MINISTRY OF EDUCATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN

STATE AUTONOMOUS EDUCATIONAL

INSTITUTION

SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

TUIMAZINSKY STATE LEGAL COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF LEGAL DISCIPLINES

Stationary social service

the elderly and the disabled

COURSE WORK

SHAPILOVA NATALIA ALEKSANDROVNA

52 SOCIAL WORK

SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR:

Minikhanova N.I.

TEACHER

SOCIAL WORK WITH THE ELDERLY AND THE DISABLED

TUIMAZY 2012

Introduction

The system of stationary social services for the elderly and disabled

Institutions of inpatient social services for the elderly and disabled

Stationary social services

Conclusion

List of sources and literature

Introduction

In modern socio-economic conditions, one of the most important tasks social policy is to support and social protection of disabled people, veterans, elderly citizens, as well as interrelated organizational, legal, socio-economic conditions for the implementation of measures to improve their situation and strengthen social security, taking into account the current demographic and socio-economic situation

Stationary social services include measures to create for the elderly and disabled citizens the most adequate living conditions for their age and health status, rehabilitation measures of a medical, social and medical-labor nature, provision of care and medical assistance, organization of their recreation and leisure.

The problems of stationary social services for the elderly and disabled are very relevant in our time, because stationary institutions for the elderly and disabled are poorly responsive to numerous reforms. Nursing homes perform their functions, focusing more on their own interests than on the interests of the people using their services. Funds from the federal and local budgets are chronically lacking, the number of those who need to be placed in such institutions seriously exceeds the number of places that can accept those who wish. Thus, the situation of boarding schools for the elderly and disabled remains very serious.

The degree of development and theoretical and methodological basis of the study. Various aspects of this problem were considered in the works of domestic scientists and authors: S.A. Filatova, S.A. Sushchenko E.I. Kholostova, R. S. Yatsemirskaya, and others.

The work of stationary social institutions is one of the priority areas that determine contemporary politics states. This is evidenced by legal acts reflecting the issues of professional activity social work for the elderly and disabled:

Decree of the Ministry of Labor and Social. protection of the population of the Russian Federation dated 08.08.2002 No. 54;

"Federal List of State-Guaranteed Social Services Provided to Elderly and Disabled Citizens by State and Municipal Social Service Institutions".

The results of our analysis of the scientific literature and legal documents showed that the measures taken on this problem are insufficient and require further development and research.

The problem and its relevance determined the topic of our study: "Social inpatient care for the elderly and disabled."

The object of research is the process of stationary social service for the elderly and disabled.

The subject of the research is stationary social services for the elderly and disabled.

The purpose of the study is to study the features of inpatient social services for the elderly and disabled.

The following tasks follow from this goal:

to study the system and principles of stationary social services for the elderly and disabled;

to characterize the institutions of stationary social services;

consider stationary social services;

Research methods. To solve the tasks and verify the initial provisions, a set of complementary research methods was used: analysis, special, pedagogical, psychological, legal literature, legal documents; praximetric (study and generalization of the experience of professional activity of social work).

Theoretical significance of the study. The results of the study expand the scientific understanding of the basic principles of the activities of a social worker. The essential characteristics of the individual concepts of the study will form the basis for the subsequent theoretical understanding of the problem under study. The results of the theoretical study will expand the scientific understanding of social work with the elderly and disabled.

The material for the theoretical study was systematized on the basis of legal documents of social workers, scientific, methodological and special literature.

The structure of the work corresponds to the logic of the study and consists of an introduction, the main part, which includes three independent paragraphs, a conclusion, and a list of references.

Stationary social service system

Stationary social services are aimed at providing comprehensive social and household assistance to elderly citizens and the disabled, who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and who, for health reasons, need constant care and supervision.

Stationary social services for elderly citizens and the disabled are carried out in stationary institutions (departments) of social services, profiled in accordance with their age, state of health and social status.

Elderly citizens and people with disabilities who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and need constant outside care, from among the especially dangerous recidivists released from places of deprivation of liberty and other persons who are subject to administrative supervision in accordance with the current legislation, as well as elderly citizens and disabled people who have previously been convicted or repeatedly brought to administrative responsibility for disturbing public order, engaged in vagrancy and begging, who are sent from the institutions of the internal affairs bodies, in the absence of medical contraindications and, at their personal request, are accepted for social services in special stationary social service institutions in the manner , determined by the executive authorities of the subjects Russian Federation.

Elderly citizens and disabled people living in stationary social service institutions and constantly violating the procedure for living in them established by the Regulations on the social service institution may, at their request or by a court decision made on the basis of a recommendation from the administration of these institutions, be transferred to special stationary social service institutions. service .

The entire range of social services is received by citizens living in stationary institutions, from medical care to social and labor rehabilitation. Taking into account age, state of health and some other factors, different types institutions: boarding schools for the elderly and disabled, boarding houses for labor veterans, neuropsychiatric boarding schools, orphanages and shelters, etc.

Citizens of retirement age, as well as disabled people of the 1st and 2nd groups over 18 years of age who do not have able-bodied children or parents legally obliged to support them, are admitted to stationary institutions for the elderly and disabled. As a matter of priority, disabled people and participants in the Great Patriotic War, family members of the dead military personnel, as well as deceased disabled people and war veterans. If there are vacant places, temporary residence of these persons is allowed for a period of 2 to 6 months.

One of the indispensable conditions for admission is voluntariness, therefore, paperwork is carried out only if there is a written application from a citizen, and persons under 14 years of age and persons recognized as legally incompetent, - a written application from their legal representatives. At any time, a citizen can refuse stationary services and leave it.

Bacterio - or virus carriers, chronic alcoholics, patients with active forms of tuberculosis, severe mental disorders, venereal and others infectious diseases from among the elderly citizens and the disabled may be denied the provision of social services at home on the basis of a joint conclusion of the authority social protection(administration of the municipal center of social services) and the medical advisory commission of the healthcare institution.

