How to prepare for the exam in history? Exam features, requirements and recommendations. USE in history: we analyze tasks with a teacher Getting ready for the exam in history

Preparation for the OGE and the Unified State Examination

Secondary general education

Line UMK I. L. Andreev, O. V. Volobuev. History (10-11) (U)

Atlases and contour maps. Russian history. Historical and cultural standard

Line UMK Kiseleva-Popov. History of Russia (10-11)

Analysis of the exam in the history of 2017

How to successfully pass the exam in history? Of course, any person will say that you need to know history well, that is, to know the basic historical facts, terms, remember dates, names of historical figures, understand the cause-and-effect relationships of events and phenomena, have a good idea of the culture of our country in different periods of its development. Many schoolchildren perceive history as an endless collection of names and dates, and those who choose history as an exam subject are perceived as "weirdos - nerds."

In this article, it is not my task to convince skeptics by telling and proving how interesting and fascinating the story is. I want to help those who decide to take the exam by showing the reasoning behind the decision various tasks which will make the exam less "scary". In view of the fact that history is likely to become a mandatory subject for passing the exam, the article will be useful to many students. So let's get started.

Before us is a demonstration version of the USE 2017, compiled by FIPI. It has 25 tasks, of which the first 19 require a short answer in the form of numbers or words, and the next 6 require a detailed answer.

How to pass the exam and the OGE for 100 points: the secrets of teachers

Arrange historical events in chronological order. Write down the numbers that indicate historical events in correct sequence to the table.

1) Crimean War

2) the reform of Patriarch Nikon

3) fall Byzantine Empire

To solve this task, we, of course, need to know the dates, but since it does not require a comparison, but a chronological sequence, it becomes a little easier. The Crimean War, also known as Eastern in European historiography, was fought in the middle of the 19th century. ( 1853–1856). The reform of Patriarch Nikon was carried out in 50s of the XVII century., and the fall of the Byzantine Empire happened after the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 As you can see, the events are widely separated in time, and it is not difficult to restore the chronology.

Answer: 321.

Establish a correspondence between events and years: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Here again the dates, but more difficult - you need to accurately correlate with the event, and there are two more dates than events. However, the events are very famous, for those who chose history on the exam, for sure. The first mention of Moscow in the annals - 1147, Caribbean crisis - of course, Khrushchev and 1962, Battle of Borodino and Patriotic War 1812 known to anyone, Copper rebellion under the "Quiet" king - 1662

Answer: 2643.

Below is a list of terms. All of them, except two , refer to the events (phenomena) of the XIX century.

1) free cultivators; 2) ministries; 3) Decembrists;
4) June third coup; 5) justices of the peace; 6) Octobrists.

Find and write sequence numbers terms related to another historical period.

And here are the terms! Free cultivators appeared thanks to the decree of Alexander I 1803, ministries almost at the same time - in 1802, participants in the December uprising began to be called Decembrists 1825, the third of June coup is called abrupt change law on elections to the State Duma, adopted by Nicholas II without the consent of the Duma itself in 1907, magistrates appeared in Russia as a result of judicial reform 1864, and Octobrists were called members of the Union of October 17, created in 1905 According to the 19th century the June 3rd coup and the Octobrists are not included.

Answer

Write down the term you are talking about.
The main part of the territory of Russia, not included in the oprichnina by Ivan IV.

As is known, the period from 1565 to 1572. in the reign of Ivan the Terrible they are called oprichnina. Regarding the essence and motives of the oprichnina, historians do not have an agreed position, but there are no particular problems with describing it. Gone in the winter 1564 from Moscow, the tsar finally announced the conditions for his return to the throne: unlimited power, including the right to judge the boyars, and the division of the country into an "oprichnina" under the control of the tsar and a "zemshchina" under the control of the Boyar Duma.

Answer: land.
Establish a correspondence between processes (phenomena, events) and facts related to these processes (phenomena, events): for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
In this task, we need to compare the fact and the process. It is better to start from the fact, but since there are fewer facts than processes, we will go from the opposite.

A) The formation and development of the legislation of the Old Russian state is associated with the adoption of the "Russian Truth" in 11th century Firstly, this is the first written set of laws in Rus' (here is the formation), and, secondly, the Old Russian state existed until the beginning of fragmentation in 13th century, so the rest of the facts do not fit chronologically.

B) The reforms of the Chosen Council were carried out at the beginning of the reign of Ivan IV the Terrible. One of the first innovations was the convening of the first Zemsky Sobor in 1549 called the Cathedral of Reconciliation.

C) The policy of "enlightened absolutism", that is, an unlimited monarchy, formally based on the rule of law and declaring the main goal of achieving the welfare of the subjects, is strongly associated with the reign of Catherine II. The convening of the Legislative Commission (got its name because it had to adopt a new "code", that is, a set of laws) took place in 1767 it was during the reign of Catherine II, confident that the correct and modern laws help rapid development countries.

D) The first revolutionary transformations of the Bolsheviks were the decrees “On Peace” and “On Land”, adopted at the II Congress of Soviets in October 1917 after the overthrow of the Provisional Government. They allowed the Bolsheviks to gain broad popular support.

Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment, indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics, indicated by numbers.

FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES
A)	“The courts between which the Treaty of Paris is concluded ... together with other sovereigns and powers allied to them ... ordered their plenipotentiaries to draw up ... one main treatise and attach to it, as inseparable parts, all the other provisions of the congress. ... The Duchy of Warsaw, with the exception of those regions and districts, which are assigned a different appointment in the following articles, forever joins the Russian Empire. By virtue of its constitution, it will be inseparable from Russia and in the possession of His Majesty the Emperor of All Russia, his heirs and successors for all eternity. His Imperial Majesty intends to grant, at his own discretion, an internal structure to this state, which has to be under a special government. His Majesty, in accordance with the custom and order existing in the discussion of his other titles, will add to them the title of Tsar (King) of Poland.
	“His royal majesty of Svea yields this for himself and his descendants and heirs of the Svean throne and the kingdom of Svea to his royal majesty and his descendants and heirs Russian state into a perfect unconditional eternal confluence and property in this war, through his royal majesty the weapons from the crown of the Svei conquered provinces: Livonia, Estonia, Ingermanland and part of Karelia with the district of the Vyborg fief. ... Against the same, his royal majesty promises in 4 weeks after the exchange of ratifications of this peace treaty, or before, if possible, to return to his royal majesty and the crown of Sveiskaya ... The Grand Duchy of Finland ... "

CHARACTERISTICS

1) This agreement was signed in Berlin.

