And the diplomatic education "European Concert". However, the Second War required the emergence of a more weighty and serious structure. And at the beginning of 1945, the major powers of the world, such as the Soviet Union, the USA, China, Great Britain and France, at a conference in San Francisco signed a treaty establishing the United Nations. Within six months, another 45 states joined the UN, later Poland joined them.

Today, the United Nations has about two hundred members, including such exotic countries like the Solomon Islands, Micronesia, Guinea-Bissau, Antigua and Barbados. A state can become a new member of the UN only if it is ready to establish diplomatic relations and promote peacefulness. Also, the members of the Council must vote for the candidate, with a result of at least nine positive votes out of fifteen. The decisive word is with the United States, Russia, China, France and Great Britain, the founding countries of the UN.

The United Nations is made up of six structural divisions. This is the UN General Assembly, which discusses issues related to the maintenance common peace and security, at annual meetings in the presence of representatives of 193 participating countries. The UN also includes the Security Council, the Economic Council, the Trusteeship Council, international Court and Secretariat. Of all the divisions, only the Security Council has the right to make specific decisions regarding the maintenance of peace, up to and including calling on the participating countries for collective peacekeeping measures. all other UN entities are advisory in nature.

On the territory of the Soviet Union, the first institution that belonged to the UN department began to work three years after the creation of the United Nations. In 1948, the Information Center was opened in Moscow, later fourteen more structures joined it. Today, UN agencies in Russia determine the strategic development government programs aimed at maintaining economic development, the health of the country's population, as well as control over the demographic situation and the environment.

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The United Nations or the United Nations is world organization, created after the Second World War to maintain security in the world. And until now, all UN divisions are working to make our world more diplomatic, democratic and to secure countries from a repetition of global hostilities. The UN has a branched structure, each division of which makes its decisions for different areas human activity.

Instruction

The UN is a global non-profit organization, however, it is not international government nor a system that makes laws. Rather, the UN can be compared to an international forum, which today includes 193 countries. At this, countries discuss and make decisions on the most serious issues of concern to the world community. The UN has tools that can help resolve conflicts between countries, develop security issues for states, get rid of poverty or violate human rights. All countries that are members of the UN can express their opinion on various issues and ask for help.

The UN includes more than 30 organizations and departments that also regulate various issues: the security system, peacekeeping and environment, the protection of human rights, the fight against poverty, disease, hunger. The UN develops standards and regulations that help make it safe, for example, it launches campaigns against drug trafficking and terrorism, advocates for improved air communication between countries, refugees and homeless people, transfers to victims of military conflicts, fights AIDS.

There are several main departments in the UN that are responsible for global issues in the world. The first person in the UN is the Secretary General. This is an elective position, the General Secretary is elected for a term of 5 years. He is the leader and face of the UN and has the right to make statements on behalf of the entire United Nations.

Together with the Secretary General, the work is carried out by the UN Secretariat. He deals with a variety of issues: peacekeeping policy, human rights, mediates disputes between countries, identifies problematic social and economic trends, and compiles reports on ongoing operations.

The UN General Assembly is the organization responsible for discussion and decision-making among all UN member states. Holds sessions from September to December that address key issues international security and problems of the population of the Earth. The Assembly elects the head of the UN, non-permanent members of the Security Council, representatives of other departments of the UN. Each member of the UN has one vote.

Security Council - main body The United Nations is responsible for maintaining peace and security on the planet. It is the Security Council that can impose sanctions various countries if they violate conventions and the UN constitution. The Security Council has the right to send peacekeeping troops to the zones of conflicts and armed operations, as well as to conduct military operations. The Security Council consists of 5 permanent and 10 temporary members, who are constantly changing and are elected only for 2 years. The United States, France, Russia, Great Britain and China are permanent members of the UN Security Council. Each member of the Security Council, when making decisions, has one vote, but only permanent members have the right to "veto", that is, to cancel decisions.

The International Court of Justice deals with issues of territorial disputes between countries, for example, the legality of the expansion of states, illegal violation of borders, etc. The Court may also advise other UN organizations on these matters. The UN consists of the Social and Economic Council, the Trusteeship Council, specialized organizations such as UNESCO, WHO, IAEA and WTO.

Especially for the illiterate and ill-bred - in the column "Date of joining the UN" for the Russian Federation it is indicated: "October 24, 1945 (USSR)", i.e. in 1945, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics became a member of this international organization. It should be noted that the foundations of the UN activities and its structure were developed during the Second World War by the leading members of the anti-Hitler coalition, i.e. USSR including.