Persons living in stationary institutions have the right to: living conditions in accordance with sanitary and hygienic requirements; care, primary health care and dental care; free specialized medical and prosthetic and orthopedic care; voluntary participation in the medical and labor process, taking into account medical recommendations; free visits by a notary, a lawyer, relatives and other persons; preservation of the residential premises occupied under a contract of employment or lease in the houses of the state, municipal and public housing stock for 6 months from the date of admission to the hospital, etc.

The hospital administration is obliged to: observe human and civil rights; ensure the inviolability of the person and the safety of citizens; provide spouses with an isolated living space for joint residence; ensure the possibility of unhindered reception of visitors at any time; ensure the safety of things; provide the opportunity to use telephone and postal communications in accordance with established tariffs, etc.

According to the resolution “On the procedure for the participation of elderly citizens and disabled people living in stationary social service institutions, in medical labor activity(approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 26, 1995 N 1285):

The main objectives of the medical and labor activities of elderly citizens and disabled people living in stationary social service institutions (hereinafter referred to as citizens, stationary institutions, respectively) are occupational therapy and improving the general health of citizens, their labor training and retraining for the purpose of mastering new profession in accordance with their physical capabilities, medical indications and other circumstances.

The involvement of citizens in medical and labor activities is carried out on a voluntary basis, taking into account their state of health, interests, desires and on the basis of the conclusion of a doctor of a stationary institution (for the disabled - in accordance with the recommendations of the medical and labor expert commission).

In stationary institutions, various types of medical and labor activities are organized, differing in their nature and complexity and corresponding to the capabilities of citizens with different levels of intelligence, physical defects, and residual working capacity. Therapeutic labor activity can also be organized in the form of work in subsidiary farms of stationary institutions.

Therapeutic and labor activities of citizens in stationary institutions are carried out by labor instructors and instructors for training workers in accordance with schedules and individual rehabilitation programs.

Specialists and workers may be involved to perform the work necessary for the organization of medical and labor activities.

The duration of medical and labor activity of citizens should not exceed 4 hours a day.

For each citizen participating in medical and labor activities, a doctor of a stationary institution maintains an individual card of medical and labor activities.

The determination of the type and duration of medical and labor activity is carried out by a doctor of a stationary institution specifically for each citizen, taking into account his desire, about which an appropriate entry is made in the medical history and individual card medical and labor activity.

Financing of stationary institutions of social service, which are in federal or municipal ownership, is carried out at the expense of budgets of various levels.

The following categories of minors have the right to be admitted to the institution: those left without parental care; those in need of social rehabilitation and emergency medical and social assistance; experiencing difficulties in communicating with parents, peers, teachers and others; living in dysfunctional families; subjected to physical or psychological violence; refused to live in a family or institutions for orphans and children left without parental care.

It is not allowed to place in an institution children with diseases requiring active medical intervention, as well as those who are in a state of alcoholic or drug intoxication, mentally ill who have committed a crime.

Crisis centers for helping women are a new social service institution. Stationary departments of the center are created for women to stay in it for a period of not more than 2 months. Women who are in a state of crisis and dangerous to physical and mental health or who have been subjected to psychophysical violence are provided with psychological, legal, pedagogical, social and other assistance at any time of the day. The centers are on budget financing. Certain types of assistance may be provided for a fee.

Elderly citizens and disabled people living in stationary social service institutions have the right to:

providing them with living conditions that meet sanitary and hygienic requirements;

care, primary health care and dental care provided in an inpatient social service institution;

socio-medical rehabilitation and social adaptation;

voluntary participation in the medical and labor process, taking into account the state of health, interests, desires in accordance with the medical report and labor recommendations;

medical and social examination, carried out for medical reasons, to establish or change a disability group; free visits by a lawyer, notary, legal representatives, representatives public associations and a clergyman, as well as relatives and other persons;

free help a lawyer in the manner prescribed by applicable law;

providing them with premises for the performance of religious rites, creating appropriate conditions for this, not contradicting the rules of internal order, taking into account the interests of believers of various faiths;

preservation of residential premises occupied by them under a lease or lease agreement in the houses of state, municipal and public housing stocks within six months from the moment of admission to a stationary social service institution, and in cases where members of their families remained living in residential premises - during the entire time spent in this facility.

In case of refusal of the services of a stationary social service institution after the expiration of the specified period, elderly citizens and people with disabilities who have vacated residential premises in connection with their placement in these institutions have the right to extraordinary provision of residential premises if they cannot be returned to the residential premises they previously occupied .

participation in public commissions for the protection of the rights of elderly citizens and the disabled, created, among other things, in social service institutions.

Disabled children living in stationary social service institutions, who are orphans or deprived of parental care, upon reaching the age of 18, are subject to provision of residential premises out of turn by local governments at the location of these institutions or at the place of their former residence of their choice, if an individual rehabilitation program provides for the possibility of self-service;
Disabled children living in stationary social service institutions have the right to receive education and vocational training in accordance with their physical capabilities and mental faculties. This right is ensured by organizing special educational institutions (classes and groups) and labor training workshops in stationary social service institutions in the manner prescribed by current legislation.
Elderly citizens and disabled people living in state social service institutions and in need of specialized medical care are sent for examination and treatment to state health care institutions. Payment for the treatment of elderly citizens and the disabled in these health care institutions is carried out in accordance with the established procedure at the expense of the relevant budget allocations and medical insurance funds.
Elderly citizens and disabled persons living in stationary social service institutions have the right to be free from punishment. For the purpose of punishing elderly and disabled citizens or creating amenities for the personnel of these institutions, the use of medicines, means of physical restraint, as well as the isolation of elderly citizens and disabled people, is not allowed. Persons guilty of violating this norm shall bear disciplinary, administrative or criminal liability established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Thus, studying the system of stationary social services, we can conclude that stationary social services are the provision of social services: assistance in housekeeping, temporary placement in a social protection institution, etc. In a broad sense, social services include other, in addition to cash payments, types of social security, including: protection of childhood, motherhood, the disabled, medicine, education, etc.

Institutions of stationary social service

Institutions of stationary social services include: psycho-neurological boarding schools; boarding houses; nursing homes (gerontological centers); orphanages for the disabled.