2) Under this agreement, Russia received access to the Baltic Sea.

3) This agreement was signed in Vienna.

4) A.L. was a contemporary of the signing of this agreement. Ordin-Nashchokin.

5) This agreement was signed following the results of the Northern War.

6) In the territory annexed to Russia under this agreement, in the early 1830s. there was a massive uprising.

The first fragment is part of the addendum to the Treaty of Paris, which is what is mentioned in the text. The Treaty of Paris was concluded between the countries of the anti-French coalition and France in 1814 after the first abdication of Napoleon. After that, the victorious powers left for a congress in Vienna decide the fate of Europe. They returned France to the old, pre-revolutionary borders, redrawn the borders of Europe liberated from Napoleon. Russia received the Duchy of Warsaw, which did not want to accept becoming part of the Russian Empire and rebelled more than once. The first major uprising took place in 1830-1831 gg.

The second fragment is part of the Nystadt peace treaty concluded between Russia and Sweden after the end of Northern war in 1721. This can be understood by the mention of Livonia, Estonia and Ingermanland - the Baltic lands that became part of Russia, which thus received access to the Baltic Sea.

Answer:

Which of the following applies to the New Economic Policy (1921–1928)? Choose three answers and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
1) approval of private ownership of land

2) the introduction of cost accounting at state enterprises

3) denationalization of heavy industry

4) the emergence of a credit and banking system and stock exchanges

5) the abolition of the state monopoly of foreign trade

6) introduction of concessions

NEP - new economic policy was accepted on X Congress of the RCP (b) in 1921 It was the time when the active and large-scale phase of the Civil War ended with the victory of the Reds. For the leader of the Bolsheviks V.I. Lenin, it became obvious that it was impossible to continue the mobilization policy of "war communism", which made it possible to supply the army and industry with resources during the war, but unacceptable for peacetime. It was necessary to move from forced labor and the official absence of commodity-money relations to normal economic relations. But the Soviet government could not completely move away from the Marxist axioms in the economy: state ownership of land, large enterprises, state foreign trade monopoly, etc., so the changes were half-hearted. Self-financing was introduced at state enterprises, the credit and banking system, stock exchanges and concessions were recreated.

Answer: 246.
Fill in the gaps in these sentences using the list of missing elements below: for each sentence marked with a letter and containing a gap, choose the number of the element you want.
A) ______________ conference of the "Big Three" was held in 1943.

B) One of the first rams in a night air battle was made by a Soviet pilot ____________, who shot down an enemy bomber on the outskirts of Moscow.

C) During the Battle of Kursk, the largest tank battle at ________________.

Missing items:

1) Yalta (Crimean)

2) N.F. Gastello

3) Prokhorovka station

4) Tehran

5) V.V. Talalikhin

6) Dubosekovo junction

It is difficult to suggest any logic for solving this task. Here you need to know the historical facts. Allied Conference of the Anti-Hitler Coalition in 1943 took place in Tehran(there is even a film "Tehran-43"). One of the first night rams was made by pilot V.V. Talalikhin did not die in it. Well, about the battle near the village of Prokhorovka during the Battle of Kursk, it’s a sin for a school graduate not to know.

Answer: 453.
Establish a correspondence between events and participants in these events: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
This task also requires knowledge historical facts Fortunately, they are quite famous. The battle on the ice is strongly associated with Alexander Nevsky. One of the main Russian commanders at the beginning Livonian War was Andrei Kurbsky, who fled from the disgrace of Ivan the Terrible to Lithuania. The closest associate of Peter I A.D. participated in the Battle of Poltava. Menshikov, Wrangel's army in the Crimea was defeated by one of the most famous Red commanders, M. Frunze.

Answer: 4356.
Read an excerpt from the memoirs and write the name of the author.
“I saw not only the futility, but also the harm of combining posts, and I even referred: “Imagine my position, I criticized Stalin for combining in one person two such responsible posts in the state and in the party, and now I myself ...” I put this question on court of historians. My weakness had an effect, or maybe the inner worm was undermining me, weakening my resistance. Even before I became the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Bulganin made a proposal to appoint me as the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. Moreover, in the Presidium of the Central Committee, military issues, the army, weapons belonged to my diocese. This happened without publication in the press and was decided in a purely internal way, in case of war. Inside the armed forces, the highest command staff was informed about this. ”

The text must be read very carefully. Excerpts are chosen for a reason, they will definitely contain a “beacon”. In this case we are talking about the post-Stalin period and the man who criticized Stalin, holding a very high position. Already a clear allusion to N.S. Khrushchev. Finally, we must be convinced by the title of the post he occupies - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Starting with L.I. Brezhnev, the head of the country was called General Secretary Central Committee of the CPSU.

Answer: Khrushchev.
USE in social studies: analysis of tasks with a teacher
Fill in the blank cells of the table using the list of missing elements below: for each gap marked with a letter, select the number of the required element.
Missing items:

1) the adoption of the US constitution

3) civil war in England

4) ending Hundred Years War

5) annexation of Crimea to the Russian Empire

8) the abolition of serfdom in Russia

9) speech by M. Luther with 95 theses, the beginning of the Reformation in Germany

In my opinion, this is one of the most difficult tasks. It requires knowledge of the dates of not only domestic, but also foreign history. The only indulgence is that there are options to choose from and you just need to specify the century. 19th century in the history of Russia is, of course, the abolition of serfdom ( 1861 G.). Vladimir Monomakh ruled, practically, before the very fragmentation, and this is the XII century. ( 1113–1125). Annexation of Pskov ( 1510), along with Ryazan and Smolensk, to the Principality of Moscow in early XVI V. completed the process of forming a unified Russian state. Around the same time ( 1517.) in Germany, the priest Martin Luther published his "95 Theses", which was the beginning of the Reformation. And at the end of the XVIII century. ( 1783) The Russian Empire annexed the Crimea, and in the English colonies in North America after the revolution and the war of liberation, the US constitution was adopted ( 1787).