After the collapse of the USSR at the end of 1991 Russian Federation was recognized the international community as a successor state of the USSR in matters of nuclear potential, external debt, state property abroad, as well as membership in the UN Security Council, i.e. The Russian Federation is the full successor of the USSR - from the international legal point of view, this is one and the same state, therefore, our country's membership in the UN since 1945 is indisputable.

To increase your level of intelligence:

The succession of states is the transfer of the rights and obligations of one state to another state or the replacement of one state by another state in bearing responsibility for the international relations of a territory.

Succession occurs in cases of transfer of the territory of one state to another state, as well as in cases of formation of new states. In this regard, there are:

  • Separation - the state broke up into two (or more) states. The old state disappears, new ones arise in its place
  • Separation - part of the state separated, but the state itself remained
  • Unification - two or more states become one
  • Accession - one state joins another

I will fill your educational gap on another issue. You declare that the Russian Federation in 1945 "was not in sight ..." - if you, due to mental limitations, could not learn the history of your country, this does not mean that the Russian Federation did not exist. There you are historical fact: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (official abbreviation of the RSFSR) - a union republic within the USSR from 1922 to 1991. Proclaimed on October 25 (November 7), 1917 as a result October revolution like Russian Soviet Republic. From July 19, 1918, the official name was the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. The name Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic was introduced by the Constitution of the USSR of 1936 and the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1937. Along with the above official names V Soviet period such unofficial names as the Russian Federation and Russia were also widely used.

P.S. As an advice - try to switch from lumpen jargon to normal Russian ...

The United Nations (UN) is an international organization created to maintain and strengthen international peace and security, development of cooperation between states.

The foundations of its activities and structure were developed during the Second World War by the leading members of the Anti-Hitler Coalition. The name "United Nations", proposed by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was first used on January 1, 1942 in the Declaration of the United Nations, when, during World War II, representatives of 26 states pledged on behalf of their governments to continue the joint struggle against the Axis.

It is noteworthy that earlier the first international organizations were created for cooperation in certain areas: the International Telegraph Union (1865), the Universal Postal Union (1874), etc. Both organizations are today UN specialized agencies.

The First International Peace Conference was convened in The Hague in 1899 to develop agreements on the peaceful resolution of crises, the prevention of war, and the rules of war. The conference adopted the Convention for the Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes and established the Permanent Court of Arbitration, which began its work in 1902.

World Food Program (WFP);

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD);

United Nations Program for international control over drugs (UNDCP);

United Nations Program for settlements(UN-Habitat; UNPN);

United Nations Environment Program (UNEP);

United Nations Volunteers (UNV);

United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF);

Center for international trade(WTC);

United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).

Educational and research institutions:

United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR);

United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI);

Research Institute social development at the UN (UNRISD);

United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR).

Other UN entities:

United Nations System Staff College (UNSSC);

International Computing Center (ICC);

the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS);

United Nations University (UNU);

United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS), UN Women.

Commission on Narcotic Drugs;

Commission on Population and Development;

Commission on Science and Technology for Development;

Commission on the Status of Women;

Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice4

Commission for Sustainable Development;

Commission for Social Development;

Statistical Commission;

United Nations Forum on Forests.

ECOSOC Regional Commissions:

Economic Commission for Europe (ECE);

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific Ocean(ESCAP);

Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA);

Economic Commission for Africa (ECA);

Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).

Standing Committees of ECOSOC: Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations, Committee for Negotiations with Intergovernmental Institutions, Committee for Program and Coordination.

Special Bodies of ECOSOC: Special working group open-ended in informatics.

Expert bodies composed of government experts:

United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names;

United Nations Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management;

Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals;

Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on international standards accounting and reporting.

Expert bodies composed of members serving in their personal capacity: Committee on Development Policy, Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Committee of Experts on public administration, Committee of Experts on International Tax Cooperation, Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues.

Council related bodies: Executive Board of the International Training and Research Institute for the Advancement of Women, United Nations Population Prize Committee, Coordinating Board of the United Nations Joint Program on HIV/AIDS, International Narcotics Control Board.

While creating international system The Trusteeship Council was established by the Charter of the United Nations as one of the principal organs of the United Nations, charged with the task of overseeing the administration of the Trust Territories under the Trusteeship System.

The main goals of the system were to promote the improvement of the situation of the population of the trust territories and their progressive development towards self-government or independence. The Trusteeship Council consists of five permanent members of the Security Council - Russia, USA, Great Britain, France and China. The aims of the trust system were achieved when all of the trust territories achieved self-government or independence, either as separate states or through association with neighboring independent countries.