Let's consider some of them:

Psychoneurological boarding school (abbreviated as PNI) - a stationary institution for social services<#"justify">On social services for elderly and disabled citizens [Adopted by the State Duma on May 17, 1995 Approved by the Federation Council on July 21, 1995 Federal Law of the Russian Federation of August 2, 1995] - N 122-FZ

On the procedure for the participation of elderly citizens and disabled people living in stationary social service institutions in medical and labor activities [Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 26, 1995] - N 1285

About approval guidelines on the organization of the activities of state and municipal institutions of social services for the population "gerontological center" [approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 14, 2003] - No. 76

On the approval of guidelines for organizing the activities of the state (municipal) institution "boarding school for mentally retarded children" [Decree of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Population of the Russian Federation of 08.08.2002] No. 54

About the Federal List guaranteed by the state social services provided to elderly citizens and disabled people by state and municipal social service institutions [Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 25, 1995] - N 1151

Dementieva NF, Problems of observance of human rights in psycho-neurological boarding schools and orphanages. Human rights and psychiatry in the Russian Federation: a report on the results of monitoring and thematic articles // Otv. ed. A. Novikova. - Moscow: Moscow Helsinki Group, 2004. - 297 p.

Kalashnikov I.F. , Gerontological Center and Rehabilitation // Social security. - 2003. - No. 8. p. 498.

Official website of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Population of the Republic of Belarus // #"justify">. Fundamentals of social work: Textbook // Otv. Ed. Peacock. - 3rd ed., Rev. And extra. - M.: INFRA-M, 2007. - 560 p.

Social work: Tutorial// Ed. N.F. Basov. - M.: Dashkov i Ko, 2008. - 364 p.

S.A. Sushchenko, Social psychology: a textbook for secondary vocational education// Rostov n / a: Phoenix, 2005. - 345 p.

S.A. Filatova, L.N. Bezdenezhnaya, L.S. Andreeva. Gerontology // Rostov n / D., 2005. - 512p.

Tetenova G. Social psychological rehabilitation in a boarding school. // Social work. - 2004. - No. 1. - S. 456

Kholostova E.I. Social work // Textbook. - 6th ed., revised. and additional - M.: Dashkov i Ko, 2008. - 860 p.

Yatsemirskaya R. S., Belenkaya I. G. Social gerontology // Moscow, 1999. P. 389

This article is devoted to the study of the experience and prospects for introducing innovations in the system of social services for the elderly and disabled at home (on the example of the Izobilnensky Center for Social Services for the Population of the Stavropol Territory). A survey was conducted among 20 employees of a social security institution and 53 clients. The main problems faced by the elderly and the disabled are: the state of health, material difficulties, social problems and loneliness. The article analyzes both the experience and prospects for introducing innovations in the system of social services for the elderly and disabled at home.

social service at home

senior citizens

social services

innovative technologies

1. Makarova E.O. State regulation investment activity in the sphere of social services for the population // Social service. - 2015. - No. 2. - P. 26–39.

2. Malahin I.A. Chudakova Yu.V. Experience in organizing social services for elderly citizens at home // Privolzhsky Scientific Bulletin. – 2014. – No. 12–4(40). – P. 97–100.

3. Official statistics. Population. Territorial authority Federal Service state statistics for the Stavropol Territory. [Electronic resource] http://stavstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/stavstat/ru/statistics/population.

4. Rozhina S.V. Modern approaches to the provision of social services in a comprehensive center of social services for the population (based on the experience of the MBU "Complex Center for Social Services for the Population of the City of Valuyki and the Valuysky District" of the Belgorod Region) // Social Service. - 2015. - No. 1. - P. 23–28.

5. Savchenko V.V. The problem of inequality of resources for family investment in development human capital in modern Russia // Regional economy. - 2012. - No. 321. - P. 40–46

6. Khoreva O.O., Muravieva V.N., Ulyanchenko I.I., Savchenko V.V. The state of dental health of elderly citizens living in gerontological institutions of social protection of the population of the Stavropol Territory // Medical Bulletin North Caucasus. - 2014. - No. 4 (36). – S. 366–368.

The current demographic situation in the Stavropol Territory is characterized by a dynamic increase in the proportion of elderly citizens in the total population of the region. As of January 1, 2014, the number of people over working age in the Stavropol Territory amounted to 25.5% of the total population of the Stavropol Territory. In addition, there is an increase in the proportion of elderly citizens over 80 years old, and in the future their number will increase.

This trend in society places high demands on the adoption of coordinated strategic decisions at all levels of government aimed at protecting the rights and interests of elderly citizens, creating comfortable conditions for the life of the older generation, improving the quality of life of the elderly and the disabled, maintaining active longevity, and overcoming psychological discomfort. associated with feelings of helplessness and loneliness.

Older people in the modern world have new social needs, which necessitates the introduction of innovations in social sphere as a leading tool for improving their quality of life. The most common form of social service for the elderly and disabled is home care.

Purpose of the study: analysis of the experience and prospects for introducing innovations in the system of social services for elderly citizens at home.

Materials and methods of research

During the assessment, the experience of the State Budgetary Institution of Social Services "Izobilnensky Center for Social Services for the Population" of the Stavropol Territory was analyzed. In order to study satisfaction with the quality of social services and analyze the needs for introducing innovations in the system of social services for elderly citizens at home, a sociological survey. The study involved 20 employees of a social security institution and 53 clients.

Results of the study and their discussion

In the Izobilnensky center of social services for the population, there are 14 departments of social services for the population at home, which cover 28 settlements of the district. The main clients of the Izobilnensky Center for Social Services are the elderly and the disabled living in rural areas. In rural areas, there are 11 departments of social services at home. In the 2nd quarter of 2015, social service departments provided services to 1,410 people at home. The main share of those served were women, they make up 82% of the total number of those served. According to the results of the 2nd quarter of 2015, 6.6% of clients received free assistance, with partial payment - 78.7%, with full payment - 14.7%. The number of people waiting in line to be accepted for service at the departments is 5 people.

85% of the clients we interviewed are completely satisfied with the quality of social assistance, 12.5% noted that they were more satisfied with yes than no, and only 2.5% noted that they were more satisfied than yes.