Answer: 862951.
Read an excerpt from the commander's telegram.
“Everyone was perfectly aware that, given the situation and the actual leadership and direction domestic policy irresponsible public organizations, as well as the enormous corrupting influence of these organizations on the mass of the army, it will not be possible to recreate the latter, but, on the contrary, the army as such should fall apart in two or three months. And then Russia will have to conclude a shameful separate peace, the consequences of which would be terrible for Russia. The government took half measures, which, without correcting anything, only prolonged the agony, and, saving the revolution, did not save Russia. Meanwhile, the gains of the revolution could be saved only by saving Russia, and for this, first of all, it is necessary to create a real strong government and improve the rear. General Kornilov presented a number of demands, the implementation of which was delayed. Under such conditions, General Kornilov, not
pursuing no personal ambitious plans and relying on the clearly expressed consciousness of the entire healthy part of society and the army, which demanded the speedy creation of a strong government to save the Motherland, and with it the gains of the revolution, considered necessary more decisive measures that would ensure the establishment of order in the country ... "Using passage and knowledge of history, select three correct judgments from the list below.

Record in a table numbers under which they are listed.

1) The events described in the telegram took place in 1916.

2) The government referred to in the telegram was called SNK.

5) The Bolsheviks supported the actions of General Kornilov.

6) The "decisive measures" of General Kornilov, which are indicated in the telegram, were not carried out.

From this large and capacious text, you can make great amount conclusions, therefore it is better to act by the method of elimination, analyzing the proposed options.

1) – no, the described events took place in 1917 after the overthrow of the tsarist government, since the text refers to the management of politics by "irresponsible public organizations" (apparently, we are talking about the Provisional Government and the Soviets).

2) - no, SNK - the first Soviet government was created only in October 1917 at the Second Congress of Soviets, and judging by the text, at the time described, the "Kornilov rebellion" in August 1917 had not yet happened.

5) - no, the Bolsheviks did not support Kornilov, but opposed with all their might, since Kornilov directly threatened their existence.

6) - yes, the "decisive measures" of Kornilov, who was marching with troops on Petrograd, were not carried out. It was stopped by the combined forces of the Provisional Government and the Soviets.

Answer: 346.

Methodological assistance to a history teacher

Write the name of the commander-in-chief who carried out the campaign indicated by arrows on the diagram.
Before studying a map, you need to carefully read its legend.

We see that the Russian principalities are singled out separately. So, we are talking about a period of specific fragmentation. Besieged cities are marked. We read their names on the map: Kolomna, Moscow, Suzdal, etc. We compare the data: who during the period of fragmentation massively besieged Russian cities? Mongols. Who was their leader? Batu.

Answer: Baty.
Write the name of the city indicated by the number "1" on the diagram.
We know that during the first campaign of Batu to Rus', he defeated the cities of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus'. The capital, the city of Vladimir, was taken by storm in 1238 It is he who is indicated by the number 1 on the map. The city of Suzdal, located not far from it in the north, also helps us to determine this.

Answer: Vladimir.
Indicate the name of the city, indicated on the diagram by a number, where during the period of this campaign there was a republican form of government.
IN 13th century., and it was then that Batu's campaign took place, in almost all Russian principalities there was a monarchical form of government with minor differences. In Novgorod and Pskov, a republic was established, where the townspeople elected officials for themselves. The number 2 on the map marks Novgorod.

Answer: Novgorod.
What judgments related to the events indicated in the diagram are correct? Choose three sentences from the six offered. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
1) The conquerors invaded Rus' in the winter.

2) None of the cities captured by the conquerors survived the siege for more than one week.

3) Yam and Koporye were captured by the conquerors during the events indicated by arrows on the diagram.

4) One of the consequences of the events indicated in the diagram was the beginning of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state.

5) The conquerors, whose campaign is indicated by arrows on the diagram, invaded the borders of Rus' from the southeast.

6) The military leader, whose campaign is indicated on the diagram, is the founder of the state.

Again work with judgments.
1. - right, it was in the winter that the Mongols preferred to attack, since it was possible not to be afraid of mudslides and use the frozen rivers as roads.
2. - incorrectly, Kozelsk withstood a 49-day siege, for which it was nicknamed the "evil city" by the Mughals.
3. - incorrect, Batu did not even reach them. And besides, these cities belonged to the Novgorod land, and Novgorod managed to pay off the defeat.
4. - incorrect, fragmentation began more than 100 years before Batu's campaign.
5. - right, it is from the southeast, which is clear from the map.
6. - that's right, Batu founded the state of the Golden Horde, to which the Russian lands were subordinated.
Answer: 156.
Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Cultural issues are among the most difficult. Let's try to figure it out.

A) "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" was written by an unknown author, and for some time was considered a falsification. It describes the unsuccessful campaign of Prince Igor Novgorod-Seversky against the Polovtsians in the 12th century.

B) "Domostroy" - a collection of teachings and rules of conduct household, written by the priest Sylvester for the education of the young Tsar Ivan the Terrible, based on Novgorod instructive texts.

C) The painting "Boyar Morozova" was painted by Surikov. Boyarynya Morozova is a real historical character, one of the leaders of the church schism of the 17th century.

D) The novel "Quiet Flows the Don" was written by Sholokhov, who received the Nobel Prize for it in 1966.

Answer: 4365.

Learning to work with atlases and contour maps in history

What judgments about this brand are true? Choose two sentences from the five offered. Record in a table numbers under which they are listed.
1) The military figure depicted on the stamp was subjected to repression.

2) The military figure depicted on the stamp was born during the reign of Nicholas II in Russia.

3) The events depicted on the stamp by arrows took place during the First World War.

4) The military figure depicted on the stamp was a participant in the Great Patriotic War.

5) This stamp was issued during the leadership of the USSR N.S. Khrushchev.

In this task, it seems to me more convenient to find the right judgments without wasting time on analyzing all the proposed ones. On the stamp we see the image of Marshal Tukhachevsky, who was shot in 1937 The date is also on the stamp. 1963 relating to the reign of N.S. Khrushchev.

Answer: 15.
Which of the presented coins are dedicated to the anniversaries of the events that took place during the life of the military figure depicted on the stamp? Write in your answer two digits with which these coins are marked.

So, the first coin is dedicated to the victory in the Great Patriotic War in 1945. By this time, Tukhachevsky was dead. The second coin was issued in honor of the 170th anniversary of Russian railways. The road St. Petersburg - Tsarskoye Selo was opened in 1837, when the executed marshal was not yet born. The third one marks the 100th anniversary of Russian parliamentarism. Parliament ( The State Duma) was opened in 1906. Tukhachevsky was repressed at the age of 40 years old, respectively, he found the Duma. The USSR was created in 1922, which also refers to the time of Tukhachevsky's life.

Answer: 34.