In accordance with the Charter, the Trusteeship Council is authorized to consider and discuss the reports of the administering authority concerning the political, economic and social progress of the peoples of the trust territories and the progress in the field of education, and in consultation with the administering authority to consider petitions coming from the trust territories, and to arrange periodic and other special visits to the Trust Territories.

The Trusteeship Council suspended its work on November 1, 1994, after the last remaining United Nations Trust Territory, Palau, gained independence on October 1, 1994. By means of a resolution adopted on 25 May 1994, the Council amended its rules of procedure to remove the obligation to meet annually, and agreed to meet as needed, by its own decision or by that of its President, or at the request of a majority of its members or the General Assembly, or the Security Council.

International Court.

It is the main judicial organ of the United Nations. It was established by the UN Charter to achieve one of the main goals of the UN: "to conduct by peaceful means, in accordance with the principles of justice and international law settlement or settlement of international disputes or situations which may lead to a breach of the peace”. The Court functions in accordance with the Statute, which is part of the Charter, and its Rules. It began operating in 1946, replacing the Permanent Court international justice(PPMP), which was established in 1920 under the auspices of the League of Nations. The seat of the Court is the Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands).

Secretariat.

The Secretariat is an international staff based in institutions around the world and carries out the various day-to-day activities of the Organization. It also serves the other principal organs of the United Nations and implements the programs and policies adopted by them. The Secretariat is headed by the Secretary General, who is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council for a term of 5 years with the possibility of re-election for a new term.

The duties performed by the Secretariat are as diverse as the problems handled by the UN, from leading peacekeeping operations to mediating international disputes, from compiling economic and social trends and issues to the preparation of studies on human rights and sustainable development. In addition, Secretariat staff guide and inform the world's media about the work of the UN; organizes international conferences on problems of global importance; monitors the implementation of the decisions of the UN bodies and translates speeches and documents into the official languages ​​of the Organization.

United Nations specialized agencies and related bodies. The specialized agencies of the United Nations are independent international organizations linked to the United Nations by a special cooperation agreement. Specialized institutions are created on the basis of intergovernmental agreements.

Specialized institutions:

Universal Postal Union (UPU);

World Bank Group;

International Development Association (IDA);

International Finance Corporation (IFC);

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD);

International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID);

Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA);

World Meteorological Organization (WMO);

World Health Organization (WHO);

World Organization intellectual property(WIPO);

World Tourism Organization (UNWTO);

International Maritime Organization (IMO);

international organization civil aviation(ICAO);

International Labor Organization (ILO);

International Monetary Fund (IMF);

International Telecommunication Union (ITU);

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD);

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO);

United Nations industrial development(UNIDO);

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

UN related organizations:

World trade Organization(WTO);

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA);

Comprehensive Ban Treaty Organization nuclear testing(CTBT);

Prohibition Organization chemical weapons(OPCW).

Convention Secretariats:

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities;

United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Severe Drought and/or Desertification, Especially in Africa (UNCCD);

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).

UN Trust Funds:

United Nations Democracy Fund (UNDEF);

United Nations Fund for International Partnerships (UNFIP).

The leadership of the UN is represented by the President of the General Assembly and the Secretary General.

President of the General Assembly. Opens and closes each plenary meeting of the General Assembly of the United Nations, fully directs the work of the General Assembly and maintains order at its meetings.

General Secretary. The chief administrative officer is the symbol of the United Nations and the spokesman for the interests of the peoples of the world.

According to the Charter, the Secretary General performs the functions assigned to him by the Security Council, the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council and other bodies of the United Nations.

The Secretary General is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council for a term of 5 years with the possibility of re-election for a new term.

Currently, there is a gentleman's agreement, according to which a citizen of a state - a permanent member of the UN Security Council (Russia, USA, Great Britain, France and China) cannot be General Secretary UN.

UN Secretaries General:

Member States of the UN.

The original members of the UN include the 50 states that signed the UN Charter at the San Francisco Conference on June 26, 1945, as well as Poland. Since 1946, about 150 states have been admitted to the UN (but at the same time a number of states, such as Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia, were divided into independent states). July 14, 2011, with admission to UN membership South Sudan, the number of UN member states was 193.

Members of the UN can only be internationally recognized states - subjects of international law. According to the UN Charter, membership in the UN is open to all "peace-loving States which will accept the obligations contained in the Charter and which, in the judgment of the Organization, are able and willing to fulfill these obligations." "Admission of any such State to membership in the Organization shall be effected by a decision of the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council."