88% of respondents are generally satisfied with the variety of social services provided

The most urgent problem for the elderly and disabled is the state of health. The state of health worries 93.3% of the respondents, 53.3% of the respondents experience material difficulties, 33.3% of the respondents face social and everyday problems (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. The most significant problems of clients of departments of social services at home

The most demanded social services for clients of social service departments at home are social services. More than 91% of the clients of social service departments at home are recipients of social services (cooking, delivery of food, household items, medicines, organization of repairs and cleaning of premises). 19.5% of clients are recipients of social and psychological services, 16.8% - social and medical, and 12% - social and legal services.

The study assessed the need for additional social services that elderly and disabled citizens would like to receive at home. More than 50% of citizens feel the need to provide medical services at home (installation of droppers, injections, provision of physiological procedures, etc.). 34% of respondents feel the need to provide social taxi services. The limitation of the vital activity of the majority of clients of social service departments at home leads to the relevance of the provision of hairdressing services, as well as the services of a manicure and pedicure master at home. The need to increase the variety of services for the organization of constructive leisure is experienced by 15% of respondents. 10% of elderly citizens need qualified legal advice at home (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Additional types of social services that clients of the department of social services at home need

According to the results of the study, an equally urgent problem is raising the awareness of the elderly and the disabled about the list of services provided to the elderly and the disabled by social service institutions at home. Most of the respondents 56.4% noted that they learned about the possibility of receiving social services from a blissful environment (relatives, acquaintances, neighbors), 34.5% received information about the possibility of receiving social services at home from the institution's specialists. The rest noted other sources of information: municipal authorities, medical institutions, mass media.

The center actively develops innovative forms of social support for citizens.

The “Home Helper” service is aimed at helping single (lonely living) widows of veterans and disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War perform labor-intensive homework. This type of service is provided by a male social worker. Everyone who applies to the center will be able to get specialist assistance in minor repairs, electrical and plumbing repairs, furniture assembly, etc.

The service "Sanatorium at home" is aimed at maximizing the restoration of health and the ability to self-care of the elderly in comfortable and familiar conditions. The therapy includes a range of services to improve well-being, increase immunity, as well as educational work with patients on sanitary hygiene and nutrition. The program to improve the quality of life of pensioners is fully focused on their needs and includes a ten-day rehabilitation course. The list of services includes a doctor's examination and the appointment of procedures with health monitoring. This takes into account the diagnosis of the underlying and concomitant diseases, the general well-being of the client. Then compiled individual plan rehabilitation, including magnetotherapy, reflexology using DENAS devices, inhalations, water procedures, vitamin therapy, etc.

Nurse service. Nursing services are provided to citizens who have lost the ability to self-service due to old age, illness, disability, who need permanent or temporary care in their usual social environment.

In order to improve the delivery palliative care Of particular relevance is the development of the social service "hospice at home". The purpose of this service is to provide qualified comprehensive social and medical care to citizens in the terminal stage of any chronic disease (oncology, multiple sclerosis, chronic nonspecific diseases of the broncho-pulmonary and cardiovascular systems, etc.). The content of this service involves the provision of not only qualified social services for care for seriously ill people, but also the provision of psychological help family members, teaching them skills general care for the sick.

From the experience of a number developed countries The model of a foster (foster, substitute) family of older people in families with the condition of payment by the state for the services provided is well known. An elderly man enters foster family in order to receive the necessary care, solve the problem of loneliness, obtain a sense of usefulness for others. On the other hand, a family that is ready to accept an elderly person and provide him with the required support receives a certain reward. The relationship between the parties is based on the principle of “deferred payment” for services provided to an elderly person that a foster family receives (transfer of ownership of movable and immovable property. Development of the institution foster family for the elderly allows to solve the problems of social protection of older people in society, reducing the development of social activity of citizens and citizenship.

conclusions

In general, the clients of the inpatient department of social services at home are satisfied with the quality and variety of services provided. The most demanded services are social services, cooking, delivery of food, household supplies, medicines, organization of repairs and cleaning of premises. The most basic problems faced by the elderly and the disabled are the state of health, material difficulties, social problems and loneliness.

Among additional services that the clients of the social service department at home need, the most relevant are medical services, the provision of vehicles, the “hairdresser service at home”, the organization of cultural and leisure activities.

The center actively introduces innovative technologies of social services for the elderly and the disabled: services "home helper", "sanatorium at home", "nurse". Promising is the introduction of such innovative technologies as "hospice at home", a foster family model.

One of the conditions for introducing innovation into the system of social services for the elderly and disabled at home is to expand the degree of participation of the non-state sector ( non-profit organizations and private business) in the provision of social services to the population. This will allow developing competition and, as a result, creating a more flexible sphere of social services, reducing the cost of services provided, and reducing the share of budgetary funds in financing public institutions.

Bibliographic link

Borodina O.D., Savchenko V.V. INNOVATIVE FORMS OF SOCIAL SERVICE FOR DISABLED AND ELDERLY CITIZENS AT HOME // International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research. - 2016. - No. 2-2. - S. 321-324;
URL: https://applied-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=8575 (date of access: 04/06/2019). We bring to your attention the journals published by the publishing house "Academy of Natural History"

Feature of modern demographic situation In Russia, there is a tendency to increase life expectancy and an increase in the proportion of the population older than working age. Therefore, the state is obliged to assume obligations in order to contribute to the preservation and extension of the full life of each person, to recognize its debt to him and to support his social, labor, educational and creative activity. In this regard, the problem of providing social assistance and support to the elderly is very relevant in society.

V modern society Citizens of the older generation are undergoing a gradual reorientation from simple survival to active inclusion in public life. The purpose of social services at home has also changed, which is the maximum possible extension of the stay of elderly and disabled citizens in a favorable environment, prolonging their life activity in their familiar environment.

The system of social services for the population has now undergone significant changes. On January 1, 2015, the new Federal Law of December 28, 2013 No. 442-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation” came into force, which is primarily focused on an individual approach in addressing the concerns of older people and people with disabilities and providing clearer and more targeted assistance. The law redefines the concept of "social service", which can be one-time, periodic and permanent and is provided to improve the living conditions of citizens and expand the ability to independently provide for their life needs.