From the resolution of the XIX All-Union Party Conference

“The 19th All-Union Party Conference ... states: the strategic course worked out by the party at the April Plenum of the Central Committee and the 27th Party Congress for the comprehensive and revolutionary renewal of Soviet society and the acceleration of its socio-economic development is steadily being put into practice. The country's slide into an economic and socio-political crisis has been suspended...

The process of improving the country's economy, its turn towards meeting the urgent needs of the people, has begun. New methods of management are gaining momentum. In accordance with the Law on state enterprise(association) there is a transfer of associations and enterprises to self-support and self-sufficiency. The law on cooperation was developed, widely discussed and adopted. New, progressive forms of internal production are coming into life. labor relations on the basis of a contract and lease, as well as individual labor activity. Perestroika underway organizational structures management, aimed at creating favorable conditions for the effective management of the primary links of the economy.

The work launched on the initiative of the Party made it possible to resume the growth of the real incomes of the working people. Practical measures are being taken to increase the production of food and consumer goods, and to expand housing construction. Education and health reforms are being carried out. Spiritual life is becoming a powerful factor in the progress of the country. Significant work has been done to rethink the current realities of world development, to renew and give dynamism to foreign policy. Thus, perestroika is entering deeper and deeper into the life of Soviet society, exerting an ever-increasing transformative influence on it.

Indicate the decade in which the events mentioned in the resolution took place. Indicate the name of the politician who was the leader of the country at the time when these events took place. Indicate the name of the period in the history of the USSR when this politician was the leader of the country.
This question again requires us to carefully read the text. The concepts mentioned in it, such as: “self-financing”, “Law on the state enterprise”, “cooperation”, “individual labor activity” and, most importantly, “perestroika”, allow us to determine the period - this 1980 - years. The state at that time was led by M.S. Gorbachev, and the period of his reign went down in history under the name "perestroika".
What directions of the internal policy of the CPSU and the state are named in the resolution? Specify any three directions.
We carefully read and see that the text mentions: 1) introduction of new methods of management, 2) education and health reforms, 3) expansion of housing construction.
What is the outcome of the implementation of the Party's strategic course under consideration? Invoking historical knowledge, indicate at least two reasons that led to such a result.
Despite the optimistic spirit that permeated the resolution of the party conference, things in the USSR were not so rosy. Spasmodic and often ill-conceived attempts to reform the Soviet economy, which even the party resolution called "sliding into a crisis", did not bring success. The result was an acute economic and socio-political crisis, ended with the collapse of the USSR.

The reasons for this large-scale, world-changing phenomenon are still being debated on different levels. This issue has a very strong political background. Differences between modern political parties and movements are often based on the attitude towards the collapse of the USSR. But we will try to be as objective and impartial as possible.

1) By the end of the 1980s, the Soviet planned economy had exhausted the resources for its development, it was unable to adequately respond to the changing economic situation and compete on an equal footing with the market economies of developed countries.

2) Despite the declared monolithic nature of the Soviet society, which united peoples with different cultural and social traditions, separatist tendencies matured within the USSR, encouraged by the political elites of the Union republics who wanted political independence.

USE in history: we analyze tasks with a teacher

many cities Ancient Rus' appeared on the banks of the rivers. Explain what were the advantages of this location of the city (give three explanations).
Cities on the banks of rivers arose in many countries for similar reasons:

1) water is necessary for man himself and for maintaining settled economy(water plants, water livestock);

2) rivers in Rus' were of paramount importance for trade. Not without reason, the main Russian cities were located on the waterway "from the Varangians to the Greeks."

3) the city, located on the banks of the river, has protection in the event of an attack by enemies from at least one side (strong walls will protect the others).
IN historical science there are debatable problems on which different, often contradictory points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view that exist in historical science.
"The domestic policy of Alexander III contributed to the progressive development of the social and economic spheres of public life."

Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can support this point of view, and two arguments that can refute it. When presenting arguments, be sure to use historical facts.

Write your answer in the following form.

Arguments to support:

Arguments in rebuttal:

Reign of Alexander III light hand one Petersburg journalist of the late 19th century. began to be called the “period of counter-reforms”, with a negative connotation, but even some Soviet historians, despite the generally negative attitude towards Alexander III, recognized that certain measures of his domestic policy had a positive impact on the development of the socio-economic development of Russian society.

Arguments to support:
1. Under Alexander III, active railway construction was carried out, including on public funds, which had a positive effect on economic development countries.
2. The formation of labor legislation began, which facilitated the working conditions of women and children.
Arguments in rebuttal:
1. A city "counter-reform" was carried out, which increased the property qualification for voters, which limited the social base of self-government bodies.
2. The institution of zemstvo chiefs was introduced, who had power over the peasant, similar to the power of the landowner over the serf.
You need to write historical essay about ONE of the periods of Russian history:
The essay must:

- indicate at least two significant events (phenomena, processes) related to a given period of history;

- name two historical figures whose activities are associated with the indicated events (phenomena, processes), and, using knowledge of historical facts, characterize the roles of the individuals you named in these events (phenomena, processes);

- indicate at least two cause-and-effect relationships that characterize the causes of the occurrence of events (phenomena, processes) that occurred in a given period;

- using knowledge of historical facts and (or) opinions of historians, evaluate the impact of events (phenomena, processes) given period on further history Russia.

In the course of the presentation, it is necessary to correctly use historical terms, concepts related to this period.

For writing the essay, I will choose the period from March 1801 to May 1812. - “the days of the Alexandrovs are a wonderful beginning,” as A.S. Pushkin in the poem "To the Censor". This is the time from the accession to the throne of Alexander I and, almost, until the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812.