The admission of a new member requires the support of at least 9 of the 15 member states of the Security Council (with 5 permanent members - Russia, the United States, Britain, France and China - can veto a decision). After approval of the recommendation by the Security Council, the issue is taken to the General Assembly, where a two-thirds majority is required for a resolution to join. The new state becomes a member of the UN from the date of the resolution of the General Assembly.

Among the original members of the UN were countries that were not full-fledged internationally recognized states: along with the USSR, its two union republics - the Byelorussian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR; British colony - British India (divided into now independent members - India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar); US protectorate - Philippines; as well as the actually independent dominions of Great Britain - Canada, the Commonwealth of Australia, New Zealand, Union of South Africa.

In September 2011, the Palestinian Authority (the partially recognized State of Palestine) filed an application for membership in the UN, but the satisfaction of this application was postponed until the Palestinian-Israeli settlement and general international recognition Palestine.

In addition to the status of a member, there is the status of a UN observer, which may precede entry into the number of full members. Observer status is assigned by voting in the General Assembly, the decision is made by a simple majority. UN observers, as well as members specialized agencies The UN (for example, UNESCO) can be both recognized and partially recognized states and public entities. So, the observers this moment are the Holy See and the State of Palestine, and for some time there were, for example, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Japan, Finland, and other countries that had the right to join, but temporarily did not use it for various reasons.

For the organization of the work of bodies in the UN system, official and working languages ​​have been established. The list of these languages ​​is defined in the rules of procedure of each body. All major UN documents, including resolutions, are published in the official languages. Verbatim records of meetings are published in the working languages ​​and speeches delivered in any official language are translated into them.

The official languages ​​of the United Nations are: English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Arabic. If a delegation wishes to speak in a language other than the official language, it must provide interpretation or translation into one of the official languages.

The calculation of the UN budget is a process in which all members of the organization are involved. The budget is put forward by the UN Secretary-General after agreement with the divisions of the organization and based on their requirements. Subsequently, the proposed budget is reviewed by a 16-member Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions and a 34-member Program and Coordination Committee. The committees' recommendations are forwarded to the General Assembly's Committee on Management and Budget, which includes all Member States, which reviews the budget again. Finally, it is submitted to the General Assembly for final consideration and approval.

The main criterion used by the Member States in the General Assembly is the solvency of the country. Solvency is determined on the basis of gross national product (GNP) and a number of adjustments, including adjustments for external debt and per capita income.

"History and goals of the UN"

  • Historical summary
  • summary
  • UN goals
  • Human rights
  • Economic Development and Humanitarian Aid
  • A few more words about the UN

The United Nations (UN) is represented as an intergovernmental system of association, in order to create comfortable international communication. Became a replacement for the ineffective League of Nations. This formation began to exist October 24, 1945, in order to prevent the repetition of such an incident as a world-wide war. Its composition is slightly less than 200 states.

The location of the headquarters of the interethnic association settled in Manhattan. Other important consulates are located in Geneva, Nairobi and Vienna. The budget is financed from the resources of the participating states. Contributions are both mandatory and voluntary. The objectives of this association are to promote world harmony and security, respect for human rights, help social and economic development, nature protection, as well as the provision of humanitarian support in case of famine, natural Disasters and armed conflicts.

During World War II, Roosevelt initiated negotiations for a successor to the League of Nations. The charter of the new body was developed at a meeting in April-June 1945. This charter came into force on October 24, 1945, and the UN came into existence. United Nations Mission for World Peace was challenging task in the first decades. A cold war broke out in the world between the USSR and the USA and their allies, respectively.
The organization received Nobel Prize world in 2001, as well as a number of its officials and institutions were also awarded the award. Other assessments of the UN's performance have been mixed. Some commentators believe that the organization is an important factor in peace and human development, while others call the organization inefficient, corrupt.

Historical summary
Before the creation of the UN, a number of international institutions and conferences were formed to resolve conflicts between countries: the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Hague Convention of 1899 and 1907, respectively. After the catastrophic loss of life in World War I, the Paris Peace Conference created the League of Nations to maintain harmony between nations. However, the League lacked representation for the colonial peoples (then half the world's population) and significant participation from several major powers, including the US, USSR, Germany, and Japan. The body could not produce restrictions for the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, the Japanese invasion of China, to stop the German plans of Adolf Hitler, which ended in World War II.