Solving the problems of social protection of the elderly requires more direct participation of society, the search for new forms of social services. Currently, older people prefer forms and methods of social services that allow them to save physical health, develop intellectual abilities, support psycho-emotional and spiritual state in balance. Under these conditions, traditional forms of service become insufficient. Creation of conditions for quality social change are innovative social technologies.

In the last decade, the system of semi-hospital facilities for the daytime stay of pensioners has been actively developed. Private houses are being built for the comfortable living of the elderly. Clubs of social mutual aid and creative interests became the most demanded. Technologies such as "Virtual tourism", "Sanatorium at home", "Mobile brigade" for citizens receiving social services at home are being introduced. Elderly and disabled people are regularly involved in photo exhibitions, exhibitions of creative works and various actions in home offices.

It is no secret that in recent years the state of health of the nation has been deteriorating. In Russian society, the number of citizens with significant disabilities is growing. Many people need constant outside help. Due to the underdeveloped network of hospices and the long queue for obtaining places in inpatient social service institutions, home-based departments are implementing inpatient-replacing technologies: services "Home nurses", "Hospice at home", "Weekend without loneliness", etc. There is also a need to preserve departments of nursing care at medical facilities, where patients temporarily receive qualified assistance before being placed in a boarding house, and some return home as a result of full-fledged care. From experience, it became clear that close cooperation between social and medical workers contributes to improving the quality of life of service recipients. Modernization of the system of stationary social services, construction of gerontological and gerontopsychological centers requires huge funds, and the need for resources is increasing, which confirms the insufficiency of the provision of government agencies social services. One of the important impetus for changing the existing social tension will be the development and functioning of the system of non-state social services, support and strengthening the role of public funds, charitable and religious organizations which will contribute to the development of competition in the provision of social services, and, consequently, to improve their quality.

Another obvious problem that complicates the interaction between the state and society in working with older people is the lack of information. For more successful activities of the social protection authorities, it would be advisable to have a database of public organizations working with older people and operating on the territory of their municipalities. The consistency and availability of this information at the regional and federal levels will improve intersectoral interaction, enrich public services new ideas and approaches, and public organizations will be given the opportunity to disseminate their successful experience.

social work specialist
Ukolova N.Yu.

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Actual problems of social services

Introduction

The relevance of the research topic of this course work is determined by the fact that in society there are certain categories of citizens who, for a number of objective reasons, need help from other people. In any social state, the country's leadership takes care of such people, organizes a system of social services for such categories of citizens.

Social services for vulnerable categories of citizens is one of the most basic functions and tasks of any state. To a large extent, the development of the country is determined precisely by the level of how fully the system of social services for such categories of citizens as the disabled, pensioners and others in need of care and attention from the category of people is organized in it.

Social service in Russia faces very significant problems.

Based on the fact that the social service of people is an important task of society and the state, this topic It seems very important and relevant to study in the framework of this course work on the law of social security.

The purpose of this course work is to study issues related to topical issues of social services.

To achieve the goal set in the course work, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

To characterize the essence, goals and objectives of social services for the population;

Consider the system of social services for the population, its principles, functions, types and forms of activity;

Consider the main problems of social services in modern Russia;

Describe the issues of organizing social services in Rostov region.

The course work consists of an introduction, two chapters, divided into subsections, a conclusion and a list of references.

1. General characteristics of social services

social service population

1.1 Characteristics of the essence, goals and objectives of social servicesandpopulation

Theory and methodology of social work: a textbook for the beginning. prof. education / M.N. Guslov. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2012

In the Federal Law of December 28, 2013 N 442-FZ (as amended on July 21, 2014) “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”, social work as a theory of the middle level is designed to ensure the effectiveness of social services for the population. Therefore, the effectiveness of social services, according to scientists, can be determined on the basis of both general (serving to assess its effectiveness in general) and specific (to evaluate specific social services). certain types and methods of social work, the work of individual specialists, employees of institutions) criteria. Federal Law No. 442-FZ of December 28, 2013 (as amended on July 21, 2014) “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”

The direct source for determining the criteria for social services are the goals and objectives of the provision of social services and the degree of their implementation. At the same time, the following points are fundamentally important: - firstly, the goals of social services can be considered at the level of society, individual regions, settlements, districts and microdistricts, at the level of population groups and individuals;

Secondly, the goals of social services should take into account the socio-economic, moral-psychological, environmental, political and other conditions that have developed in the context of political and economic reforms the first half of the 90s; - thirdly, the goals of social services in modern Russia should be inextricably linked with objective assessment and positive coverage of the processes of the country and its regions overcoming the crisis, as well as stabilization social position various categories of the population. The criterion for the effectiveness of social services should be the effectiveness of all types, forms and methods of social services for various categories of the population, the activities of social services, as well as the management and management of the entire process of social work with the population and individuals in need of social services. Based on the concept of systemic needs of socio-economic structures in society in its application to solving practical and organizational problems in the sphere of social services for the population, it is possible to identify the systemic functions and goals of this sphere.

These are the system functions of humanity, which include:

a) assistance to the poor, the weak, the sick and people who find themselves in difficult life situations. If a person, as a result of an illness or some circumstances, finds himself in a difficult situation, then the humane attitude of other members of society towards him with a significant probability is able to save his life and return him to work. b) ensuring the maintenance of the production in the "social organism" of the so-called "energy surpluses". This function is due to the fact that the need for resources for the survival of the "social organism" can change dramatically, for example, during a war or natural disasters. Theory and methodology of social work: a textbook for the beginning. prof. education / M.N. Guslov. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2012

1.2 The system of social services for the population: principles, functions, types and forms of activity

Theory and methodology of social work: a textbook for students. avg. prof. textbook institutions / N.M. Platonov, G.F. Nesterov. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2011.