It is not for nothing that the poet designated this era in this way. The young emperor was full of ideas of reforming Russia in order to bring it closer in terms of living standards to Western European countries. For this, according to Alexander I, it was necessary first of all to limit the autocracy and destroy the shameful serfdom. And, if even his educator with republican convictions, La Harpe, advised the tsar to limit the autocracy, then the first step towards the destruction of serfdom was made by the publication in 1803 of the decree “On free cultivators”. This decree, which became a compromise between the desire of Alexander I, if possible, to completely abolish serfdom and the fear of indignation of the nobles, allowed the landlords to release the serfs into freedom with land and for a ransom. Despite the small number of peasants liberated in this way, the significance of the decree is enormous. The emperor demonstrated to society his attitude towards serfdom, and, in addition, some of the provisions of the "Decree" were implemented in peasant reform 1861

The second person who determined the image of the era was M.M. Speransky. A native of the family of a village priest, thanks to his talents, he made a dizzying career, becoming, according to Emperor Alexander I, his right hand. In the first years of his reign, the emperor had not yet abandoned the idea of reforming the archaic Russian state system. Brilliantly educated, possessing an exceptionally deep mind, M.M. Speransky hatched grandiose plans for transforming the Russian system of government: limiting autocracy to elected legislature- The State Duma, the creation of the State Council, uniting all branches of government, granting civil rights to the entire population, which, in fact, made it impossible to implement serfdom. Only the creation of the State Council in 1810 was realized, and only with legislative functions. Yielding to the pressure of the “high society”, who hated the upstart reformer and accused him of having ties with Napoleon, Alexander I sent M.M. Speransky into exile. His mind and transformative plans in given time turned out to be unclaimed, and this slowed down the development of the statehood of our country. Many ideas of M.M. Speransky will be implemented, but only a century later and under the pressure of the first Russian revolution. There will be a State Duma and civil rights for the population, but it's too late.

Students in grades 10 and 11 are thinking about where they will go after graduation, what subjects they will need to take to enter a higher educational institution, and how best to prepare for the exam in history, mathematics, Russian language and physics.

Most of the students belong to the humanities, which means that, in addition to the Russian language, they pass social studies, literature and history. However, preparation for these subjects is no easier than an exam in physics or chemistry, so it is worth knowing a few important points in order to successfully pass the exam.

What are the features?

How to prepare for the exam in history? Every year the structure of assignments in various subjects, including history, changes, but the essence remains the same. For example, considering the features of the history exam in 2017, it is worth noting that it will consist of 2 parts and 25 tasks, where 19 questions need to be given a short answer, and 6 - a detailed one. All tasks have their own level of difficulty: from basic to high, each is assessed by points.

For a correct answer to a simple question, you can get 1 point (for example, for the first task), and for a complete, correct and detailed answer last questions list (for example, for task 25) you can get from 1 to 11 points, so it is important to understand how to properly prepare for the exam in history.

4 hours are allotted to complete the entire examination paper, and the student needs to correctly allocate his time, spending on simple questions from 1 minute to 7, and for complex ones - up to 40-60 minutes.

Features of preparation for the second part in history

Separately, it is worth noting that the second part of the history exam is more difficult and requires a detailed answer to the question. It will not be enough to know the exact date of the event, the student will be required to reason on various topics, so it is important to decide how to prepare for the exam in history.

For example, you need to analyze a specific event or problem. To do this, it is necessary to identify historical facts and phenomena, point to historical objects, draw a causal relationship, compare objects or processes, and draw a definite conclusion.

The second part of the exam requires a long and special preparation, a deep knowledge of history with the points of view of several experts and the expression of one's opinion.

How long do you need to prepare for the exam in history

The questions that come up on the exam can be very different, including topics that were covered in the 5th or 6th grade (for example, about Ancient Egypt, Greece or Rome). Therefore, you need to give yourself the installation that we are preparing for the exam in history from scratch, studying the most ancient worlds. It is recommended to start in the 10th grade in order to slowly work through all the issues: read the information, solve various tests, complete assignments.

Before you start studying, you should draw up a work plan, create chronological table, where important dates and events will be recorded, which may be a hint for repeating the material covered.

In the process of studying a certain period, it is recommended to look for information not only from the textbook. A good addition to gaining knowledge will be watching documentary film or listening to a report by a famous scientist.

If preparation for the exam begins only in the 11th grade, then it is more than likely that there will be no time left for an in-depth study of the subject. Then the material should be divided into big periods in which it is important to remember the main events, key persons, wars and reforms.

What are the ways to prepare

Each student knows that Someone is able to study independently and does not need extraneous control. Someone remembers the material better if they study with a tutor. Before you start preparing for the exam, decide how you feel comfortable studying the subject and what result you expect in the end. Some will suit minimum score, others need a high grade, for which it is better to prepare for the exam with a teacher.

In any case, you need to read, constantly solve tests, watch movies. You can work through the tasks of past years, which are publicly available on the Internet. This will help to understand their structure, determine your level of knowledge and evaluate your own training.

Preparing for the exam in history from scratch on our own

Independent learning requires some effort, faith in your knowledge and the ability to properly allocate time. Before you start studying the material, you need to understand how to prepare for the exam in history, stock up on textbooks, geographical maps, tests, notebook and pen.

The next step is to determine how much time it will take to study a topic where it is important not only to read, but also to carefully analyze the information received, comparing it with a map of the time being studied, writing out important dates, names and events. Then you can take a test that will help consolidate knowledge.

You do not need to memorize all the dates in a row, because it is unrealistic to remember all of them. It is important to create a system by linking dates to periods of history and key personalities that figured at that time. Such associative memory will help to remember the material much more and more widely.

Using time management in preparation

Time management is the science of time management, which can be used both at work and in life, in particular, when preparing for exams. You can use different techniques, but they all come down to a few simple rules:

If you have to analyze a large topic, then it is better to break it into several small ones, which will allow you to study it deeper and more thoughtfully.
It is worth doing it “correctly”, measuring, for example, 30 minutes for mastering the material. Even if during this time it was not possible to study the entire topic, then you should definitely take a break for 5 minutes, and then, after a short rest, continue learning again.
It is definitely recommended to create a working mood, for example, to settle in a place where the topic is best remembered. Not everyone can study while lying on the couch or listening to music. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a desktop where books, notebooks with pens and cards will lie.

Basic Mistakes

All students make certain mistakes in preparing for the exam, but they can be avoided if you approach the study of the subject correctly. Let this be the history of Russia. We prepare for the exam and do not make common mistakes.

You should not start preparing a week before the exam, even if you need to score minimal amount points. When reading all the material in a few days, memory will retain little information.

If you just read the materials on history, without fixing them, then, most likely, most of them will be forgotten. Therefore, after studying the topic, you can take a test on the topic studied or ask friends or parents to ask specific questions, and you give detailed answers.

If you start preparing for the exam in advance, you should not study all day first, and then take a break for several days. Spend 2 hours every day, and the information will be easier to digest.

Explanatory note

The course program is designed for students in grade 11, motivated to pass the entrance exam to the university in USE form.

The need to develop this program is due to the requests of students in understanding the strategy of action in preparation for the unified state exam.

The USE tasks contain questions that traditionally cause difficulties for a relatively large number of students, ignoring this fact leads to shortcomings and errors in the answers.