United Nations Declaration
The initial organizational plan for the newly minted international association began under the auspices of the US State Department in 1939. Roosevelt became the author of the "Declaration of the United Nations", together with Churchill and Hopkins. During a meeting at the White House on December 29, 1941, the Soviet proposals were included, but there was no role left for France. Roosevelt became the founder of the term United Nations.

UN goals
Operations to maintain peace and security.
The UN, after approval by the Security Council, sends peacekeepers to regions where armed conflicts have recently ceased or have paused. This was done in order to ensure compliance with the terms of the peace agreements and prevent the resumption of hostilities. The world association does not have a personal army at its disposal. Peacekeeping operations produced by borrowing from states within the represented community.



Human rights.
The UN is considered the main community that sets as its goals the promotion and development of respect for human rights, excluding various kinds of discrimination. Member States are required to take decisions, both general and individual, in order to protect their people's rights.
In 1948, the General Assembly established the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, prepared by a committee headed by Franklin D. Roosevelt's widow-Eleanor and the French jurist Cassin. The document proclaims the main civil, political and economic rights, common to all people, although its effectiveness in achieving these goals has been debated since its compilation. The Declaration serves as a common standard for all peoples and all countries.

In 1979, the General Assembly established the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against the Weaker Sex, followed by the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989.
With the end cold war, the impetus for action in the field of human rights received a new impetus. Human Law was established in 1993 to oversee human rights issues.

Economic development and humanitarian aid.
Another main goal of the UN is to control and organize cooperation between states and solve their problems among themselves. Numerous bodies have been set up to work towards this goal. In 2000, 192 Member States of the United Nations agreed to achieve the eight Millennium Development Goals by 2015.

The United Nations Development Program (UNDP), a grant-based technical assistance organization founded in 1945, is one of the leading bodies in the field of interethnic formation. The organization also monitors the Human Opportunity Index, a comparative measure of how countries rank in poverty, literacy, education, medium duration life and other factors. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), also founded in 1945, promotes development Agriculture and food security. UNICEF is founded in 1946 to help European children after the end of hostilities. The Foundation has increased its mission to help worldwide and support the Convention on the Rights of the Child.



Assistance between the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, is an independent, specialized agency and plays the role of an observer, according to the text of the 1947 agreement. They were originally formed separately from the UN through the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1944. The World Bank provides loans for world development, and in parallel, the IMF helps to strengthen interethnic cooperation in the economy and gives emergency loans to debtor countries.
Within the framework of interethnic cooperation, there is an association related to the health of the population. in which the key importance is given to international issues with health and elimination of diseases. It is one of the largest UN agencies. In 1980, the agency announced that smallpox eradication was complete. In the following decades, the WHO largely eradicated polio and leprosy. The Unified Interethnic Community Project on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), launched in 1996, coordinates the issue of the AIDS epidemic.

Along with the international association - the Red Cross, the UN often represents the main significance in the implementation of emergency assistance, in extreme situations. The World Food Program (WFP), established in the early 1960s, provides food support, as a result of "hungry" times, natural disasters and military conflicts. The association reports that it feeds an average of 90 million inhabitants in 80 states during each year. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), established in 1950, works to protect those in need within the authority of the Office. UNHCR and WFP's activities are funded through voluntary donations from governments, corporations and individuals, although UNHCR's administrative costs are covered by the UN's core budget.

A few more words about the UN
Since the creation of the UN, more than 80 colonies have gained independence. The UN is working towards decolonization.

Since its inception, the UN programs have been directed towards the protection and improvement of the environment. The UN is looking after environmental issues. Initially, this program was not very successful. In the late 1980s, UNEP and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) became another part of the UN. The WOM evaluates research reports related to global warming.
The General Assembly fixes the amount of the regular contribution. This amount is based on each country's capacity (GNI), adjusted for external debt and low level per capita income. That is, for each individual state, the amount of contributions varies. The biennial budget for 2012-13 was $5.512 billion in total.

The Assembly established the principle that the UN should not be overly dependent on any one member to fund its activities. Thus, there is a "ceiling" rule, the maximum amount that any member can allocate to the regular budget. In December 2000, the Assembly revised the scale of assessments in response to pressure from the United States. As part of this revision, the budget ceiling was lowered from 25% to 22%. For Least Developed Countries (LDCs), a maximum rate of 0.01% applies.

A significant part of the UN's spending is on its core mission of peace and security, and this budget is estimated separately from the main one. Maintaining a peaceful existence cost $ 827 billion in 2015-16 financial years.