The implementation of activities is based on the following approaches:

Assistance should be reintegrative;

When providing assistance, they carry out an individual approach to the client's request;

Social assistance is provided on the basis of the principle of subsidiarity;

The beneficiary must be active;

Social assistance mechanisms are activated when other methods of support (psychological, moral, contractual, legislative) have been exhausted. Client assistance system in the social service system:

a) social assistance function, which includes

Identification, registration of families and individuals those most in need of social support (low-income citizens, families with minor children and other disabled members), the provision of material (financial, in-kind) assistance and the provision of temporary housing to those in need, etc.;

Prevention of poverty: creation of conditions for families to independently ensure their well-being, family entrepreneurship;

Home services for those in need of outside care (delivery of food, medicines, transportation for treatment, home health monitoring, etc.);

Promoting the development of non-traditional forms of pre-school, school and out-of-school education;

Organization of a temporary forced stay of a child outside the parental family, his further placement in a children's institution, under guardianship (guardianship), adoption;

b) a consulting function, which includes:

Consulting specialists (lawyers, sociologists, teachers, doctors, psychologists, etc.);

Participation in preparing young people for choosing a profession;

Preparation of boys and girls for marriage and conscious parenthood;

Parental medical and psychological general education;

c) the function of social adjustment and rehabilitation, which includes:

Social medical and psychological rehabilitation of minors with deviant behavior, neglected children and adolescents, children left without parental care;

Medica - social rehabilitation and rehabilitation of children and adolescents with disabilities and families raising them;

d) the function of information of the population, the study and forecasting of social needs, within which three areas are distinguished:

Providing the client with the information necessary to resolve a difficult life situation;

Distribution among the medical population - psychological, pedagogical and other knowledge;

The study of the needs of their clients by social workers, specially created institutions, and with the help of scientific organizations social problems that give rise to crisis situations in the region, the development and implementation of specific measures aimed at their elimination;

e) the function of participation in the implementation of emergency measures to overcome the consequences of natural disasters and social conflicts:

Participation of social service specialists in the development of emergency programs;

Formation within the framework of rescue services organized at the central and other levels, teams of social workers, etc.

Provision of material assistance to citizens in difficult life situations in the form of cash, food, etc., as well as special vehicles, technical means rehabilitation of the disabled and persons in need of outside care;

Social services at home, which is carried out by providing social services to citizens in need of outside or temporary non-stationary social services;

Social services in stationary institutions, carried out by providing social services to citizens who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service and in need of constant outside care, and ensuring the creation of living conditions appropriate to their age and state of health, carrying out medical, psychological, social activities, nutrition, care, as well as the organization of feasible labor activity, rest and leisure;

Provision of temporary shelter in specialized institutions of social services to orphans, neglected minors, citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation, citizens without a fixed place of residence, victims of psychological or physical violence and other clients of the social service who need to determine a temporary shelter;

Organization of a day stay in social service institutions with the provision of social, social, medical and other services to those who have retained the ability to self-service and active movement to elderly citizens and the disabled, as well as to other persons, including minors, who are in a difficult life situation;

Advisory assistance on issues of social and social and medical life support, psychological and pedagogical assistance, social and legal protection;

Rehabilitation services for persons with disabilities, juvenile delinquents, other citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation and need professional, psychological, social rehabilitation. Theory and methodology of social work: a textbook for students. avg. prof. textbook institutions / N.M. Platonov, G.F. Nesterov. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2011.

Social service is based on the principles:

Equal opportunities for citizens regardless of nationality, gender and age;

Availability;

Voluntariness;

Assistance social adaptation relying on their own strengths;

Targeting, priority assistance to citizens who are in a dangerous or helpless state;

Humanity, goodwill, respect for confidentiality;

Preventive orientation;

Legality and accounting for international standards. Theory and methodology of social work: a textbook for students. avg. prof. textbook institutions / N.M. Platonov, G.F. Nesterov. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2011.

Social service is formed on the basis of legality, humanism, justice and democracy. At the same time, common principles for the entire system of social service are common, the universal adherence to which makes this system coherent and consistent:

Priority principle state principles in organizing social services and guaranteeing the rights of citizens to receive social services and assistance in difficult life situations means that the state ensures the rights of the individual, sovereignty, honor and freedom, protects it from all sorts of encroachments. It provides the social service system with the necessary materials, finances, human resources, determines the responsibilities of institutions, management bodies and social service workers;

The principle of reliance on public participation means that the public component is a necessary link in the work of social services and their management. At the same time, in cases where social services require social vocational training, public participation is possible only as assistance to the main subjects of this activity;

The principle of territoriality means that the social service is as close as possible to the population and, therefore, as accessible as possible for direct use. This principle makes it possible to solve the problems of integrating departmental interests and opportunities for a comprehensive solution of the problems of social services, to maintain a variety of activities with common goals;

The principle of awareness means that institutions and management bodies of the social service have the right to collect information, receive, upon a reasoned request from state and public bodies, information that is necessary for their functions and assistance to clients. The functions of managing the issues of social services for the population in the jurisdictional territory are carried out by the bodies of social protection of the population. They build their activities in cooperation with the authorities of healthcare, public education, culture, physical culture and sports, law enforcement, state services for youth and employment and other government bodies, as well as with public, religious, charitable organizations and foundations.

In conclusion of the first chapter of this course work, the following conclusions can be drawn.

Scientific literature rarely uses such a concept as “social services for the population”. According to some scientists, in modern conditions, social service is one of the areas of social work. Thus, social services are presented as organizational form characterizing the mentioned type of activity. Social service can be considered as a system that includes certain ways on the basis of which social humanistic activity is carried out, which is aimed at solving the issues of social rehabilitation of individuals, their adaptation, as well as families and human society as a whole. Based on the foregoing, it is possible to characterize social services as a process consisting in the provision of certain specific social services that serve to satisfy the needs that are necessary for the normal development of those people who are dependent on the help of others.

The implementation of social services occurs through social services. Social service is the main concept included in the scope of the issue of providing social services. Social service can be viewed as a system that includes state and non-state structures that carry out social work. These structures include specialized agencies that provide social services, as well as the bodies that manage these institutions.

As a tool of social work, the social service organizes activities aimed at social assistance and social protection of the population.

2. Feature contemporary problems social services

2.1 Problems of social services in modern Russia

Social services are an objective need of citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation. However, at present the level of efficiency of social services is not high enough. This is due to various factors, among which, first of all, economic. It is expressed in the lack of funding for the sphere of social services, which leads to the low quality of social services, their inaccessibility, the shortage of personnel for social workers, and poor material and technical equipment of social service institutions.

There are many problems in the field of social services for pensioners:

on the one hand, paid social services are slowly developing, and on the other hand, there is a danger of absolutization paid services, compared with the volume of paid services, the share of free services is declining;

the problem of the order of priority for obtaining places in institutions remains acute (about 12 thousand people need social services in a hospital and about 100 thousand people in non-stationary conditions);

insufficiently developed network of hospices, including hospices at home;

the problem of financing institutions and services of social services is topical. At the same time, in the near future, the demand for social services by older citizens, primarily for objective reasons, will increase;

the work of existing social service institutions needs to be significantly improved, replenished with specialists, improved legal and improved material and technical base;

the problem of retraining and advanced training of specialists and service personnel in new type social service institutions requires due attention.

To improve the social status of pensioners living in stationary social service institutions, it is planned to build and reconstruct these institutions. Gerontological centers, boarding houses of a general type, subject to re-profiling into gerontological centers, geriatric psychiatric centers, as well as stationary institutions, were selected as key objects.

Another obvious problem that complicates the interaction between the state and society in working with older people is the lack of information. For more successful activities of the social protection authorities, it would be advisable to have a database of public organizations working with older people and operating on the territory of their municipalities. The consistency and availability of this information at the regional and federal levels will improve intersectoral interaction, enrich public services with new ideas and approaches, and give public organizations the opportunity to disseminate their successful experience. Firsov M., Studenova E. Theory of social work: Textbook for university students. Publisher: Vlados, 2012

The next factor hindering the successful development of the institution of social services is the imperfection of the legislation, its inconsistency and fragmentation, duplication of some acts by others. Often, there are no clearly defined concepts of a particular type of social service. This creates difficulties in studying and law enforcement practice.

In Russian society, a large number of people with signs of disability. It is no secret that in recent years the country has been experiencing a deterioration in the health of the nation, an aging society, unemployment, and low income.

Obviously, in the area under consideration, solutions require problems in two main areas: in the field of socio-economic development and legislative regulation.

To address many issues, measures are needed to reform social services. In particular, it is necessary to move to a funded system in the field of social services - social insurance, when citizens, through personal contributions to the fund being formed, will be able to receive social services when they find themselves in a difficult life situation.

A measure that can change the financial situation is the creation of a state off-budget fund for social services, which will allow to concentrate the available revenues (tax and other), and in the future to spend them exclusively in the field of social services.

The next step could be the development of a non-state system of social services, in particular, strengthening the role of public organizations (trade unions, religious organizations, public funds, charitable organizations, etc.).

One of the measures to improve the situation in the field of social services is to provide the regions with the opportunity to search for additional non-standard solutions, for example, stimulating charitable activities, developing non-traditional types of social services, such as a sanatorium at home or a social service institution on wheels. Firsov M., Studenova E. Theory of social work: Textbook for university students. Publisher: Vlados, 2012

In the field of protection of persons with disabilities, one of the most vulnerable categories, it is necessary:

increase in the volume and quality of manufactured prosthetic and orthopedic products, rehabilitation means;

an increase in the number of institutions specializing in such production;

equipping places for training disabled people in educational institutions, expanding the network of specialized educational institutions.

As part of the improvement of legislation, it is necessary to adopt a codified act at the level of law that regulates the main issues in the field of social services. This will streamline and systematize the existing legislation on social services. Firsov M., Studenova E. Theory of social work: Textbook for university students. Publisher: Vlados, 2012

In further work with legislative framework what matters is the expansion of the subject composition of those in need, the departure from the concept of social services, as an institution that regulates the relations of a narrow circle of subjects, only the elderly, the disabled and the low-income.

2.2 Organization of social services in the Rostov region

The powers of the Government of the Rostov Region in the field of social services include:

Legal regulation and organization of social services in the Rostov region within the powers established by the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation";

Statement government programs Rostov region in the field of social services and control over their implementation;

Definition of an organ state power authorized to exercise the powers provided for by this Regional Law in the field of social services (hereinafter referred to as the authorized body of the Rostov Region in the field of social services);

Regulation approval interagency cooperation executive authorities of the Rostov region in connection with the implementation of the powers of the Rostov region in the field of social services for citizens;

Approval of the procedure for the provision of social services by social service providers;

Establishing the procedure for approving tariffs for social services based on per capita norms for financing social services;

Approval of the staffing standards for social service organizations under the jurisdiction of the authorized body of the Rostov Region in the field of social services (hereinafter referred to as the social service organization of the Rostov Region), the standards for providing soft equipment and living space when providing social services by these organizations;

Approval of nutritional standards in social service organizations of the Rostov region;

Approval of the procedure for organizing the implementation of regional state control (supervision) in the field of social services;

Approval of the amount of payment for the provision of social services and the procedure for its collection;

Establishment of the procedure for the implementation of state programs of the Rostov region in the field of social services, including investment programs;

Organization of support for socially oriented non-profit organizations, philanthropists and volunteers operating in the field of social services for citizens in the Rostov region in accordance with federal and regional laws;

Approval of the nomenclature of social service organizations for citizens in the Rostov region;

Establishing a procedure for accepting citizens from among persons released from places of deprivation of liberty, for whom, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, administrative supervision is established and who have partially or completely lost the ability to self-service, for social services in stationary social service organizations with special social services for citizens;

Determining the amount and procedure for paying compensation to the provider or providers of social services that are included in the register of social service providers, but do not participate in the fulfillment of the state task (order), when a citizen receives from them the social services provided for individual program provision of social services;

Determination of other circumstances that are recognized as worsening or capable of worsening the living conditions of citizens.