The curriculum consists of 13 sections:

Rus' in the 9th - early 12th centuries.
Russian lands and principalities in the 12th - mid-15th centuries.
The Russian State in the Second Half of the 15th – 17th Centuries.
Culture of the peoples of our country from ancient times to the end of the 17th century.
Russia in the 18th – mid-19th centuries.
Russia in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries.
Russian culture in the XVIII - early XX century.
Soviet Russia - USSR in 1917–1941
Russia in 1941-1945
Russia in 1945-1991
1917-2013. culture
Russia in 1992-2013
Work with part "C" of the exam in history.

Requirements for the level of preparation of graduates for the exam in history, formed in the classroom

Know (understand):

main dates, stages and key events in the history of Russia and the world from antiquity to the present day;
outstanding figures of national and world history;
the most important achievements of culture and the system of values formed in the course of historical development;
studied types of historical sources

Be able to :

correlate the dates of events in national and world history with the century;
determine the sequence and duration major events national and general history;
use data from historical and modern sources when answering questions, solving various learning objectives; compare evidence from different sources;
show on the historical map the territories of the settlement of peoples, the borders of states, cities, places of significant historical events;
talk about the most important historical events and their participants, showing knowledge of the necessary facts, dates, terms;
give a description of historical events and cultural monuments based on text and illustrative material, fragments of historical sources;
use the acquired knowledge in planning and writing creative works(including essays);
correlate general historical processes and individual facts;
identify the essential features of historical processes, phenomena and events;
group historical phenomena and events according to a given attribute;
explain the meaning of the historical concepts and terms
identify the commonality and differences of compared historical events and phenomena;
determine the causes and consequences of major historical events;
explain their attitude to the most significant events and personalities in the history of Russia and world history, the achievements of domestic and world culture

Introduction to political science: a book for high school students / G. S. Gadzhiev - M., 1999.
History of Russia XX-beginning of the XXI century. Grade 11. / Levandovsky A. A., Shchetinov Yu. A., Mironenko S. V. - M., 2011.
Russian history. From ancient times to early XXI V. In 2 volumes. / edited by A. N. Sakharov - M., 2003.
State and Church in Russia. XX century. / Odintsov M.I. - M., 1994.

AND Internet - resources

1. http://www.mon.ru . gov.ru – official website of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
2. http://www.fipi.ru – portal of the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements
3. http://www.school.edu.ru – Russian educational portal
4. http://www.elibrary.ru/defaultx.asp – scientific electronic library 5.http://www.standart.edu.ru – state educational standards of the second generation

Curriculum for preparing for the exam in history.

	Name of sections and topics.	Number of hours	Homework	Plan.	Fact
	SECTION 1. Rus' in the IX - early XII century.
	1.1. The peoples on the territory of Russia until the middle of the 1st millennium BC. Eastern Slavs: resettlement, neighbors, occupations, social order. Paganism 1.2. Novgorod and Kyiv are the centers of ancient Russian statehood. Formation of the Old Russian state 1.3. Vladimir I. Baptism of Rus'. Yaroslav the Wise. "Russian Truth". Vladimir Monomakh
	Test solution		Solve 1 option
	SECTION 2. Russian lands and principalities in the XII - the middle of the XV century.
	2.1. Political fragmentation of Rus' 2.2. The struggle against external aggression in the XIII century. Mongol conquest. Expansion from the West. Alexander Nevskiy 2.3. The struggle against external aggression in the XIII century. Mongol conquest. Expansion from the West. Alexander Nevskiy 2.4. The beginning of the unification of Russian lands. Ivan Kalita. Dmitry Donskoy. Battle of Kulikovo 2.5. The role of the church in the public life of Rus'. Sergius of Radonezh		Repeat the main dates, concepts
	Test solution		Solve option 2
	SECTION 3. The Russian state in the second half of the 15th - 17th centuries.
	3.1. The overthrow of the Golden Horde yoke. Ivan III. Completion of the unification of Russian lands. The formation of the authorities of the Russian state. Sudebnik 1497 3.2. Ivan IV the Terrible. Establishment of royal power. Reforms of the middle of the XVI century. Zemsky cathedrals. Oprichnina. Expansion of the territory of the state (accession of the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates, Western Siberia) 3.3. Time of Troubles. Struggle against foreign expansion. K. Minin. D. Pozharsky 4.4. Russia under the first Romanovs. Cathedral code of 1649. Legal registration of serfdom. Church split. Nikon and Habakkuk 3.4. Foreign policy Russia in the 17th century The entry of Left-bank Ukraine into Russia		Repeat the main dates, concepts
	Test solution		Solve 3 options
SECTION 4. Culture of the peoples of our country from ancient times to the end of the 17th century.
	4.1. The formation of ancient Russian culture: folklore, writing, painting, architecture. Formation of the culture of the Russian state. Chronicle. Andrei Rublev. Typography. Ivan Fedorov		Repeat the main dates, concepts
	Test solution		Repeat
	Test "Russia in the IX-XVII centuries."		Repeat
SECTION 5. Russia in the 18th – mid-19th centuries
13-15	5.1. Changes in the first quarter of the 18th century Peter I. Absolutism. Creation of a regular army and navy. North War 5.2. Palace coups. Expansion of the rights and privileges of the nobility 5.3. Enlightened absolutism of Catherine II. Formation of the estate system 5.4. Alexander I. Domestic and foreign policy 5.5. Domestic and foreign policy of Nicholas I.		Repeat the main dates, concepts
	Test solution		Repeat
SECTION 6. Russia in the second half of the XIX-beginning. 20th century
17-19	6.1. Domestic and foreign policy of Alexander II. Abolition of serfdom 6.2. Domestic and foreign policy of Alexander III. 6.3. social movements second half of XIX V. 6.4. Domestic and foreign policy of Alexander III 6.5. Aggravation of social contradictions in the conditions of modernization. Revolution 1905–1907 The State Duma		Repeat the main dates, concepts
	Test solution		Solution 4 option
SECTION 7. Russian culture in the XVIII - early XX century.
	7.1. Science and education. M.V. Lomonosov. N.I. Lobachevsky. DI. Mendeleev. Literature and art.		Repeat the main dates, concepts
	Test solution		Repeat
SECTION 8. Soviet Russia - USSR in 1917–1941
23-24	8.1. Revolution in Russia in 1917 Fall of the monarchy. Provisional Government and Soviets. 8.2. Civil War. Red and white. "War Communism" 8.3. New economic policy. Formation of the USSR 8.4. Industrialization. The collectivization of agriculture. Fundamental changes in the spiritual life. 8.5. USSR in the system international relations in the 1920s–1930s		Repeat the main dates, concepts
	Test solution		Repeat
SECTION 9. Russia in 1941-1945
26-27	9.1. USSR in World War II. The beginning, stages and major battles of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945. Battle for Moscow. Battle of Stalingrad. Battle of Kursk. A turning point in the course of the war 9.2. Soviet rear during the war years. Partisan movement. USSR in the anti-Hitler coalition 9.3. Results of the Great Patriotic War. Soviet generals. G.K. Zhukov. Post-war reconstruction of the economy		Repeat the main dates, concepts
	Test solution		Repeat
SECTION 10. Russia in 1945-1991
29-31	10.1. "Thaw". XX Congress of the CPSU. N.S. Khrushchev 10.2. "Stagnation". L.I. Brezhnev. Crisis of the Soviet system 10.3. Foreign policy of the USSR in 1945–1980s. Cold War. Discharge 10.4. Perestroika. Contradictions and failures of the "acceleration" strategy. Democratization political life. M.S. Gorbachev		Repeat the main dates, concepts
	Test solution		Solution 5 option
SECTION 11. Russia in 1917-2013 culture
	11.1. Socialist realism in literature and art. Achievements Soviet education, science and technology		Repeat the main dates, concepts
SECTION 12. Russia in 1991-2013
35-36	12.1. Formation of the Russian Federation as a sovereign state. B.N. Yeltsin. Transition to market economy. Adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation 12.2. Russian Federation in 2000 - to the present: the main trends in the socio-economic and socio-political development of the country in present stage. V.V. Putin. YES. Medvedev		Repeat the main dates, concepts
37-38	Working out tasks of parts A and B.		Repeat
SECTION 13. Working with part "C" of the exam in history
39-42	13.1. Working with the source. The ability to characterize the authorship, time and purpose of creating the source. Ability to search historical information(tasks C1-C2 in the exam in history) 13.2. The ability to use the principles of structural-functional, temporal and spatial analysis in the consideration of facts, phenomena, processes (tasks C3-C4 in the exam in history) 13.3. The ability to formulate one's own position on the issues under discussion (tasks C5 in the exam in history) 13.4. The ability to present the results of historical and educational activities in a free form with a focus on the given parameters of activity (tasks C 6 in the exam in history)		Repeat the main dates, concepts
43-44	KIM solution		Repeat the main dates, concepts
45-46	Work on mistakes		Repeat
	Trial USE