April 25 marks the 65th anniversary of the day when delegates from 50 countries gathered in San Francisco for the United Nations conference on the creation of an international organization - the UN. During the conference, the delegates prepared a charter of 111 articles, which was adopted on 25 June.

The United Nations (UN) is an international organization of states created to maintain and strengthen international peace, security, and development of cooperation between countries.

The name United Nations, proposed by United States President Franklin Roosevelt, was first used in the Declaration of the United Nations on January 1, 1942, when, during World War II, representatives of 26 states pledged on behalf of their governments to continue the joint struggle against the countries of the Nazi bloc.

The first contours of the UN were outlined at a conference in Washington, Dumbarton Oaks. At two series of meetings, held from September 21 to October 7, 1944, the United States, Great Britain, the USSR and China agreed on the goals, structure and functions of the world organization.

On February 11, 1945, after meetings in Yalta, the leaders of the USA, Great Britain and the USSR Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin declared their determination to establish "a universal international organization for the maintenance of peace and security."

On April 25, 1945, representatives from 50 countries met in San Francisco for the United Nations Conference to Establish an International Organization to draft the UN Charter.

Delegates from countries representing over 80% of the population gathered in San Francisco the globe. The Conference was attended by 850 delegates, and together with their advisers, the staff of delegations and the secretariat of the Conference, the total number of persons who took part in the work of the Conference reached 3,500. In addition, there were more than 2,500 representatives of the press, radio and newsreels, as well as observers from various societies and organizations. The San Francisco Conference was not only one of the most important in history, but in all probability the largest of any international meeting that has ever taken place.

On the agenda of the Conference were proposals worked out by the representatives of China, the Soviet Union, Great Britain and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks, on the basis of which the delegates were to work out a Charter acceptable to all states.

The charter was signed on June 26, 1945 by representatives of 50 countries. Poland, not represented at the Conference, signed it later and became the 51st Founding State.

The UN officially exists since October 24, 1945. - to this day, the Charter was ratified by China, France, Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and most of the other signatories. October 24 is celebrated annually as United Nations Day.

The preamble to the Charter refers to the determination of the peoples of the United Nations to "save succeeding generations from the scourge of war".

The goals of the UN, enshrined in its Charter, are the maintenance of international peace and security, the prevention and elimination of threats to peace, and the suppression of acts of aggression, the settlement or resolution by peaceful means of international disputes, the development of friendly relations between nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples; implementation international cooperation in the economic, social, cultural and humanitarian fields, the promotion and development of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion.

Members of the UN have committed to act in accordance with the following principles: sovereign equality states; settlement of international disputes by peaceful means; refusal to international relations from the threat or use of force against territorial integrity or the political independence of any state.

192 states of the world are members of the UN.

Principal organs of the UN:
- General Assembly The United Nations (UNGA) - the main deliberative body, consists of representatives of all UN member states (each of them has 1 vote).
- The UN Security Council operates permanently. Under the Charter, the Security Council is given primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. If all means of peaceful resolution of the conflict are used, the Security Council is competent to send observers or troops to the areas of conflicts to maintain peace in order to reduce tension and separate the troops of the warring parties.

Over the entire existence of the UN, the UN peacekeeping forces have carried out about 40 peacekeeping operations.
- The Economic and Social Council of the United Nations (ECOSOC) is mandated to conduct research and report on international affairs in the field of economic, social, culture, education, healthcare, human rights, ecology, etc., to give recommendations to the GA on any of them.
- International Court of Justice, Chief Judicial authority, formed in 1945, resolves legal disputes between states with their consent and gives advisory opinions on legal matters.
- The UN Secretariat was created to ensure proper conditions for the activities of the organization. The secretariat is headed by the chief administrative officer of the UN - the UN Secretary General (since January 1, 2007 - Ban Ki-moon (Korea).

The UN has a number of its own specialized agencies - international intergovernmental organizations on economic, social and humanitarian issues (UNESCO, WHO, FAO, IMF, ILO, UNIDO and others) associated with the UN, through ECOSOC, international agreements. Most members of the UN are members of the specialized agencies of the UN.

IN common system The UN also includes autonomous organizations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

The official languages ​​of the UN and its organizations are English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian and Spanish.

The UN headquarters is located in New York.

The UN is a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. In 2001, the prize "For Contribution to a Better World and Strengthening World Peace" was awarded jointly to the organization and its Secretary General Kofi Annanu. In 1988, the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Peacekeeping forces UN.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources