught
fly agaric, the children shout: "Do not take it!" The winner is the one who for a certain
time will "gather" the most "mushrooms".
Mushroom box game.
Teams receive a "basket" - a package for "picking mushrooms", where
there is a card with syllables:
NUSH - IK - KA - IN - PE - MOK - VOL - OV - O
and 8 clean sheets.
The teacher reads the condition of the game:
Along the path at full speed
A rooster flies through the forest.
He shouts: “Ku-ka-re-ku!
Honor and glory to the mushroom picker!
I filled my body
And I'm running home."
A hedgehog shouted from under the tree:
“You will shake all the mushrooms!”
The hedgehog is right - at the rooster
There is one rubbish in the box:
KA - RO - MAS - LE - SY - EZH - VIC
NOK - UNDER - AXIS - VIK - RY - KA - ZhIK
KA - SICH - LI - UNDER - RE - BE - ZO - NO
NUSH - IK - KA - IN - PE - MOK - VOL - OV - O.
Connect the stems and caps of the mushrooms together. Don't be surprised if you don't find
them nearby: they can be at the bottom of the basket or lie on top. Who is faster
fill your box with mushrooms? "Mushrooms" are syllables that follow
"collect" the names of mushrooms.
Each group "stacks the mushrooms" into their box for two minutes and
gives it to the teacher. (Oiler, boletus, volnushka, russula,
boletus, camelina, honey agaric, chanterelle.) Dishes from mushrooms Games
The game "Connoisseurs of Proverbs"
The text of the proverb is cut. Who will quickly collect and explain the meaning:
Fungus to fungus - you will pick up a basket.
Game "Nimble mushroom pickers"
Mushrooms are placed on the floor, there are fewer of them than the participants in the game. Children
dance to the music. When the music ends, every player rushes
pick mushroom. Whoever is left without a fungus is out of the game.
Put the fungus on the floor.
Show yourself in dance.
The music will stop playing
The mushroom must be taken quickly.
The game "Blind Man's Buff with Mushroom"
The players become in a circle. One of them has a bell mushroom. driving
should identify this player by sound.
Puzzles
Let's take baskets
Let's go to the forest, friend,
Mushrooms we are now
We will certainly find
"Say a word"
Fun at heart
And sadness goes away
When in your basket
Got the first one...(breast )
Under the fallen leaves
Mushrooms hid together.
These are sly sisters.
These are yellow...chanterelles )
Among the young pines
A wonderful mushroom grows ... (oiler )
Our hats are like rings,
Like waves on a river.
Russula we are girlfriends,
We are called mushrooms ... (waves )
Huddled together like chickens
Hemp has mushrooms ... (honey mushrooms )
1. I stand on a smooth thick leg
Under the brown hat
With soft velvet liningWhite mushroom )
2. This mushroom is elegant
Grows next to an aspen
Put on the head
Bright red beret. (boletus )
3. It's a fungus -
Birches son.
Who will find him
Everyone puts in a basket (boletus )
4. Yellow-red sisters,
They magnify us ... (chanterelles )
5. Here is a bright red mushroom,
You have learned. This… (camelina )
6. Near the stumps and on the lawn
We always walk in a flock.
Very friendly guys
They call us ... (honey mushrooms )
7. Strong little fungus,
Oily like a pancake. (boletus )
8. And I'm the most common mushroom.
You can meet me in almost every forest.
My plate hats are pinkish,
Burgundy, greenish.(Russula )
This mushroom is familiar to all of us:
With lace collar
He stands on a white leg,
Among the grass along the path.
Bright red panama
In white fashionable peas ...
I plucked it for my mom
But she said, “Oh!
Though your mushroom looks beautiful
But for us it is poisonous!” (fly agaric
)
Here in the grass are conspicuous
Multicolored hats.
Remember their name
But don't eat it raw! (Russula )
Very friendly guys
They live near the stump ... (Honey mushrooms )
white panama,
Pale… (Toadstool )
King of mushrooms on a thick leg
The best for the basket.
He holds his head boldly
Because he is a mushroom ... (White )
Under the pine at the edge
Preyut red tops.
In fragrant moss two braids
They hide the cunning ... (Chanterelles )
Proverbs about mushrooms
Beans are not mushrooms: without sowing, they will not sprout.
To be afraid of wolves, to be without mushrooms.
There will be rain, there will be fungi; and there will be fungi, there will be boxfish.
Near the forest to live - not to be hungry
They take every mushroom in their hands, but not every mushroom is put in the back.
A torn mushroom is forever dead, cut under the root - gives offspring a bag.
Forest pharmacy
Fly agaric - beautiful mushroom, only very poisonous
Moose only eat it and talk at the same time
There is no more reliable medicine, ate and no temperature
Treats whooping cough and bronchitis, ate and the throat does not hurt
Fly agaric is a medicinal mushroom, it is not poisonous to us.
.
Quiz questions .
What forest dweller dries mushrooms on trees? (Squirrel)
-Name the mushrooms, by the name of which one can judge their place
growth. (boletus, boletus, podtopolnik)
For which forest dweller is fly agaric a medicine? (for moose)
-Which one of cap mushrooms most poisonous? ( Death cap)
What are the first mushrooms to appear in our forests? (Spring
lines and morels appear)
List the uses of mushrooms for food. (Dry, fry, boil,
salted, marinated)
What are the names of the mushrooms that are different colors? (Russula)
-Does the squirrel eat fresh mushrooms? (No)
- The appearance of which mushrooms marks the end of summer? (Again)
- What weather foreshadows the harvest of mushrooms? (rainy)
About the benefits of mushrooms
Mushrooms contain proteins (more than 5% of the mass of mushrooms), fats (about 1%),
carbohydrates (3%), as well as macro- and microelements necessary for a person -
potassium, calcium, zinc, copper, iron, cobalt.
Calcium contained in mushrooms, the daily requirement for which is -
120mg, is a universal regulator of vital activity in
in combination with phosphorus, it is found in bones and teeth.
IN fresh mushrooms also contains fat-soluble vitamins A and
D, vitamins of group B, ascorbic (vitamin C) and nicotinic (vitamin
PP) acid.
Mushrooms are also used in medicinal purposes, in scientific medicine is good
the importance of penicillin and other antibiotics contained in mushrooms is known,
for treatment infectious diseases. Kombucha having
anti-inflammatory and anesthetic properties, widely used
in oriental medicine. In folk medicine for the treatment of diseases
nervous system fly agaric is used, alcoholism - dung beetle, radiation
leukopenia and tumors - birch fungus chaga other fungi
The edible plant also has antitumor and tonic properties.
white mushroom (boletus), better known for its taste properties. His
called the king of mushrooms. Properly harvesting and processing mushrooms,
they can be used all year round.
About the dangers of mushrooms
At the same time, physicians are increasingly recording mushroom poisoning.
Reasons - inability to distinguish between edible and inedible mushrooms, purchase
mushrooms on the spontaneous market, lack of information on the impact of the global
human activity for biochemical and species composition mushrooms, etc.
Often they collect mushrooms, destroying the mycelium. Overripe, wormy and
softened mushrooms are not suitable for food, because. may cause
gastrointestinal diseases. At the same time, they are the source
spores that renew mycelium.
It is important to remember that after cutting the mushroom, it should be done as soon as possible.
recycle, because after 3-5 hours due to the beginning of the protein tissue of the body of the fungus at
at room temperature, it accumulates secondary metabolites. Mushrooms
can be stored in the cold for longer, but not more than a day after collection.
Mushrooms edible species can accumulate toxic substances,
growing near major freeways with heavy traffic
transport, military ranges, chemical plants, zones
environmental disasters and in radiation hazardous areas, each
this situation requires special consideration.
Mushrooms are rich in proteins. This is the undoubted benefit of mushrooms. But protein
poorly absorbed and can cause "indigestion". This is harm. Mushrooms have
vitamins and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Of course, plus
piggy bank. We will not prove the harm of mushrooms that are poisonous. Evident
fact. Edible mushroom proteins can also cause allergies, which is not
in the best way affects the health of the mushroom eater. In the same time,
due to the severity for digestion and low calorie content, mushrooms can
go on weight loss diets. Based on the above, one can
conclusion that mushrooms are useful, but you need to know certain rules their
use. For example:
You need to know poisonous mushrooms and collect only the “right” ones. Like
would be a simple rule, but every year people end up in hospitals with
severe mushroom poisoning. There are even deaths
that this is not a joke, but a very real threat to life.
When used, it must be borne in mind that the protein of mushrooms is bad
digested before going to bed, hard work, sauna, etc. eat better
something lighter on the stomach.
It is also important to know the territory where you are going to hunt for
mushrooms. If it is contaminated, then the benefits and harms of mushrooms will be for you in
undesirable proportions
. Before cooking mushrooms, boil them 1-2 times a day.
clean water, pour out the broth.
It is advisable for children under 5-7 years old not to eat mushrooms, however, as well as
older people due to the large load on the gastrointestinal tract.
Moose, hedgehogs, squirrels, mice feed on mushrooms in nature.
Always remember the main rule of the mushroom picker:
If you don't know, don't take it!
Conclusion. Conclusion
This is the end of our journey into the world of mushrooms. He is amazingly big.
and diverse. Today we visited only hat mushrooms,
but there are other types of fungi - molds. Each mushroom has its own
features, each one is amazing in its own way. And studying mushrooms is amazing
science - "mycology". And today each of you has become almost real
mycologist. I wish you continued success in learning mushroom
kingdoms.
Literature
Literature: magazine " Primary School» №7 1989
Mazin V.V., Shashkova L.S. "Mushrooms, plants and people" - Moscow:
Agropromizdat, 1986
- p.208
Cherepanova N.P., Pshedetskaya L.I. "Mushrooms" - Leningrad: Lenizdat, 1990 - p.93
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