MBOU "Kamskoustinskaya secondary school"

Work plan in preparation for the exam in history

teachers 1 qualification category

Varfolomeeva Larisa Alexandrovna

for 2017-2018 academic year

Target: To identify and improve the level of training of graduates in history for the final certification in the form of the Unified State Examination

Tasks:

To acquaint students with the actions of USE participants in the preparation and conduct of the USE; -teach students to fill out registration forms and answers to the USE participant;

Assess and correct knowledge of historical facts: dates, places, participants and results of the most important historical events, as well as historical names and terms;

To form students' ideas about the assessment of historical events and phenomena and skills appraisal activities;

To teach students to independently extract information from a historical source, apply it to solve cognitive problems;

Develop the skills of historical explanation (discovering the causes, consequences of events, identifying common and different in them, determining the nature, classifications, etc.);

Today, in connection with the introduction of the Unified State Examination, the history teacher faces a problem: how to organize training in order to achieve the goal and solve the tasks set in the educational standard in history and social science and prepare graduates for the Unified State Examination? I, like many other teachers, had to revise and rebuild the system for preparing students for final certification. This work was connected with a deep analysis of my pedagogical experience, attempts to extract from it what could be useful in modern conditions and the rejection of what is clearly outdated. Practice shows. The main condition for the successful passing of the exam is the interest of the student. The fact is that the exam is conducted in the form of tests. To pass these tests, you need to have certain skills.A person who has never solved tests in the form in which they are proposed in the USE assignments, one can say, who has not “gotten a hand” in solving them, can get a low score.Therefore, every teacher is simply obliged to help children master the skills necessary to pass the USE tests.A person will achieve a result only by doing something himself ... (Alexander Pyatigorsky, Russian philosopher).

These words can be attributed both to the activity of the student and to the activity of the teacher. It is necessary for the teacher to start with systematic, purposeful work in preparation for the final certification.

Key principles leading to successful passing the exam, the following can be considered:

1. The most important point preparation for the exam is the work on students' understanding of the wording of the question andthe ability to answer a specific question. In the process of this work, it is recommended to use various exercises, the essence of which is the analysis of the wording of the question and the selection of the correct answer, i.e. corresponding to this wording.

2. For the successful completion of USE tasks, constant training in solving these tasks is needed.The more students solve the USE tasks of past years, tests from various textbooks, tasks invented by the teacher himself, the more experience they will have, and the less possible unpleasant surprises they will expect during the exam.

3. great attention should be givenanalysis of the tasks that caused the greatest difficulty. To do this, the teacher, if possible, should analyze all the works written by the students and highlight the most difficult tasks, analyze them in the lesson with the students, find similar tasks (by topic and type) and practice their solution with the children.

4. It is very important that children learn one simple truth: preparation forThe exam is hard work, the result will be directly proportional to the time spent on active preparation for the exam(i.e., to such preparation, when all distractions are practically eliminated and all attention is paid only to preparation). This truth seems banal. But, believe the experience, in order to successfully prepare for the exam, students must understand very well the complexity and importance of preparing for this exam.

5. 2-3 months before the exam, the intensity of the preparation should, apparently, reach its peak. At this time, the children should write some control works based on the exam, you need to engage with them in an active repetition of the most difficult topics. A month before the exam, such hard work should stop - students need to be given time to prepare psychologically for the exam.

6. When solving tests (in Part I), one should not neglect intuition if there is not enough knowledge. Very often, it is the intuitively obtained answer, and not the one based on fuzzy knowledge, that turns out to be correct. Intuition, as a rule, prompts the correct answer as soon as a person has read the task, so you need to change the answer only if the student remembered the material and is absolutely sure that his original answer was wrong.