The Government of the Rostov Region exercises other powers in the field of social services referred by the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation", other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation to the jurisdiction and powers of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, unless otherwise established this Regional Law, other regional laws, regulatory legal acts of the Governor of the Rostov Region or the Government of the Rostov Region. Regional Law of September 03, 2014 No. 222-ЗС "On social services for citizens in the Rostov region"

The powers of the authorized body of the Rostov region in the field of social services include:

Organization of social services in the Rostov region within the powers established by the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation";

Development and implementation of state programs of the Rostov region in the field of social services;

Coordination of the activities of social service providers, public organizations and other organizations operating in the field of social services for citizens in the Rostov region;

Implementation of regional state control (supervision) in the field of social services;

Formation and maintenance of the register of social service providers and the register of recipients of social services;

Ensuring free access to information about social service providers, the social services they provide, types of social services, the terms, procedure and conditions for their provision, tariffs for these services, including through the media, including posting information on official websites in information - telecommunications network "Internet" (hereinafter referred to as the "Internet" network);

Accounting and reporting in the field of social services in the Rostov region;

Development and implementation of measures for the formation and development of the social services market, including the development of non-governmental organizations of social services for citizens;

Assistance to citizens, public and other organizations in the implementation of public control in the field of social services;

Development and testing of methods and technologies in the field of social services;

Approval of the procedure for spending funds generated as a result of charging fees for the provision of social services for social service organizations in the Rostov region;

Organization vocational training, vocational education and additional vocational education for employees of social service providers.

The authorized body of the Rostov Region in the field of social services exercises other powers in the field of social services, referred by the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Social Services to Citizens in the Russian Federation", other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation to the powers of the state authority of the subject of the Russian Federation, authorized to exercise the powers provided for by the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation" in the field of social services, unless otherwise provided by this Regional Law, other regional laws, regulatory legal acts of the Governor of the Rostov Region or the Government of the Rostov Region. Regional Law of September 03, 2014 No. 222-ЗС "On social services for citizens in the Rostov region"

At the end of the second chapter of the course work, we can conclude that in Russia there are a number of rather acute problems associated with social services for the population.

First of all, these problems are related to the fact that the financing of this area by the state does not meet the needs of such categories of socially unprotected citizens as the disabled and pensioners. The solution to these problems is possible by stimulating charity in order to shift some of the issues of social services for the population from the shoulders of the state to private organizations. In order to stimulate the development of charity, it is necessary to adopt appropriate legislation that would give benefits to organizations engaged in charity in the field of social services for people in need.

Conclusion

Scientific literature rarely uses such a concept as “social services for the population”. According to some scientists, in modern conditions, social service is one of the areas of social work. Thus, social services are presented as an organizational form that characterizes the mentioned type of activity. Social service can be considered as a system that includes certain ways on the basis of which social humanistic activity is carried out, which is aimed at solving the issues of social rehabilitation of individuals, their adaptation, as well as families and human society as a whole. Based on the foregoing, it is possible to characterize social services as a process consisting in the provision of certain specific social services that serve to satisfy the needs that are necessary for the normal development of those people who are dependent on the help of others.

The implementation of social services occurs through social services. Social service is the main concept included in the scope of the issue of providing social services. Social service can be viewed as a system that includes state and non-state structures that carry out social work. These structures include specialized institutions that provide social services, as well as bodies that manage these institutions.

As an instrument of social work, the social service organizes activities aimed at social assistance and social protection of the population.

In Russia, there are a number of rather acute problems related to social services for the population.

Legislation in the Rostov region in the field of social services is based on federal legislation in this area. The regional government and the governor are paying increased attention to providing social services for people who need it.

List of used literature

1. Federal Law No. 442-FZ of December 28, 2013 (as amended on July 21, 2014) “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for Citizens in the Russian Federation”

2. Regional Law of September 03, 2014 No. 222-ЗС "On social services for citizens in the Rostov region"

3. Barker R. Dictionary of Social Work. - Moscow. 2013

4. Eruslanova R.I. "Technologies of social services for the elderly and disabled at home. Textbook" Publisher: Dashkov i K., 2012.

5. Zaynyshev I. G. Technology of social work. Publisher: Vlados, 2012;

6. Theory and methodology of social work: a textbook for early. prof. education / M.N. Guslov. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2012

7. Theory and methodology of social work: a textbook for students. avg. prof. textbook institutions / N.M. Platonov, G.F. Nesterov. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2011.

8. Firsov M., Studenova E. Theory of social work: Textbook for university students. Publisher: Vlados, 2012.

9. Khizhny N. State system of social protection of citizens in the countries of Western Europe. Publisher: INION RAN, 2013.

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Ways to improve social services for the population as an element of social policy on the example of the municipalities "Kotlas" and "Kotlassky district"

3.1 Problems of social services and ways to solve them

In Russian society, a large number of people with signs of disability. It is no secret that in recent years the country has been experiencing a deterioration in the state of health of the nation, an aging society, low security, and unemployment.

Obviously, in the area under consideration, solutions require problems in two main areas: in the field of socio-economic development and legislative regulation. Problems of social services in Russia and ways to solve them, Informational portal, new fact// URL: http: //www.new-fact.ru/? p=1383 (date of access: 08. 12. 14)

Reforming the sphere of social services, it is also necessary to pursue a policy of regional alignment in order to form an equal level of social services throughout the country. However, here it is important not to allow an egalitarian approach and apply individual measures to different regions. Problems of social services in Russia and ways to solve them, Information portal, New fact // URL: http: //www.new-fact.ru/? p=1383 (date of access: 08. 12. 14)

In the field of protection of the disabled, one of the most vulnerable categories, it is necessary to: increase the volume and quality of manufactured prosthetic and orthopedic products, rehabilitation means; an increase in the number of institutions specializing in such production; equipping places for training disabled people in general educational institutions, expanding the network of specialized educational institutions.

In further work with the legislative framework, it is important to expand the subject composition of those in need, to move away from the concept of social services as an institution that regulates the relations of a narrow circle of subjects, only the elderly, the disabled and the low-income.

Social services for the population is a mechanism that allows you to practically solve complex issues of the life of society, the family and the individual. Therefore, it is important that social priorities and guarantees are firmly fixed in the legislation. Gradually, a new model of the social service system should be built that meets the current needs of society and the economic capabilities of the state. Problems of social services in Russia and ways to solve them, Information portal, New fact // URL: http: //www.new-fact.ru/? p=1383 (date of access: 08. 12. 14)

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