The work of students within the framework of this course should lead them to understand that the following knowledge and skills in the history of Russia are tested in the exam in the form of the Unified State Examination:

Chronological knowledge and ability to work with chronology;

Knowledge of historical facts and the ability to work with facts;

Ability to work with a historical source;

Ability to work with a historical map;

The ability to analyze and explain historical material (correlate individual facts and general phenomena, classify historical events and phenomena according to a certain attribute, etc.)

Internet - resources for preparing for the exam

MultiLex Online: electronic dictionaries online

Big encyclopedic and historical dictionaries online http://www.edic.ru

Wikipedia: free multilingual encyclopedia

Megaencyclopedia of the Cyril and Methodius portal

Site of information support of the Unified State Exam in computer form

www. ctege.ru. Site of information support of the Unified State Examination.

www/testonline.rustest.ru

www. suit.rustest.ru

Literature for preparing for the exam in history

History of Russia: all topics for preparing for the exam / I.I. Bablenkova, V.V. Akimov and others - M .: Eksmo, 2014

History of Russia. Unified State Examination 2015 Entrance tests. Teaching aid. - Rostov. Legion, 2015

Story. Preparation for the Unified State Exam-2016: teaching aid / edited by O.G.Veryaskina.-Rostov. Legion

USE. 2016.History.Typical assignments./E.A.Gevurkova et al.-M.6 Eksmo.2016

The optimal bank of tasks for preparing students for the Unified State Examination.2016.History. Textbook / E.A. Gevurkova et al. - M .: Intellect-center. 2016

Story. Preparation for the Unified State Examination: analysis of a historical source (assignments s1-3) Grades 10-11 teaching aid. -Rostov. Legion, 2012

Story. Preparation for the Unified State Exam-2016: teaching aid / edited by O.G.Veryaskina.-Rostov. Legion, 2016

Story. Training tasks of increased complexity to prepare for the exam. Work with historical documents / author-compiler N.A. Grigoryeva and others - Volgograd. Teacher 2005.

Getting ready for the exam in the history of Russia.-M.Iris-Press 2016

USE 2016 History. Universal materials for preparing students. FIPI.-M.: Intellect-center..2016.

Thematic planning for USE history

date

plan

date

fact

Introduction. Unified state exam in history: the structure and content of the examination paper. Introductory testing.

6.10

general characteristics Parts 1 and 2 assignments.

13.10

Part 1 task specifics

20.10

Prehistory of the peoples of Russia

27.10

Eastern Slavs in the VI - IX centuries. and their neighbors. Formation of the Old Russian state.

3.11

Kievan Rus at the end of the 9th - at the beginning of the 12th century.

10.11

Rus' Specific

17.11

Culture of Rus' 9-12 centuries

24.11

Rus' in 13-15 centuries

1.12

Russia in the 16th century

8.12

Russian culture in the XIV-XVI centuries.

15.12

Russia in the 17th century after the Time of Troubles

22.12

Culture of Russia in the 17th century

25.12

12.01

Solution of variants of examination tasks

19.01

26.01

Online testing

2.02

Russia in the first half of the 18th century

9.02

Russia in the second half of the 18th century

16.02

Russian culture 18th century

2.03

Russia in the first half of the 19th century

9.02

Russia in the second half of the 19th century

16.02

Culture of Russia in the 19th century

23.02

Russia in 1900 - 1916

6.04

Russia in 1917 - 1922

13.04

Soviet Russia, USSR in 1920 - 1930

20.04

27-28

The Great Patriotic War

In the second lesson, writing task 25

27.04

4.05

USSR in 1945 - 1991

11.05

Solution of variants of examination tasks

18.05

Rehearsal exam in the USE format

25.05

Testing in the USE format

June

Testing in the USE format

June

A map of individual achievements is created for each student.

At the end of a large block of historical time, a test is held.

The teacher works at the request of the student - the work may vary depending on the severity of the historical material.

Action algorithm self-study for graduates in preparation for the final certification in the form of the Unified State Examination and the GIA in history.

1. Check out the demo (www. ). The demo version is updated every year, so check out the document last year on the specified site and get the right idea about the examination paper.

2. Complete the demo tasks by checking your own answers with the answers provided in the demo. Count the points, determine if there was enough time to complete the work.

This will give you an idea of the difficulty of the job.

3. Identify gaps in your knowledge - these can be sections, topics, individual issues. This will help answer the question: “can I successfully pass the exam, do I have sufficient knowledge of the subject, what topics are problematic?”.

4. Start preparing for the exam. Preparation should be systematic, not piecemeal, and require sufficient time. It takes place in the lessons, additional classes: for example, choosing an elective course for additional training for an exam or for self-study. Of no small importance is the general erudition of the student, it is much easier to successfully pass the exam for someone who reads a lot, is interested in modern problems of public life, and analyzes information from various media.

5. Get acquainted with the specification of the examination paper (www. ). It determines the structure and content of the work, it shows the format of the work: the number of parts, tasks, the level of complexity of the tasks, the skills being tested, total points, time allotted to complete the work, etc. From this document you can find out how many and what tasks make up the examination paper.

6. Pick up literature: textbooks - one main, two additional; Benefits - standard options test items(developed by FIPI specialists), reference books.

7. Analyze the codifier (www. ). Repeat the main content of the course, key concepts, focusing on the content elements presented in the codifier.

8. Use reference notes, diagrams, tables. They will help bring your knowledge into the system and repeat the course content.

9. Turn Special attention to sections where you identified gaps in your own knowledge. If you're having trouble, ask your teachers for advice.

10. Get a notebook-dictionary, where you write down the definitions of the most complex terms, concepts, theoretical positions.

11. After repeating the material, first get acquainted with the examples of tasks of parts A and B. Use the manuals developed by the specialists of the FIPI (Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements).

12. Practice by completing several options for tasks. So you can once again test your knowledge of the subject.

13. Finding errors in your answers, go back to the supporting notes, diagrams, tables, dictionary.

14. After repeating the content, correct your mistakes, gaps.

15. Complete a few more options for tasks, stopping only at the tasks of Part I. This will provide confidence that key content issues are mastered.

16. Move on to the most difficult part of the work - Part II. Get acquainted with examples of tasks of the second part of the work and proceed to their implementation.

17. Use memos that will help you understand the purpose of each task, identify models of conditions, and develop a solution algorithm.

18. Before the exam, look again at your notes, reference notes, diagrams, tables, repeat the terms. If necessary, practice additionally in solving tasks of all parts of the work.

19. If you meet difficult tasks, unfamiliar concepts and terms, seek advice from the teacher.